scholarly journals Physical Dormancy Release in Medicago truncatula Seeds Is Related to Environmental Variations

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Renzi ◽  
Martin Duchoslav ◽  
Jan Brus ◽  
Iveta Hradilová ◽  
Vilém Pechanec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Dormancy Release ◽  
Hormone Regulation ◽  
Physical Dormancy ◽  
Variable Environments ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Environmental Variations ◽  
Metabolite Synthesis

Seed dormancy and timing of its release is an important developmental transition determining the survival of individuals, populations, and species in variable environments. Medicago truncatula was used as a model to study physical seed dormancy at the ecological and genetics level. The effect of alternating temperatures, as one of the causes releasing physical seed dormancy, was tested in 178 M. truncatula accessions over three years. Several coefficients of dormancy release were related to environmental variables. Dormancy varied greatly (4–100%) across accessions as well as year of experiment. We observed overall higher physical dormancy release under more alternating temperatures (35/15 °C) in comparison with less alternating ones (25/15 °C). Accessions from more arid climates released dormancy under higher experimental temperature alternations more than accessions originating from less arid environments. The plasticity of physical dormancy can probably distribute the germination through the year and act as a bet-hedging strategy in arid environments. On the other hand, a slight increase in physical dormancy was observed in accessions from environments with higher among-season temperature variation. Genome-wide association analysis identified 136 candidate genes related to secondary metabolite synthesis, hormone regulation, and modification of the cell wall. The activity of these genes might mediate seed coat permeability and, ultimately, imbibition and germination.

scholarly journals Seed Dormancy: Molecular Control of Its Induction and Alleviation

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel J. Matilla
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
H2o2 Production ◽  
Dormancy Release ◽  
Hormone Regulation ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Physical Dormancy ◽  
Molecular Control ◽  
Metabolite Synthesis

A set of seed dormancy traits is included in this Special Issue. Thus, DELAY OF GERMINATION1 (DOG1) is reviewed in depth. Binding of DOG1 to Protein Phosphatase 2C ABSCISIC ACID (PP2C ABA) Hypersensitive Germination (AHG1) and heme are independent processes, but both are essential for DOG1’s function in vivo. AHG1 and DOG1 constitute a regulatory system for dormancy and germination. DOG1 affects the ABA INSENSITIVE5 (ABI5) expression level. Moreover, reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis is linked with seed after-ripening (AR) process and the oxidation of a portion of seed long-lived (SLL) mRNAs seems to be related to dormancy release. The association of SLL mRNAs to monosomes is required for their transcriptional upregulation at the beginning of germination. Global DNA methylation levels remain stable during dormancy, decreasing when germination occurs. The remarkable intervention of auxin in the life of the seed is increasingly evident year after year. Here, its synergistic cooperation with ABA to promote the dormancy process is extensively reviewed. ABI3 participation in this process is critical. New data on the effect of alternating temperatures (ATs) on dormancy release are contained in this Special Issue. On the one hand, the transcriptome patterns stimulated at ATs comprised ethylene and ROS signaling and metabolism together with ABA degradation. On the other hand, a higher physical dormancy release was observed in Medicago truncatula under 35/15 °C than under 25/15 °C, and genome-wide association analysis identified 136 candidate genes related to secondary metabolite synthesis, hormone regulation, and modification of the cell wall. Finally, it is suggested that changes in endogenous γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) may prevent chestnut germination, and a possible relation with H2O2 production is considered.

scholarly journals Plasticity of Medicago truncatula seed dormancy relates to large-scale environment variation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Renzi ◽  
Martin Duchoslav ◽  
Jan Brus ◽  
Iveta Hradilová ◽  
Vilém Pechanec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Association Analysis ◽  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Dormancy Release ◽  
Bet Hedging ◽  
Genome Wide Association Analysis ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Plastic Responses

