Aminoacids and Flavonoids Profiling in Tempranillo Berries Can Be Modulated by the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

(1) Background: Vitis vinifera L. cv. Tempranillo is cultivated over the world for its wine of high quality. The association of Tempranillo with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) induced the accumulation of phenolics and carotenoids in leaves, affected the metabolism of abscisic acid (ABA) during berry ripening, and modulated some characteristics and quality aspects of grapes. The objective of this study was to elucidate if AMF influenced the profiles and the content of primary and secondary metabolites determinants for berry quality in Tempranillo. (2) Methods: Fruit-bearing cuttings inoculated with AMF or uninoculated were cultivated under controlled conditions. (3) Results: Mycorrhizal symbiosis modified the profile of metabolites in Tempranillo berries, especially those of the primary compounds. The levels of glucose and amino acids clearly increased in berries of mycorrhized Tempranillo grapevines, including those of the aromatic precursor amino acids. However, mycorrhizal inoculation barely influenced the total amount and the profiles of anthocyanins and flavonols in berries. (4) Conclusions: Mycorrhizal inoculation of Tempranillo grapevines may be an alternative to the exogenous application of nitrogen compounds in order to enhance the contents of amino acids in grapes, which may affect the aromatic characteristics of wines.

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Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Compete Asymmetrically for Amino Acids with Native and Invasive Solidago

Microbial Ecology ◽

10.1007/s00248-021-01841-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hong-Wei Yu ◽

Wei-Ming He

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal

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The individual and interactive role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Trichoderma viride on growth, protein content, amino acids fractionation, and phosphatases enzyme activities of onion plants amended with fish waste

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety ◽

10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112072 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 214 ◽

pp. 112072

Author(s):

Rabab A. Metwally ◽

Shereen A. Soliman ◽

Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef ◽

Reda E. Abdelhameed

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Protein Content ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Trichoderma Viride ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Fish Waste ◽

The Individual

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First Insights into the Effect of Mycorrhizae on the Expression of Pathogen Effectors during the Infection of Grapevine with Plasmopara viticola

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13031226 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 1226

Author(s):

Ana Cruz-Silva ◽

Andreia Figueiredo ◽

Mónica Sebastiana

Keyword(s):

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Plasmopara Viticola ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

Wine Production ◽

Grapevine Downy Mildew ◽

Pathogen Effectors ◽

Rxlr Effectors ◽

Mycorrhizal Inoculation ◽

And Control

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), widely used for berry and wine production, is highly susceptible to the pathogenic oomycete Plasmopara viticola, the etiological agent of grapevine downy mildew disease. The method commonly used to prevent and control P. viticola infection relies on multiple applications of chemical fungicides. However, with European Union goals to lower the usage of such chemicals in viticulture there is a need to develop new and more sustainable strategies. The use of beneficial microorganisms with biocontrol capabilities, such as the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), has been pointed out as a viable alternative. With this study, we intended to investigate the effect of AMF colonization on the expression of P. viticola effectors during infection of grapevine. Grapevine plants were inoculated with the AMF Rhizophagus irregularis and, after mycorrhizae development, plants were infected with P. viticola. The expression of P. viticola RxLR effectors was analyzed by real-time PCR (qPCR) during the first hours of interaction. Results show that pre-mycorrhizal inoculation of grapevine alters the expression of several P. viticola effectors; namely, PvRxLR28, which presented decreased expression in mycorrhizal plants at the two time points post-infection tested. These results suggest that the pre-inoculation of grapevine with AMF could interfere with the pathogen’s ability to infect grapevine by modulation of pathogenicity effectors expression, supporting the hypothesis that AMF can be used to increase plant resistance to pathogens and promote more sustainable agriculture practices, particularly in viticulture.

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Biostimulatory Action of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Enhances Productivity, Functional and Sensory Quality in ‘Piennolo del Vesuvio’ Cherry Tomato Landraces

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10060911 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 911 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Petronia Carillo ◽

Angelos Kyratzis ◽

Marios C. Kyriacou ◽

Emilia Dell’Aversana ◽

Giovanna Marta Fusco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Specific Response ◽

Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽

Campania Region ◽

Protected Designation Of Origin

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are a promising tool to improve plant nutrient use efficiency (NUE) and tolerance against abiotic stresses. Moreover, AMF can potentially increase plant productivity and reduce the negative externalities of the agricultural sector. Our study aimed to elucidate whether AMF (containing Rhizoglomus irregulare and Funneliformis mosseae) could positively affect not only tomato growth and productivity but also the nutritional and nutraceutical quality of yellow-pigmented type (‘Giagiù’) and red-pigmented type (‘Lucariello’) tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.). These cherry tomatoes are landraces of the Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) ‘Pomodorino del Piennolo del Vesuvio’ (PPV), one of the most typical agricultural products of the Campania region (Southern Italy). AMF rose fruit yield by increasing the number of fruits per plant (+49% and +29% in ‘Giagiù’ and ‘Lucariello’, respectively) but not of the fruit mean mass. AMF increased lycopene (+40%), total ascorbic acid (TAA; +41%), alanine (+162%), gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA; +101%) and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; +53%) in ‘Lucariello’. In ‘Giagiù’, AMF increased calcium (+63%), zinc (+45%), ASP (+70%), GABA (+53%) and the essential amino acids arginine (+58%) and lysine (+45%), also indicating a genotype-specific response. In both landraces, AMF improved nutrient uptake and biosynthesis of important molecules involved in the control the oxidative stress and cellular pH. In addition to the beneficial effects of human health, the molecules influenced by the AMF treatment are expected to extend the shelf life of tomato fruits, thus further promoting the useful agronomic application of AMF for premium tomatoes marketed fresh or in pendulums (‘piennoli’).

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Advance and Prospect of Mycorrhizal Physic Nut

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.5381 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 518-523 ◽

pp. 5381-5384

Author(s):

Song Mei Shi ◽

Bo Tu ◽

Dai Jun Liu ◽

Xiao Hong Yang

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Biomass Energy ◽

Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽

Physic Nut ◽

Root Tips ◽

Gene Engineering ◽

Energy Plant

Physic nut (Jatropha curcas Linn., Euphorbiaceae) is one of the hottest biomass energy plant studied by scientists. This paper first reviewed the symbiosis relationship between physic nut and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The researches have showed that diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) exists around the rhizosphere of physic nut. The AMF hyphae colonize root tips of physic nut to develop arbuscular mycorrhizae. The construction of mycorrhizal symbiosis relationship improves the nutritional absorption, promotes the growth and development of seedlings, and enhance the stress tolerance capacity of physic nut. This paper also displays a prospect for mycorrhizal physic nut research in the future, such as mycorrhizal system, the molecular mechanism for stress resistance and gene engineering. As an important resource of biomass energy, mycorrhizal physic nut has a huge exploitation potential and practical value.

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Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Grass and Weed in Acidic Andosol

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.281.664 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 281 ◽

pp. 664-669

Author(s):

En Wu ◽

Guo Rong Xin ◽

Kazuo Sugawara

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Volcanic Ash ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

P Uptake ◽

Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽

Ph Gradients ◽

Anthoxanthum Odoratum ◽

Dactylis Glomerata L ◽

Positive Effect

With the aggravation of volcanic ash Andosol acidification, artificial forage grass Dactylis glomerata L. gradual degradation, replaced by weed plant Anthoxanthum odoratum L., but the mechanism is unclear. In order to reveal the mechanism, this study used Andosol soil as matrix, explored the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on D. glomerata and A. odoratum at different pH gradients in acidic Andosol by glasshouse experiment. The results show that the mycorrhizal colonization of D. glomerata strongly affected by soil pH, but the A. odoratum was not yet. The mycorrhizal symbiosis led to a positive effect on growth and P uptake of D. glomerata and A. odoratum. Consider to invasion and expansion of A. odoratum in severity acidic pasture is origin of this specificity on arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in acidic soil other than D. glomerata.

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Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Regulate Flowering of Hyacinths orientalis L. Anna Marie

Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture ◽

10.9755/ejfa.2018.v30.i2.1614 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 144 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M.-Miao Xie, Q.-Sheng Wu

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Flowering Time ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Host Plants ◽

Ornamental Plants ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Zeatin Riboside ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Flower Stem ◽

Mycorrhizal Inoculation

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) represent positive effects on growth performance, nutrient absorption and stressed tolerance of host plants, whereas it is not clear whether AMF can affect flowering traits of ornamental plants. In this work, Diversispora spurca, D. versiformis, and Funneliformis mosseae were applied to rhizosphere of potted hyacinth (Hyacinths orientalis L. Anna Marie) plants. After four months of mycorrhizal inoculation, root could be colonized by exogenous AMF species, varied from 38% to 49%, whilst F. mosseae had the best mycorrhizal status. Out of these AMF species used, only F. mosseae-inoculated plants recorded greater raceme length and biomass production of single flowerlet, raceme, and flower stem. F. mosseae also induced the flowering earlier in 2 days and prolonged flowering time for 3 days. D. versiformis postponed 2 days for flowering. Mycorrhizal plants recorded considerably higher acetic acid (IAA) and zeatin riboside (ZR) levels in flowers, irrespective of AMF species. F. mosseae-inoculated plants had significantly higher methyl jasmonate (MeJA) concentrations in flowers than other AMF- or non-AMF-treated plants. These results thereby conclude that F. mosseae can be used to regulate flowering of H. orientalis L. Anna Marie, including flowering earlier and prolonging flowering time, which is closely associated with IAA, ZR and MeJA levels in flowers.

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