scholarly journals Bacillus Spp.: Efficient Biotic Strategy to Control Postharvest Diseases of Fruits and Vegetables

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lastochkina ◽  
Seifikalhor ◽  
Aliniaeifard ◽  
Baymiev ◽  
Pusenkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Postharvest Diseases ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Storage Losses ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Storage Type

: Postharvest diseases significantly reduce the shelf-life of harvested fruits/vegetables worldwide. Bacillus spp. are considered to be an eco-friendly and bio-safe alternative to traditional chemical fungicides/bactericides due to their intrinsic ability to induce native anti-stress pathways in plants. This review compiles information from multiple scientific databases (Scopus, ScienceDirect, GoogleScholar, ResearchGate, etc.) using the keywords “postharvest diseases”, “Bacillus”, “Bacillus subtilis”, “biocontrol”, “storage”, “losses”, and “fruits/vegetables”. To date, numerous examples of successful Bacillus spp. application in controlling various postharvest-emerged pathogens of different fruits/vegetables during handling, transportation, and storage have been described in the literature. The mechanism/s of such action is/are still largely unknown; however, it is suggested that they include: i) competition for space/nutrients with pathogens; ii) production of various bio-active substances with antibiotic activity and cell wall-degrading compounds; and iii) induction of systemic resistance. With that, Bacillus efficiency may depend on various factors including strain characteristics (epiphytes or endophytes), application methods (before or after harvest/storage), type of pathogens/hosts, etc. Endophytic B. subtilis-based products can be more effective because they colonize internal plant tissues and are less dependent on external environmental factors while protecting cells inside. Nevertheless, the mechanism/s of Bacillus action on harvested fruits/vegetables is largely unknown and requires further detailed investigations to fully realize their potential in agricultural/food industries.

scholarly journals Effects of postharvest application of UV-C radiation on the control of microorganisms and maintenance of quality in strawberries

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Palma Petrielli ◽  
Franciane Colares Souza Usberti ◽  
Raysa Maduro Alves
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Postharvest Diseases ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Postharvest Application ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Uv C ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
High Metabolic Activity

Because it is a highly perishable fruit, due to its high metabolic activity and water content, the strawberry has a shelf life limited by weight loss, texture alteration and microbiological deterioration. Such susceptibility to proliferation of microorganisms and the occurrence of postharvest diseases, especially some rot, stimulates the study of alternative sanitizing treatments that aims at the maintenance of fruit quality such as ultraviolet radiation, which it exhibits germicidal properties in the region UV-C (200-280nm). The non-formation of residual toxic compounds on the surface of the product, a low cost and the fact of being odorless are advantages of its use in fruits and vegetables.¹ In the present study the objective was to evaluate the efficacy and effects of UV-C radiation in strawberries by applying 0.0 (T1), 1.25 (T2), 2.50 (T3), 3.75 (T4) and 5.0 (T5) kJ/m² and storage at 5.37 ± 0.74 ºC and 53.38 ± 6.84% RH after irradiation. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized blocks design with three replicates per treatment. In the results, it was not possible to observe some benefits of UV-C in strawberries in relation to their non-use, suggesting it needs further studies with different doses and storage conditions.

Sugar beet from field clamps -harvest quality and storage loss

2018 ◽  
pp. 639-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christa Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
Invert Sugar ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Storage Losses ◽  
Commercial Sugar ◽  
And Storage ◽  
High Storage

Harvest quality of sugar beet varies according to soil conditions, harvester type and setting, and variety, too. Harvest quality may affect storage losses, in particular when injuries occur. To determine the harvest quality of commercial sugar beet and to quantify resulting storage losses, 92 commercial sugar beet clamps were sampled across Germany and information about harvest conditions were gathered. At IfZ, soil tare, leaf residues, topping diameter, root tip breakage and surface damage of the beets were determined. The beets were stored in 6 replicates in a climate container at 9°C for 10 weeks. The results demonstrate a rather good harvesting quality of sugar beet in Germany. Soil moisture at harvest did not affect harvest quality and storage losses. Very light, but also heavier soils lead to inferior harvest quality (soil tare, root tip breakage, damage) and slightly higher storage losses compared to the typical loam soils. Significant differences occurred between the three harvester types (companies). In general, high root tip breakage and severe surface damage of the beet was related to a high infestation with mould and rots, high invert sugar contents after storage and high sugar losses. Out of the five most planted varieties, in particular one turned out to be very susceptible to damage, resulting in high storage losses. The factor analysis suggests that the effect of harvester / harvester setting and of variety is more important for harvest quality and storage losses of sugar beet than soil conditions at harvest. Therefore, attention should be paid to optimize these conditions.

