scholarly journals Is the Tolerance of Commercial Peach Cultivars to Brown Rot Caused by Monilinia laxa Modulated by its Antioxidant Content?

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 589
Author(s):  
Vitus I. Obi ◽  
Joaquín Montenegro ◽  
Juan J. Barriuso ◽  
Fayza Saidani ◽  
Christophe Aubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Fruit Traits ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Artificial Fruit ◽  
Peach Breeding

Brown rot, caused by Monilinia spp., provokes pre- and post-harvest damage in peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch), which causes an economic impact in the industry. With a view to breeding for increased tolerance to this disease, a screening test based upon artificial fruit inoculation was validated on several parental lines of a peach breeding program during the two-period harvest. In addition, cultivars with different total phenolic contents were included in the two-year study. All physicochemical fruit traits recorded at harvest showed differences among all cultivars. The antioxidant compound content determined using spectrophotometry (to measure ascorbic acid and antioxidant capacity) and UPLC-MS (to measure and identify phenolic compounds) also revealed important differences among all genotypes. The rate of brown rot lesion following fruit inoculation varied widely among cultivars, and it was possible to discriminate between highly and less susceptible cultivars. Cultivars with minimal development of damage were identified as germplasm with the desirable allele combination to increase brown rot tolerance in peach breeding programs. Finally, Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r) between pairs of variables were calculated, searching for any biochemical candidate conferring tolerance. The correlation of phytopathological traits with the antioxidant composition, concerning contents of ascorbic, neochlorogenic, and chlorogenic acids and total polyphenols in fruit, is discussed.

scholarly journals Estimated Implementation Costs of DNA-informed Breeding in a Peach Breeding Program

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth D. Wannemuehler ◽  
Chengyan Yue ◽  
William W. Shane ◽  
R. Karina Gallardo ◽  
Vicki McCracken
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Implementation Costs ◽  
Peach Breeding ◽  
Additional Costs

Marker-assisted selection (MAS) use in breeding programs allows for examination of seedlings at an early stage before accumulation of high field costs. However, introducing MAS into a breeding program implies additional costs and uncertainties about effective incorporation. Previous simulations in apple (Malus ×domestica) have shown cost-effective applications of MAS. To further evaluate MAS cost-effectiveness in perennial crops, we conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis examining MAS in an upper midwestern U.S. peach (Prunus persica) breeding program. Breeding program procedures and associated costs were collected and used as input into spreadsheet-based simulations of the breeding program. Simulations compared a conventional breeding program to MAS with varying cull rates of low, medium, and high at multiple stages in the breeding cycle. Cost-effective MAS implementation was identified at the end of seedling trials with a break-even cull rate of 4%. These results inform breeders of cost-effectiveness of MAS use in a peach breeding program.

scholarly journals Genetic Transformation in Peach (Prunus persica L.): Challenges and Ways Forward

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 971
Author(s):  
Angela Ricci ◽  
Silvia Sabbadini ◽  
Humberto Prieto ◽  
Isabel MG Padilla ◽  
Chris Dardick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Transformation ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Genetic System ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Transformation System ◽  
General Applicability ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Peach Breeding ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
High Quality Genome

Almost 30 years have passed since the first publication reporting regeneration of transformed peach plants. Nevertheless, the general applicability of genetic transformation of this species has not yet been established. Many strategies have been tested in order to obtain an efficient peach transformation system. Despite the amount of time and the efforts invested, the lack of success has significantly limited the utility of peach as a model genetic system for trees, despite its relatively short generation time; small, high-quality genome; and well-studied genetic resources. Additionally, the absence of efficient genetic transformation protocols precludes the application of many biotechnological tools in peach breeding programs. In this review, we provide an overview of research on regeneration and genetic transformation in this species and summarize novel strategies and procedures aimed at producing transgenic peaches. Promising future approaches to develop a robust peach transformation system are discussed, focusing on the main bottlenecks to success including the low efficiency of A. tumefaciens-mediated transformation, the low level of correspondence between cells competent for transformation and those that have regenerative competence, and the high rate of chimerism in the few shoots that are produced following transformation.

scholarly journals Optical Properties and Antioxidant Activity of Water-Ethanolic Extracts from Sempervivum tectorum L. from Bulgaria

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 520
Author(s):  
Galia Gentscheva ◽  
Irina Karadjova ◽  
Stefka Minkova ◽  
Krastena Nikolova ◽  
Velichka Andonova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Folk Remedy ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts

