scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Can Compensate for the Loss of Indigenous Microbial Communities to Support the Growth of Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.)

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Yu ◽  
Wei Xie ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Shubin Zhang ◽  
Youshan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Glycyrrhiza Uralensis ◽  
Soil Sterilization ◽  
Glycyrrhiza Uralensis Fisch ◽  
Unsterilized Soil

Soil microorganisms play important roles in nutrient mobilization and uptake of mineral nutrition in plants. Agricultural management, such as soil sterilization, can have adverse effects on plant growth because of the elimination of indigenous microorganisms. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are one of the most important beneficial soil microorganisms for plant growth. However, whether AM fungi can compensate for the loss of indigenous microbial communities to support plant growth and metabolism is largely unknown. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of AM fungi on plant growth and secondary metabolism in sterilized and unsterilized soil. We used liquorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.), an important medicinal plant as the host, which was inoculated with the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis or not and grown in unsterilized or sterilized soil. Plant photosynthesis traits, plant growth and nutrition level, concentrations of the secondary metabolites, and expression levels of biosynthesis genes were determined. The results showed that soil sterilization decreased plant growth, photosynthesis, and glycyrrhizin and liquiritin accumulation, and moreover, downregulated the expression of related biosynthesis genes. Inoculation with R. irregularis in sterilized soil offset the loss of indigenous microbial communities, resulting in plant growth and glycyrrhizin and liquiritin concentrations similar to those of plants grown in unsterilized soil. Thus, AM fungi could compensate for the loss of indigenous microbial communities by soil sterilization to support plant growth and secondary metabolism.

scholarly journals Tracking of Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticle Effects on Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Plant Growth, Pigments, Mineral Content and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonization

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 583
Author(s):  
Reda E. Abdelhameed ◽  
Nagwa I. Abu-Elsaad ◽  
Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef ◽  
Rabab A. Metwally
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Zinc Ferrite ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Nanocrystalline Structure ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
The Impact

Important gaps in knowledge remain regarding the potential of nanoparticles (NPs) for plants, particularly the existence of helpful microorganisms, for instance, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi present in the soil. Hence, more profound studies are required to distinguish the impact of NPs on plant growth inoculated with AM fungi and their role in NP uptake to develop smart nanotechnology implementations in crop improvement. Zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) NPs are prepared via the citrate technique and defined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as transmission electron microscopy for several physical properties. The analysis of the XRD pattern confirmed the creation of a nanocrystalline structure with a crystallite size equal to 25.4 nm. The effects of ZnFe2O4 NP on AM fungi, growth and pigment content as well as nutrient uptake of pea (Pisum sativum) plants were assessed. ZnFe2O4 NP application caused a slight decrease in root colonization. However, its application showed an augmentation of 74.36% and 91.89% in AM pea plant shoots and roots’ fresh weights, respectively, compared to the control. Moreover, the synthesized ZnFe2O4 NP uptake by plant roots and their contents were enhanced by AM fungi. These findings suggest the safe use of ZnFe2O4 NPs in nano-agricultural applications for plant development with AM fungi.

scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization and growth of Eremanthus incanus Less. in a highland field

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 412-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C. Pagano ◽  
M.N. Cabello ◽  
M.R. Scotti
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Gigaspora Margarita ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation ◽  
Highland Vegetation ◽  
Glomus Sp

This paper focuses on Eremanthus incanus Less. (Asteraceae), a common species of highland regions in Brazil. The effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) inoculation on plant growth (height and diameter) was evaluated. Roots were examined from individuals randomly selected from undisturbed areas of highland vegetation and from an experimental restored site. Results showed that E. incanus presented high AM colonization both in restored and undisturbed sites. Moreover, AM colonization was significantly higher in the inoculated treatment than in the non-inoculated one. The species presented Arum-type colonization and frequent production of vesicles, especially in the restored site. Arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation stimulated plant growth (height and diameter). Ten AM fungi (AMF) taxa were found in the studied rooting zones: Acaulospora spinosa, A. elegans, A. foveata, Acaulospora sp., Gigaspora margarita, Glomus sp., Dentiscutata biornata, D. cerradensis, Dentiscutata sp. and Racocetra verrucosa. These results revealed that AMF is a common and important component in highland vegetation in Brazil, and should be included in future restoration programs.