Understanding the Role of Chlorine and Ozone to Control Postharvest Diseases in Fruit and Vegetables: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-461
Author(s):  
Gabriela M. Baia ◽  
Otniel Freitas-Silva ◽  
Murillo F. Junior
Keyword(s):  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Postharvest Diseases ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
By Products

Fruits and vegetables are foods that come into contact with various types of microorganisms from planting to their consumption. A lack or poor sanitation of these products after harvest can cause high losses due to deterioration and/ or pathogenic microorganisms. There are practically no post-harvest fungicides or bactericides with a broad spectrum of action that have no toxic residual effects and are safe. However, to minimize such problems, the use of sanitizers is an efficient device against these microorganisms. Chlorine is the most prevalent sanitizing agent because of its broad spectrum, low cost and well-established practices. However, the inevitable formation of disinfection by-products, such as trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs), is considered one of the main threats to food safety. Alternative sanitizers, such as chlorine dioxide (ClO2) and ozone, are becoming popular as a substitute for traditional post-harvest treatments. Thus, this review addresses the use of chlorine, chlorine dioxide and ozone emphasizing aspects, such as usage, safe application, spectrum of action and legislation. In order to ensure the quality and safety of final products, the adoption of well-prepared sanitation and sanitation programs for post-harvest fruits and vegetables is essential.

scholarly journals Microbial Biocontrol as an Alternative to Synthetic Fungicides: Boundaries between Pre- and Postharvest Applications on Vegetables and Fruits

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Michele Sellitto ◽  
Severino Zara ◽  
Fabio Fracchetti ◽  
Vittorio Capozzi ◽  
Tiziana Nardi
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Crucial Point ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits ◽  
And Storage

From a ‘farm to fork’ perspective, there are several phases in the production chain of fruits and vegetables in which undesired microbial contaminations can attack foodstuff. In managing these diseases, harvest is a crucial point for shifting the intervention criteria. While in preharvest, pest management consists of tailored agricultural practices, in postharvest, the contaminations are treated using specific (bio)technological approaches (physical, chemical, biological). Some issues connect the ‘pre’ and ‘post’, aligning some problems and possible solution. The colonisation of undesired microorganisms in preharvest can affect the postharvest quality, influencing crop production, yield and storage. Postharvest practices can ‘amplify’ the contamination, favouring microbial spread and provoking injures of the product, which can sustain microbial growth. In this context, microbial biocontrol is a biological strategy receiving increasing interest as sustainable innovation. Microbial-based biotools can find application both to control plant diseases and to reduce contaminations on the product, and therefore, can be considered biocontrol solutions in preharvest or in postharvest. Numerous microbial antagonists (fungi, yeasts and bacteria) can be used in the field and during storage, as reported by laboratory and industrial-scale studies. This review aims to examine the main microbial-based tools potentially representing sustainable bioprotective biotechnologies, focusing on the biotools that overtake the boundaries between pre- and postharvest applications protecting quality against microbial decay.

scholarly journals Bacillus Cyclic Lipopeptides Iturin and Fengycin Control Rice Blast Caused by Pyricularia oryzae in Potting and Acid Sulfate Soils by Direct Antagonism and Induced Systemic Resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1441
Author(s):  
Van Bach Lam ◽  
Thibault Meyer ◽  
Anthony Arguelles Arias ◽  
Marc Ongena ◽  
Feyisara Eyiwumi Oni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Blast ◽  
Induced Systemic Resistance ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Acid Sulfate Soils ◽  
Acid Sulfate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Sulfate Soils