Sempervivum tectorum L. is an evergreen plant belonging to a large family of the Crassulaceae. The fresh juice of the plant is used as a folk remedy almost exclusively for external purposes. The combination of several instrumental methods—transmission and fluorescence spectroscopy, ICP-MS spectrometry, and assays for the assessment of antioxidant activities were used for the characterization of water-ethanolic extracts from the leaves of Sempervivum tectorum L. with different polarities (ethanol content in the extracts varied between 10% and 95%). The highest total phenolic content was found in the 50% ethanol extract—0.84 ± 0.08 mg GAE/mL. Furthermore, this extract also possessed the highest antioxidant potential evaluated by DPPH and FRAP assays—7.02 ± 0.71 mM TE/mL and 6.15 ± 0.25 mM TE/mL, respectively. High correlation coefficients were found between the total phenolic contents and the antioxidant activities of water-ethanolic extracts from Sempervivum tectorum L. The same is true for the strong relationship between the phenolic contents and the concentrations of Na and K. Most likely, the bioavailable species of elements such as Fe, Zn, Ca, and Mg are mostly aqueous soluble. For all the studied extracts, the toxic element (As, Cd, Pb, Tl, Hg) contents are very much below the permissible limits for pharmaceutical products. On the contrary, the concentrations of compounds such as β-carotene and chlorophyll increase with the increase in ethanol in the extract. Results from this study may be used for the preliminary prognosis of pharmaceutical applications of extracts from Sempervivum tectorum L.

scholarly journals Large Variation Found in the Phytochemical and Antioxidant Activity of Peach and Plum Germplasm

2007 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia Vizzotto ◽  
Luis Cisneros-Zevallos ◽  
David H. Byrne ◽  
David W. Ramming ◽  
W.R. Okie
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Wide Range

Nineteen peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] genotypes and 45 plum (Prunus salicina Erhr. and hybrids) genotypes with different flesh and skin color were analyzed for their antioxidant content and activity. Anthocyanin content, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity were higher in red-flesh than in light-colored flesh peaches. Carotenoid content was higher in yellow-flesh peaches than in light-colored ones. Red-flesh plums generally had higher anthocyanin and phenolic contents than the other plums but not necessarily greater antioxidant capacity. The total phenolic content had the most consistent and highest correlation with antioxidant activity, indicating that it is more important in determining the antioxidant activity of peaches and plums than are the anthocyanin or carotenoid contents. In general, the wide range of phytochemical content and antioxidant activity found indicates that the genetic variability present can be used to develop cultivars with enhanced health benefits.

Determination of Antioxidant Activities and Total Phenolic Contents of Three Cyanobacterial Species

2014 ◽  
Vol 625 ◽  
pp. 826-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamdy Elsayed Ahmed Ali ◽  
Sanaa Mahmoud Metwally Shanab ◽  
Mervat Aly Mohamed Abo-State ◽  
Emad Ahmed Ahmed Shalaby ◽  
Usama Mohamed Nour El Demerdash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Cyanobacterial Species ◽  
Dpph Scavenging

The antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of different extracts (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol (70%) and water) of three tested cyanobacterial species (Phormidium sp., Oscillatoria sp. and Nostoc muscorum ) were evaluated, using 2,2 ́-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging method and Folin–Ciocalteu method, respectively. The ethanolic extract of Oscillatoria sp. possessed the highest antioxidant activity (69.13±0.35 %) and therefore could be potential source of natural antioxidants. The correlation coefficients between the antioxidant activities and the phenolic contents were very small in most of extracts (R2 = 0.0291-0.2934). However, the water extract demonstrated relatively higher value (R2= 0.7446). Thus, phenolic compounds may not be considered the major contributors for the antioxidant activities of these cyanobacterial species. So, other antioxidant substances may be present in the extract and share in this activity.

Colorimetric determination of total phenolic contents in ionic liquid extracts by paper microzones and digital camera

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 3193-3199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiina Aid ◽  
Mihkel Kaljurand ◽  
Merike Vaher
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Colorimetric Determination ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Total Phenolic Contents

A rapid colorimetric paper microzone assay of total polyphenols in ionic liquid extracts was developed and validated.

SKRINING FITOKIMIA DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DAN ANTITUMOR 20 TUMBUHAN OBAT ASAL KABUPATEN MANOKWARI

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bimo Budi Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Total Phenolic Contents

<strong><em>Flavanoid, steroid, and terpenoid contents of 20 Manokwari medicinal plants were analyzed.  The antioxidant activity, total phenolic contents and antitumor activity of 20 Manokwari medicinal plants were also evaluated. The result shows that 83% positif to flavanoid test, 59% positif to terpenoid test and only 25% positif steroid. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic contents evaluated using Ferric Thiocianate (FTC) and Folin-Ciocalteu methods respectively. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic contents of medicinal plants were extracted by the traditional method, boiling in water and also in 80% methanol. Twenty plants evaluated in both exstracts have significantly varies of antioxidant activities and phenolic contents,  A significant and linier correlation coefficient between the antioxidant activity and the total phenolic content was found in both aqueous (R<sup>2</sup>= 0,77) and methanol (R<sup>2</sup> = 0,85). Antitumor activity was tested using cell maurine P-388 and only 2 of medicinal plants are active to inhibit cell maurine P-388. Comparing extraction efficiency of the two methods, the methanol extracted phenolic compounds more efficiently, and antioxidant activity of the extract was higher.</em></strong>

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