Achene Morphology and Anatomy of Clematis L. (Ranunculaceae) in Korea and Its Taxonomic Implications

Clematis, a widely distributed genus in Ranunculaceae, is one of the most difficult groups of taxa in the family from a taxonomic point of view. A comprehensive study on achene morphology and the anatomy of 19 taxa of Clematis from Korea was carried out using scanning electron and light microscopy to evaluate the taxonomic significance of achene characters. Clematis achenes are elliptical, obovate or fusiform in shape, light yellow or brown to black in color and completely or sparsely covered with hairs. The permanent style is elongated and plumose in all the studied taxa except C. brachyura. We found that the size, indument, permanent style, surface sculpture, shape in cross-section, and nature and thickness of the exocarp, and endocarp were valuable achene features for species delimitation and may contribute to the unraveling of the taxonomic problems in the genus Clematis. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that the quantitative achene variables among the species were highly significant (p < 0.001). Principal component analyses based on seven quantitative characters and UPGMA (unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean) analysis based on seven quantitative and 18 qualitative characters also signify the utility of achene features for taxonomic discriminations of the Clematis taxa within the genus. Similar to other morphological characters in the genus Clematis, achene morphological and anatomical characters with the limited taxonomic value alone cannot be expected to resolve the infrageneric relationships but certain achene features combined with other morphological features could be useful as an alternative means of determining the infrageneric relationships within the genus.

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Morphological variation of plantain squirrel Callosciurus notatus (Boddaert, 1785) (Rodentia: Sciuridae) population in West Sumatra, Indonesia

Asian Journal of Forestry ◽

10.13057/asianjfor/r040202 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Ruhama Maya Sari ◽

Hon Tjong Djong ◽

DEWI IMELDA ROESMA

Keyword(s):

Morphological Variation ◽

Measurement Data ◽

Principal Component ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Group Method ◽

Morphometric Measurement ◽

Arithmetic Average ◽

Pair Group ◽

Morphological Measurement ◽

West Sumatra

Abstract. Tjong DH, Sari RM, Roesma DI. 2020. Morphological variation of plantain squirrel Callosciurus notatus (Boddaert, 1785) (Rodentia: Sciuridae) population in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Asian J For 21: 54-60. A study about the morphological variation of plantain squirrel among several populations in West Sumatra has been done in West Sumatra. There were 38 specimens of C. notatus collected from Padang, Lubuk Basung, Sangir, and Baso by using a survey and direct collection method. The morphometric measurement was conducted in the Laboratory of Genetic and Biomolecular, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Andalas University. Morphological measurement data based on 21 external characters and 35 skull characters were analyzed by the Kruskall Wallis test, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Unweighted Pair Group Method Arithmetic Average (UPGMA). The result showed that there was morphological variation in ten body characters and nine skull characters. It is necessary to do further research to determine what environmental factors specifically influence certain morphological characters.

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Palynological observations on the genus Gundelia L. (Asteraceae) growing in Turkey

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.502.1.3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 502 (1) ◽

pp. 51-66

Author(s):

MEHMET FIRAT ◽

SELAMI SELVİ

Keyword(s):

Pollen Morphology ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Principal Component ◽

Polar Axis ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Group Method ◽

Pair Group ◽

Equatorial Diameter ◽

Polar Diameter ◽

And Cluster Analysis

The pollen morphology of 17 taxa of Gundelia, of which 13 taxa are endemic to Turkey, was investigated by light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In this study, the pollen morphology of 16 taxa except G. tournefortii was investigated for the first time. The quantitative data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and multivariate statistics. The pollen grains are oblate spheroidal and prolate spheroidal in shape with the polar diameter of 37.01–61.2 μm and the equatorial diameter of 31.2–63.4 μm. The smallest pollen grains were observed in G. anatolica, G. rosea and G. tournefortii, while the largest pollen grains were observed in G. vitekii, G. komagenensis and G. colemerikensis. Pollen ornamentation is echinate in LM and echinate-microperforate in SEM. Statistically, the relationships between pollen characters of the examined taxa were identified using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Clustering Analyzis. In addition, a dendrogram was constructed by applying UPGMA based on the determined 15 pollen morphological characters, and the degree of their relationship was discussed. Polar axis, equatorial diameter and colpus length were the major explanations of the pollen morphological characters’ total variation in PCA. Pair group method was used to divide the main pollen taxa into three groups based on the pollen morphology by using arithmetic averages analysis (PCA scatterplot and cluster analysis). As a result, the pollen shape, polar axis, equatorial diameter and spine length were important characters distingushing the taxa from each other. We found some matches and mismatches between pollen and morphological characters, whose significance requires further study.