AbstractSeed dormancy and timing of its release is important developmental transition determining the survival of individual as well as population and species. We used Medicago truncatula as model to study legume seed dormancy in ecological and genomics context. The effect of oscillating temperatures as one of the dormancy release factor was tested over the period of 88 days on the set of 178 accessions originating from variable environmental conditions of Mediterranean basin. Phenotypic plasticity of final dormancy was significantly correlated with increased aridity, suggesting that plastic responses to external stimuli provide seeds with strong bet-hedging capacity and the potential to cope with high levels of environmental heterogeneity. Genome-wide association analysis identified candidate genes associated with dormancy release related to secondary metabolites synthesis, hormone regulation and modification of the cell wall likely mediating seed coat permeability and ultimately imbibition and germination.HighlightMedicago seed dormancy was correlated with increased aridity of the environment, suggesting that plastic responses provide seeds with a bet-hedging capacity. Genome-wide association analysis identified candidate genes associated with release from dormancy.

Expression Analysis of Genes Involved in Peanut Seed Dormancy Release (Arachis hypogaeaL.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing CHEN ◽  
Ling JIANG ◽  
Chun-Ming WANG ◽  
Xiao-Hui HU ◽  
Hu-Qu ZHAI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Dormancy Release ◽  
Peanut Seed

Seed dormancy in four Tibetan Plateau Vicia species and characterization of physiological changes in response of seeds to environmental factors

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowen Hu ◽  
Tingshan Li ◽  
Juan Wang ◽  
Yanrong Wang ◽  
Carol C. Baskin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Physical Dormancy ◽  
High Germination ◽  
One Year ◽  
Hydrotime Model ◽  
Aba Biosynthesis

AbstractAlthough seed dormancy of temperate legumes is well understood, less is known about it in species that grow in subalpine/alpine areas. This study investigated dormancy and germination of four Vicia species from the Tibetan Plateau. Fresh seeds of V. sativa were permeable to water, whereas those of V. angustifolia, V. amoena and V. unijuga had physical dormancy (PY). One year of dry storage increased the proportion of impermeable seeds in V. angustifolia, but showed no effect on seed coat permeability in V. amoena or V. unijuga. Seeds of all four species also had non-deep physiological dormancy (PD), which was especially apparent in the two annuals at a high germination temperature (20°C). After 1 year of storage, PD had been lost. The hydrotime model showed that fresh seeds obtained a significantly higher median water potential [Ψb(50)] than stored seeds, implying that PD prevents germination in winter for seeds dispersed without PY when water availability is limited. After 6 months on the soil surface in the field, a high proportion of permeable seeds remained ungerminated, further suggesting that PD plays a key role in preventing germination after dispersal. Addition of fluridone, an inhibitor of abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis, evened-out the differences in germination between fresh and stored seeds, which points to the key role of ABA biosynthesis in maintaining dormancy. Further, fresh seeds were more sensitive to exogenous ABA than stored seeds, indicating that storage decreased embryo sensitivity to ABA. On the other hand, the gibberellic acid GA3 increased germination rate, which implies that embryo sensitivity to GA is also involved in seed dormancy regulation. This study showed that PY, PD or their combination (PY+PD) plays a key role in timing germination after dispersal, and that different intensities of dormancy occur among these four Vicia species from the Tibetan Plateau.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Medicago truncatula Small RNA Analysis Revealed Novel MicroRNAs and Isoforms Differentially Regulated in Roots and Nodules

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 2780-2796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Lelandais-Brière ◽  
Loreto Naya ◽  
Erika Sallet ◽  
Fanny Calenge ◽  
Florian Frugier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Small Rna ◽  
Rna Analysis ◽  
Genome Wide

scholarly journals Effects of Different Pretreatments and Seed Coat on Dormancy and Germination of Seeds of Senna obtusifolia (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby (Fabaceae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Stephen I. Mensah ◽  
Chimezie Ekeke
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Physical Dormancy ◽  
Senna Obtusifolia