scholarly journals Detection of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in the Roots of Strawberry Plants Fertilized with Organic Bioproducts

2012 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Lisek ◽  
Lidia Sas Paszt ◽  
Beata Sumorok
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Universal Primers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
The Impact

Summary In organic farming, mineral fertilizers are replaced by various preparations to stimulate plant growth and development. Introduction of new biopreparations into horticultural production requires an assessment of their effects on the growth and yielding of plants. Among the important indicators of the impact on plants of beneficial microorganisms contained in bioproducts is determination of their effectiveness in stimulating the growth and yielding of plants. Moreover, confirmation of the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in the roots and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in the rhizosphere is also necessary. In addition to conventional methods, molecular biology techniques are increasingly used to allow detection and identification of AM fungi in plant roots. The aim of this study was identification and initial taxonomic classification of AM fungi in the roots of ‘Elkat’ strawberry plants fertilized with various biopreparations using the technique of nested PCR. Tests were performed on DNA obtained from the roots of ‘Elkat’ strawberry plants: not fertilized, treated with 10 different biopreparations, or fertilized with NPK. Amplification of the large subunit of ribosomal gene (LSU rDNA) was carried out using universal primers, and then, in the nested PCR reaction, primers specific for the fungi of the genera Glomus, Acaulospora, and Scutellospora were used. Colonization of strawberry roots by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was determined on the basis of the presence of DNA fragments of a size corresponding to the types of the fungi tested for. As a result of the analyses, the most reaction products characterizing AM fungi were found in the roots of plants treated with the preparation Florovit Eko. The least fragments characteristic of AM fungi were detected in the roots of plants fertilized with NPK, which confirms the negative impact of mineral fertilizers on the occurrence of mycorrhizal fungi in the roots of strawberry plants. The roots of plants fertilized with Tytanit differed from the control plants by the presence of one of the clusters of fungi of the genus Glomus and by the absence of a cluster of fungi of the genus Scutellospora. In the roots of plants treated with other biopreparations there were reaction products indicating the presence of fungi of the genera Glomus, Scutellospora and Acaulospora, like in the roots of the control plants. The results will be used to assess the suitability of microbiologically enriched biopreparations in horticultural production.

scholarly journals Multi-component symbiosis of Legumes with beneficial soil microbes: genetic and evolutionary basis of application in sustainable crop production

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-94
Author(s):  
Oksana Y Shtark ◽  
Aleksey U Borisov ◽  
Vladimir A Zhukov ◽  
Timofey A Nemankin ◽  
Igor A Tikhonovich
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Genetic System ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Leguminous Plants ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms

Leguminous plants have a genetic system that provides interaction with different beneficial soil microorganisms (BSM). The system has been formed on the basis of the genetic mechanisms that had arisen during the co-evolution of plants with arbuscular-mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and appeared to provide pre-adaptations for further evolution of interaction with various BSM. A concept of the use of BSM in sustainable agriculture is proposed, which postulates an establishment of the multi-component beneficial plant-microbe communities based on varieties of legumes with high potential for interaction with the BSM. 

The effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on total plant nitrogen uptake and nitrogen recovery from soil organic material

2013 ◽  
Vol 152 (3) ◽  
pp. 370-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. SAIA ◽  
E. BENÍTEZ ◽  
J. M. GARCÍA-GARRIDO ◽  
L. SETTANNI ◽  
G. AMATO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Uninoculated Control ◽  
Total Plant

SUMMARYArbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi increase nitrogen (N) uptake by their host plants, but their role in plant N capture from soil organic material is still unclear. In particular, it is not clear if AM fungi compete with the host plant for the N coming from the decomposing organic matter (OM), especially when the AM extraradical mycelium (ERM) and plant roots share the same soil volume. The goal of the present research was to study the effects of AM fungi on wheat N capture after the addition of 15N-labelled OM to soil. Durum wheat (Triticum durum) was grown under controlled conditions in a sand:soil mix and the following treatments were applied: (1) AM inoculation with Glomus mosseae and uninoculated control; and (2) soil amended with 15N-enriched maize leaves and unamended soil. The addition of OM reduced plant growth and N uptake. The AM fungi increased both plant growth and N uptake compared with uninoculated control plants and the effect was enhanced when wheat was grown in soil amended with OM compared with the unamended control. Although AM fungi increased soil N mineralization rates and total plant N uptake, they strongly reduced wheat N recovery from OM, suggesting that AM fungi have marked effects on competition between plants and bacteria for the different N sources in soil.