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GENETIC VARIABILITY OF INDONESIAN PAPAYA ACCESSIONS AS REVEALED BY RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION

Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.21082/ijas.v20n1.2019.p1-8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Riry Prihatini ◽

Tri Budiyanti ◽

Noflindawati Noflindawati

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽

Principal Component ◽

Accurate Method ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Morphological Characterization ◽

Fruit Shape ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Group Method ◽

Pair Group

<p class="abstrakinggris">Diverse papaya (<em>Carica</em> sp.) accessions are found in many regions in Indonesia, but their genetic diversity have not yet been studied. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) is a simple yet accurate method that can be used to examine the genetic diversity of papaya. The study aimed to examine the genetic diversity of Indonesian papaya accessions using RAPD markers and morphological characters. The RAPD was applied on 23 papaya accessions using 30 primers. The appearing bands were further analyzed with the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The molecular results were then compared to the fruit morphological data, including fruit shape, size, flesh color, texture, and flavor. The RAPD analysis revealed that the 23 papaya accessions clustered into six main clades with Dice-Sorensen coefficient similarity ranged from 0.71 to 0.98. The first group consisted of 11 accessions, including both the hybrids and local accessions. The second group consisted of eight accessions especially six Indonesian hybrids, a Mexican Hybrid and a Hawaiian hybrid. The other four groups had a single member namely Sicincin Panjang, Lokal Sumani, Cariso, and Carica. The molecular grouping, however, did not align with the fruit character grouping. Overall, it was implied that the Indonesian papaya accessions were genetically narrow, of which some accessions were closely related to Hawaiian and Mexican accessions. These results can be used as a reference on papaya crossbreeding program in Indonesia.</p>

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Morphological variation in the genus Juliomys (Rodentia: Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) and taxonomic status of Juliomys anoblepas (Winge 1887) from the Quaternary of Southeast Brazil

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4861.3.9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4861 (3) ◽

pp. 429-443

Author(s):

CAROLINA PIRES ◽

MARCELO WEKSLER ◽

CIBELE R. BONVICINO

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Morphological Variation ◽

Morphological Analysis ◽

Principal Component ◽

Taxonomic Status ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

The Other ◽

Anterior Portion ◽

Living Species ◽

Qualitative Characters

The region of Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais, Brazil, is one of the most important karstic areas of the Brazilian Quaternary due to the faunistic diversity of living and extinct forms. Among them, some taxa remain poorly studied, as is the case of Calomys anoblepas Winge 1887. Despite the recent allocation of the taxon within Juliomys, its description and morphological analysis are condensed, based on comparative few specimens and on few informative characters. In this study, we investigate characters proposed to distinguish species of Juliomys, and reevaluate the taxonomic status of the fossil Juliomys anoblepas. We analyzed 80 cranio-dental morphological characters in 233 specimens represented by the four species currently recognized: J. pictipes (Osgood 1933), J. rimofrons Oliveira & Bonvicino 2002, J. ossitenuis Costa, Pavan, Leite & Fagundes 2007, and J. ximenezi Christoff, Vieira, Oliveira, Gonçalves, Valiati & Tomasi 2016. We also performed principal component analysis on eight craniodental measurements available for the J. anoblepas hypodigm. The review of morphological systems and the evaluation of the characters used in the literature revealed that there are no diagnostic characters in the anterior portion of the skull and in the molar series of Juliomys, being difficult to differentiate the fossil from the other living species. Only six qualitative characters were variable and applicable to the hypodigm of J. anoblepas. Characters are polymorphic, invariable, or the fossil is not sufficiently complete to determinate its states. The taxon could not be morphometrically differentiated from J. pictipes and J. ossitenuis. Based on the results presented herein, we consider J. anoblepas as a nomen dubium and restrict its name to the taxon’s hypodigm.

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New insights on the taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of the Neotropical genus Phoebis (Pieridae: Coliadinae) revealed by molecular and morphological data

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4457.1.10 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4457 (1) ◽

pp. 179 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

LEIDYS MURILLO-RAMOS ◽

RENZO HERNÁNDEZ TORRES ◽

RAYNER NÚÑEZ ÁGUILA ◽

ROGER AYAZO

Keyword(s):

Morphological Characters ◽

Point Of View ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Caribbean Region ◽