<p class="1Body">The seed dormancy of <em>Senna obtusifolia</em> was investigated through various methods, namely pretreatments in concentrated sulfuric acid, 2% potassium nitrate (KNO<sub>3</sub>), 99% ethanol, 99% methanol, and in hydrogen perioxide; examination of the seed coverings; and the determination of water uptake by the seeds in order to ascertain the most effective technique for breaking dormancy and also determine the dormancy type. The results showed that sulfuric acid treatment recorded the highest germination (100%); followed by 2% hydrogen peroxide treatment (24%) in 15minutes immersion. The methanol and ethanol pretreatments gave 18.33% and 16.5% germinations respectively. Pretreatment in 2% potassium nitrate gave the lowest germination (8.50%), while the intact seeds of <em>S. obtusifiolia</em> (control) gave 0% germination. The anatomy of the seed coat indicated the presence of hard, thickened and specialized cells of cuticle, macrosclereids, osteoscereids, and disintegrated parenchyma layers. The water uptake of intact seeds was low (13.5%) after 24 hr imbibitions. These findings revealed that the seed coat acts as barrier to germination by preventing water absorption, possibly gaseous diffusion in and out of the seed and conferring mechanical resistance to the protrusion of embryo. Pretreatments, such as immersion in H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4 </sub>will soften the seed coat and permit germination. Seed dormancy in <em>S. obtusifolia </em>can be considered of physical nature and classified as physical dormancy. The results obtained in this study may serve as useful information in the production and improvement of <em>S. obtusifolia </em>seedlings, as knowledge on seed dormancy and germination is a critical factor and requirements to the understanding of the propagation of this plant either in situ or ex-situ, in view of the economic potentials/attributes of this species.</p>

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the VQ gene family in Cicer arietinum and Medicago truncatula

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Ling ◽  
Yue Qu ◽  
Jintao Zhu ◽  
Dan Wang ◽  
Changhong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
In Silico Analyses

Valine-glutamine (VQ) proteins are plant-specific proteins that play crucial roles in plant development as well as biotic and abiotic stress responses. VQ genes have been identified in various plants; however, there are no systematic reports in Cicer arietinum or Medicago truncatula. Herein, we identified 19 and 32 VQ genes in C. arietinum and M. truncatula, respectively. A total of these VQ genes were divided into eight groups (I–VIII) based on phylogenetic analysis. Gene structure analyses and motif patterns revealed that these VQ genes might have originated from a common ancestor. In silico analyses demonstrated that these VQ genes were expressed in different tissues. qRT-PCR analysis indicated that the VQ genes were differentially regulated during multiple abiotic stresses. This report presents the first systematic analysis of VQ genes from C. arietinum and M. truncatula and provides a solid foundation for further research of the specific functions of VQ proteins.

scholarly journals Genome-wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Autophagy-related Genes (ATGs) in Medicago Truncatula

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingkang Yang ◽  
Liping Wang ◽  
Xu Guo ◽  
Chuanglie Lin ◽  
Wei Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Interaction Network ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Abiotic Stress Response ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Gene Structures

Abstract Background: Autophagy is a highly conserved degradation process of cytoplasmic constituents in eukaryotes. Autophagy is known to be involved in the regulation of plant growth and development, as well as biotic and abiotic stress response. Although autophagy-related genes (ATGs) have been identified and characterized in many plant species, little is known about the autophagy process in Medicago truncatula. Results: In this study, 39 ATGs were identified in M. truncatula (MtATGs), and the gene structures and conserved domains of MtATGs were systematically characterized. In addition, many cis-elements which are related to hormone and stress responsiveness were identified in the promoters of MtATGs. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis and interaction network analysis suggested that the function of MtATGs is evolutionarily conserved in Arabidopsis and M. truncatula. Gene expression analysis showed that most MtATGs were largely induced during seed development, but repressed by nodulation. Moreover, MtATGs were up-regulated in response to salt and drought stresses.Conclusion: These results provide a comprehensive overview of the MtATGs, which provided important clues for further functional analysis of autophagy in M. truncatula.

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