scholarly journals Mycorrhizal Fungi Enhance Resistance to Herbivores in Tomato Plants with Reduced Jasmonic Acid Production

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludovico Formenti ◽  
Sergio Rasmann
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Fungal Inoculation

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi favor plant growth by improving nutrient acquisition, but also by increasing their resistance against abiotic and biotic stressors, including herbivory. Mechanisms of AM fungal mediated increased resistance include a direct effect of AM fungi on plant vigor, but also a manipulation of the hormonal cascades, such as the systemic activation of jasmonic acid (JA) dependent defenses. However, how AM fungal inoculation and variation in the endogenous JA production interact to produce increased resistance against insect herbivores remains to be further elucidated. To address this question, three genotypes of Solanum lycopersicum L., a JA-biosynthesis deficient mutant, a JA over-accumulating mutant, and their wild-type were either inoculated with AM fungi or left un-inoculated. Plant growth-related traits and resistance against Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) caterpillars, a major crop pest, were measured. Overall, we found that deficiency in JA production reduced plant development and were the least resistant against S. littoralis. Moreover, AM fungi increased plant resistance against S. littoralis, but such beneficial effect was more pronounced in JA-deficient plant than on JA over-accumulating plants. These results highlight that AM fungi-driven increased plant resistance is negatively affected by the ability of plants to produce JA and that AM fungi complement JA-mediated endogenous plant defenses in this system.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and associated microbial communities from dry grassland do not improve plant growth on abandoned field soil

Oecologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 186 (3) ◽  
pp. 677-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Pánková ◽  
Clémentine Lepinay ◽  
Jana Rydlová ◽  
Alena Voříšková ◽  
Martina Janoušková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Dry Grassland ◽  
Abandoned Field

The effect of co-inoculation of pea plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobium on the nodulation, growth and productivity.

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4954
Author(s):  
Shinde B. P. ◽  
Jaya Thakur*
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Nodule Biomass ◽  
Rhizobium Spp ◽  
Dual Inoculation

Soil microorganisms can be used to decrease the input of fertilizers, pesticides and other chemicals. Among soil microorganisms, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Rhizobium spp. can promote plant growth. Integration of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus with Rhizobium spp. thus appears to be a promising approach for sustainable agriculture. The study evaluated the response of pea (Pisum sativum) to AMF species Glomus fasciculatum and Glomus intraradix and Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viceae, regarding the growth, nodulation and yield. Pea plants were grown in pots until the flowering stage (35 days). Five replicates of control, with Rhizobium and mycorrhiza alone and the dual inoculation of Rhizobium and AMF were maintained during present studies. The obtained results demonstrated that the dual inoculation of pea plants significantly increased the plant growth, nodule biomass and nodule number in comparison with single inoculation with AMF and Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viceae.

Effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi with and without rock phosphate on four forest tree seedlings

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 5204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharanappa Jangandi ◽  
Chaitra B. Negalur* ◽  
Mr. Narayan ◽  
H. C. Lakshman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽  
Vigorous Plant

The effect of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria Bacillus polymyxa and AM-mycorrhizal fungi Rhizophagus fasciculatus with and without rock phosphate treatments on growth of Terminalia paniculata and T. tomentosa were studied in nursery. The results showed that the combined inoculation of both PSB, AM fungi and rock phosphate produced vigorous plant growth of tree seedlings for quick planting. The experiments clearly demonstrated that the combined inoculation of PSB and AM fungi brought marked increase in plant growth, dry matter, and P uptake when, compared to individual inoculants or non-inoculated plants. The increase in growth was attributed to the increase in P uptake in shoots of the seedlings. The results indicated that both organisms have synergistic effect with additional 250 mg RP/kg rock phosphate treatment for T.paniculata Roth. and 150 mgRP/kg for T.tomentosa W.& A. in green house conditions.

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