Greater Antilles ◽

Data Set ◽

Mitochondrial Coi ◽

The Matrix ◽

Taxonomic Point

Phoebis Hübner (1819) is a genus of the Neotropical subfamily Coliadinae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). The highest diversity is found in the Greater Antilles islands in the Caribbean region. Although from the taxonomic point of view, Phoebis seems to be a stable genus, there is no phylogenetic hypothesis corroborating the monophyly of the genus. In this study, we used both morphological characters and a genetic dataset consisting of one mitochondrial (COI) and three nuclear markers (RpS5, MDH, Wingless). The matrix was concatenated and analysed with parsimony under implied weights (IW). Also, the concatenated data set was analysed using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference evolutionary methods, and ancestral states reconstruction with characters traditionally used for classification of Phoebis was carried out. The same topology was recovered by Parsimony, ML and BI analysis, and suggest that Phoebis is not a monophyletic genus, with Aphrissa and Rhabdodryas nested within it. Our findings allow us to consider the genera Rhabdodryas syn.rev. and Aphrissa syn.rev. to be synonyms of Phoebis. These results have implications for the systematics of Phoebis and the genera that should be accepted in Coliadinae.

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Numerical taxonomy contributes to delimitation of Iranian and Turkish Hesperis L. (Brassicaceae) species

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.367.2.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 367 (2) ◽

pp. 101 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

ATENA ESLAMI FAROUJI ◽

HAMED KHODAYARI ◽

MOSTAFA ASSADI ◽

BARIŞ ÖZÜDOĞRU ◽

ÖZLEM ÇETIN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Distance Matrix ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Resolving Power ◽

Group Method ◽

Morphological Descriptors ◽

Operational Taxonomic Units ◽

Pair Group ◽

Species Circumscription ◽

Taxonomic Descriptions ◽

Brassicaceae Species

Taxonomic descriptions of Iranian and Turkish Hesperis (Brassicaceae) species are generally insufficient and partly incomplete, which makes the species delimitation ambiguous. In order to clarify species circumscription, we scored 57 morphological descriptors (MDs) in 121 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of Hesperis from Iran and Turkey and performed a multivariate analysis. The dendrogram was created from Gower’s distance matrix using Unweighted Pair Group Method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) algorithm. The dendrogram clearly separates the 121 OTUs of Hesperis into five main phenons, which significantly deviate from the classical taxonomic treatment (sectional assignments) of the genus. Similar distinct delineation among the five phenons was revealed by a Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA), highlighting the resolving power of the multivariate analyses of quantitative and qualitative morphological characters. While there were significant variations among the OTUs for 57 MDs, the most distinctive morphological descriptors delimiting the phenons were estimated to be fruit, petal, stem, and leaf by a de-trended correspondence analysis (DCA). We also present a comparative discussion between the classical taxonomy and the delimitation of taxa revealed in our study.

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Blueberry Cultivar Identification Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA and Sequence-characterized Amplified Region Markers

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci12105-17 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (11) ◽

pp. 1483-1489 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kang Hee Cho ◽

Seo Jun Park ◽

Su Jin Kim ◽

Se Hee Kim ◽

Han Chan Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽

The United States ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Polymorphic Band ◽

Group Method ◽

Highbush Blueberry ◽

United States Department ◽

Scar Markers ◽

Sequence Characterized Amplified Region ◽

Pair Group

Blueberry cultivars have traditionally been identified based on the evaluation of sets of morphological characters; however, distinguishing closely related cultivars remains difficult. In the present study, we developed DNA markers for the genetic fingerprinting of 45 blueberry cultivars, including 31 cultivars introduced from the United States Department of Agriculture. We obtained 210 random amplified of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers using 43 different primers. The number of polymorphic bands ranged from three (OPG-10 and OPQ-04) to eight (OPR-16), with an average of five. A cluster analysis performed with the unweighted pair group method using arithmetic averages produced genetic similarity values among the blueberry cultivars ranging from 0.53 to 0.85, with an average similarity of 0.68. A dendrogram clustered the 45 blueberry cultivars into two main clusters, with a similarity value of 0.65. Cluster I consisted of four rabbiteye cultivars (Pink Lemonade, Alapaha, Titan, and Vernon) and the Ashworth northern highbush cultivar. Cluster II consisted of 31 northern highbush cultivars, eight southern highbush blueberry cultivars, and Northland half-highbush blueberry cultivar. Fifty five RAPD fragments selected were sequenced to develop sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers, resulting in the successful conversion of 16 of 55 fragments into SCAR markers. An amplified polymorphic band has the same size as the RAPD fragment or smaller according to the primer combinations in the 16 SCAR markers. Among these markers, a combination of 11 SCAR markers provided sufficient polymorphisms to distinguish the blueberry cultivars investigated in this study. These newly developed markers could be a fast and reliable tool to identify blueberry cultivars.