Rice monoculture in acid sulfate soils (ASSs) is affected by a wide range of abiotic and biotic constraints, including rice blast caused by Pyricularia oryzae. To progress towards a more sustainable agriculture, our research aimed to screen the biocontrol potential of indigenous Bacillus spp. against blast disease by triggering induced systemic resistance (ISR) via root application and direct antagonism. Strains belonging to the B. altitudinis and B. velezensis group could protect rice against blast disease by ISR. UPLC–MS and marker gene replacement methods were used to detect cyclic lipopeptide (CLiP) production and construct CLiPs deficient mutants of B. velezensis, respectively. Here we show that the CLiPs fengycin and iturin are both needed to elicit ISR against rice blast in potting soil and ASS conditions. The CLiPs surfactin, iturin and fengycin completely suppressed P. oryzae spore germination resulting in disease severity reduction when co-applied on rice leaves. In vitro microscopic assays revealed that iturin and fengycin inhibited the mycelial growth of the fungus P. oryzae, while surfactin had no effect. The capacity of indigenous Bacillus spp. to reduce rice blast by direct and indirect antagonism in ASS conditions provides an opportunity to explore their usage for rice blast control in the field.

scholarly journals Eggs viability of Aedes aegypti Linnaeus (Diptera, Culicidae) under different environmental and storage conditions in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 396-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. C. Soares-Pinheiro ◽  
W. Dasso-Pinheiro ◽  
J. M. Trindade-Bezerra ◽  
W. P. Tadei
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Storage Site ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Storage Type ◽  
Hatching Rates

Abstract The viability of Aedes aegypti eggs was assessed in the Amazon region. The eggs were maintained under different conditions: indoors (insectarium) and outdoors (natural environment), as well as in different storage types (plastic cup, paper envelope, plastic bag) for different days. Egg viability was measured as the mean of hatchings observed from egg-bearing sheets of filter paper immersed in water, using three sheets randomly selected from each storage type and at both sites. There were significant differences in the viability of Ae. aegypti eggs with respect to the location (F=30.40; DF=1; P<0.0001), storage type (F=17.66; DF=2; P<0.0001), and time of storage (F=49.56; DF=9; P<0.0001). The interaction between storage site versus storage type was also significant (F=15.96; DF=2; P<0.0001). A higher hatching mean was observed for the eggs kept in the insectarium than for those outdoors (32.38 versus 7.46). Hatching rates of egg batches stored for 12 to 61 days ranged between 84 and 90%. A reduction was observed between 89 and 118 days, with values of 63 and 48%, respectively. With respect to type of storage, mean egg hatching was higher for the eggs in plastic cups (44.46). It was concluded that the viability of the eggs of Ae. aegypti in the Amazon region remains high up to 4 months, after which it declines drastically, although in this study hatching occurred for up to 8 months in very low percentages.

scholarly journals Effect of Antibacterial Agents on the Microbial Flora of Some Fruits and Vegetables.

2020 ◽  
pp. 299-304
Author(s):  
Omorodion Nnenna ◽  
Oriji Gift
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Total Viable Count ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Bacillus Spp

Six samples of fruits (apple, banana, mango, orange, pineapple and watermelon) and six samples of vegetables (cabbage, carrot, cucumber, lettuce, potato and tomato) were purchased from wokem market in Choba town PH, Rivers State and microbiological analysis were carried out these fruits and vegetables samples and the effects of the antimicrobial agents (Ethanol and Hydrogen peroxide) on the microbial load. The Total viable count, Total coliform count and Escherichia count were determined via standard microbiological methods. The Total viable count ranged from 4.1x10106 to 1.0x107 cfu/g Total coliform count from 4.5x107 to 1.5x106 cfu/g nd the E.coli count ranged from 5.1x102 to 1.0x102 cfu/g. The Total viable count for apple ranged between to 5.1 x107 to 2.07x109 , Cabbage 1.45x109 to 4.9x107 , banana 1.10x109 to 5.9x107 , cucumber 1.82x108 to 6.0x107. The microorganisms isolated were Escherichia coli 42%, Staphylococcus aureus 30%, Pseudomonas spp 18%, Bacillus spp,6% and Serratia spp, 2%. Hydrogen perioxide had a high pathogen reduction rate than ethanol.The isolation of E coli and other pathogenic microorganisms indicates the presences of faecal contamination and the poor hygienic production, storage and transport system. Fruits and vegetables should be properly handled from their seeds planted in the farm to the matured ones sold in the market

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