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The use of RAPD markers to distinguish among juniper and cedar cultivars

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b00-046 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 78 (5) ◽

pp. 655-659 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tom Hsiang ◽

Junbin Huang

Keyword(s):

Rapd Markers ◽

Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽

Principal Component ◽

Unknown Origin ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

Group Method ◽

Pair Group ◽

Juniperus Chinensis ◽

Juniperus Scopulorum ◽

Close Relatives

Two species of Chamaecyparis and six cultivars each of Juniperus chinensis L. and Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. (Cupressaceae) were subjected to random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis using seven primers. Unweighted pair group method with averages (UPGMA) and principal component analyses of genetic distances between cultivars showed that 42 polymorphic RAPD bands could distinguish among all cultivars and properly group them by species and genera. Where the origin of a specific juniper cultivar is uncertain, analysis of genetic distance can pinpoint close relatives. For example, we were unable to trace the origin of J. chinensis 'Alps', and we initially thought it was a mislabeled J. chinensis 'Blue Alps'. However, we found 'Alps' to be closer to J. chinensis 'Fairview' and 'Mountbatten' than to 'Blue Alps'. Similarly, 'Wichita Blue' has an unknown origin, but it had the highest genetic similarity with 'Medora'.Key words: juniper, cedar, RAPD, cultivars, phylogenetics.

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Variation and Phenetic Relationship of Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) In Central Java and Yogyakarta Based on Morphological Characters

Jurnal Riset Biologi dan Aplikasinya ◽

10.26740/jrba.v3n2.p73-79 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 73-79

Author(s):

Agung Dwi Santoso ◽

Purnomo Purnomo

Keyword(s):

Nicotiana Tabacum ◽

Similarity Index ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Group Method ◽

Similarity Coefficients ◽

Leaf Venation ◽

Central Java ◽

Pair Group ◽

Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽

Micromorphological Characters

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is a plant used as a mixture of cigarettes, and recreational media especially for men. This study aimed to identify variations, and determine the relationship between tobacco cultivars in Central Java and Yogyakarta based on macromorphological and micromorphological characters. Sampling locations are determined by surveying locations in both regions. Tobacco samples found include 5 cultivars in Central Java namely 'Mantili', 'Uler Magetan', 'Garut', ‘Gober Boyolali’, 'Manila', and 3 cultivars in Yogyakarta namely 'Siluk', 'Java', and 'Virginia'. Characterization with 23 qualitative macromorphological characters including leaves, and stems, with 9 qualitative and quantitative micromorphological characters including trichome and stomata. Descriptive data analysis is done to obtain the typical character of each cultivar, followed by numerical analysis including scoring characters processed with MVSP (Multi Variate Statistical Package), clustering with UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Averages), and calculation of similarity coefficients with Simple matching formula. The results showed variations in the macromorphological characters including the shape of the leaf lamina, the base of the leaf, the absence of leaf stalks, and type of leaf venation. Tobacco has anisositic stomata, and varies in terms of length, width, and density of stomata. Tobacco trichomes are glandular. The result dendrograms form two clusters (A and B) with the similarity index of each cluster above 0.80. Cultivars with close relationships such as 'Siluk'-'Java', and far relationship like 'Java'-'Manila'.

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Molecular techniques in the assessment of genetic relationships between populations of Consolida (Ranunculaceae)

Caryologia ◽

10.36253/caryologia-1235 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 74 (2) ◽

pp. 149-161

Author(s):

Jing Ma ◽

Wenyan Fan ◽

Shujun Jiang ◽

Xiling Yang ◽

Wenshuai Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Relationships ◽

Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽

Principal Component ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Mantel Test ◽

Molecular Techniques ◽

Group Method ◽

Plant Resources ◽

High Genetic Diversity

Genetic diversity studies are essential to understand the conservation and management of plant resources in any environment. The genus Consolida (DC.) Gray (Ranuculaceae) belongs to tribe Delphinieae. It comprises approximately 52 species, including the members of the genus Aconitella Spach. No detailed Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) studies were conducted to study Consolida genetic diversity. Therefore, we collected and analyzed 19 species from 12 provinces of regions. Overall, one hundred and twenty-seven plant specimens were collected. We showed significant differences in quantitative morphological characters in plant species. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean and principal component analysis (PCA) divided Consolida species into two groups. All primers produced polymorphic amplicons though the extent of polymorphism varied with each primer. The primer OPA-06 was found to be most powerful and efficient as it generated a total of 24 bands of which 24 were polymorphic. The Mantel test showed correlation (r = 0.34, p=0.0002) between genetic and geographical distances. We reported high genetic diversity, which clearly shows the Consolida species can adapt to changing environments since high genetic diversity is linked to species adaptability. Present results highlighted the utility of RAPD markers and morphometry methods to investigate genetic diversity in Consolida species. Our aims were 1) to assess genetic diversity among Consolida species 2) is there a correlation between species genetic and geographical distance? 3) Genetic structure of populations and taxa.

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