scholarly journals A Phytosociological Study on Andean Rainforests of Peru, and a Comparison with the Surrounding Countries

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1654
Author(s):  
Antonio Galán-de-Mera ◽  
José Campos-de-la-Cruz ◽  
Eliana Linares-Perea ◽  
Juan Montoya-Quino ◽  
Iván Torres-Marquina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Order ◽  
South American ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
New Class ◽  
River Region ◽  
The Common ◽  
Bioclimatic Conditions ◽  
American Tropics ◽  
Phytosociological Study ◽  
Sørensen Index

This work is a phytosociological approach to the montane rainforests of Peru with the aim of advancing on the diversity of plant communities, which we had already begun in previous research. From 364 phytosociological plots and 3389 species of the South American tropics, we have developed a cluster, using the Sørensen index, to know the similarities between the forests and their parallelism with bioclimatic conditions. After studying the existence of characteristic groups of the Peruvian forests, we have established different communities and phytosociological units for Peru. As a result, we have described seven associations, within three new alliances, which are gathered in the new order Saurauio peruvianae-Condaminetalia corymbosae of the new class Morello pubescentis-Myrsinetea coriaceae. In addition, two associations have been described within the class Pruno rigidae-Oreopanacetea floribundae (mesotropical laurel-like forests), and three for the class Alnetea acuminatae (alder forests and palm groves). The humid forests of Peru are closer to those of Ecuador and to those of the set formed by the three Colombian mountain ranges than to those of Bolivia and Argentina, due to the common flora these share with areas of Paraguay and even of the Parana River region.

HOLOCENE GLACIATION IN THE AFRICAN AND SOUTH AMERICAN TROPICS

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret S. Jackson ◽  
◽  
Meredith A. Kelly ◽  
James M. Russell ◽  
Alice M. Doughty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South American ◽  
American Tropics

2,2-Dialkylacetic Acids -A New Class of Naturally Occurring Lipid Constituents

1995 ◽  
Vol 50 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 123-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gottfried Raab ◽  
Jürgen Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Relative Retention Time ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
South American ◽  
Time Data ◽  
New Class ◽  
The Past ◽  
Relative Retention ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Acetic Acids

Abstract The uropygial gland waxes of the South American red-legged Seriema (Cariama cristata (L., 1766)) were found to be composed of unbranched alcohols and 2,2′-dialkyl-substituted acetic acids which so far have not been found in skin lipids. When used as a chemosystematic character, the occurrence of this lipid class separates the order Cariamiformes (Seriemas) from all other avian orders hitherto investigated, especially from the Gruiformes (cranes and rails) to which they have been tentatively attributed in the past. From the GC retention time data now available for a series of 2-alkyl-substituted fatty acid methyl esters relative retention time indices for other compounds may be predicted.

scholarly journals The contemporary cartographic presentation of geographical names of objects lying on the border between Poland and the Czech Republic

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-174
Author(s):  
Maciej Zych
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Topographic Maps ◽  
National Register ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Common Boundary ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Single Region ◽  
The Common ◽  
Mountain Basins ◽  
Own Name

Abstract The aim of this paper is the analysis of the names used on cartographic publications in Poland and the Czech Republic for transboundary geographical objects lying on the common boundary. After the analysis of the Czech and Polish topographic maps that are available on the national geoportals, maps of the divisions into natural regions, and toponymic databases (Polish the National Register of Geographical Names, and Czech Geonames – the Database of geographic names of the Czech Republic) it was established that 360 named geographic objects lie on this boundary. This number includes: 123 hydronyms (names of rivers and other streams), 224 oronyms (139 names of summits, 22 names of mountain passes, 35 names of mountain ranges and ridges, 15 names of highlands, plateaus and uplands, 7 names of mountain basins, valleys and depressions, 3 names of lowlands, and 3 names of rocks), 9 names of forests, 1 name of mountain meadow (alp), and 3 names of tracks. 212 of these objects (59%) have names in both languages – Polish and Czech, however, in 99 cases (47% of objects that have name in both Polish and Czech languages) the Polish and Czech toponyms entirely do not correspond to each other. From the remaining objects 67 (18%) have only the Czech name, and 81 (23%) only the Polish name. In some natural regions, the limits of their ranges set by the Czech and Polish geographers vary widely, for example a single region on one side of the boundary corresponds to two or more regions on other side of the boundary. In other cases illustrations of incorrectness are more sophisticated, like the river that has different course according to the Czech or Polish maps (stream regarded as a main watercourse in one country, which has its own name, in another country is considered as a tributary one with a different name). In the summary, it should be stated that in the large part of the Polish and Czech names of the geographical objects lying on the common boundary were drawn regardless of the names used in the neighboring country.

scholarly journals Suara Mahasiswa dari Dua Kota: Perbandingan Pandangan Isola Pos di Bandung dan Balairung di Yogyakarta terhadap Isu Politik di Indonesia, 1991-1998

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-30
Author(s):  
Nisa Rizkiah ◽  
Andi Suwirta ◽  
Encep Supriatna
Keyword(s):  
New Order ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Education Politics ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Government ◽  
Student Press

ABSTRAKSI: Pers mahasiswa menjadi media alternatif pada masa pemerintahan Orde Baru (1966-1998). Pers mahasiswa mampu dan berani melakukan kritik terhadap pemerintah melalui tulisan dalam media yang diterbitkannya. Dengan menggunakan metode historis, hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pers mahasiswa Indonesia, pada periode tahun 1990-an, mulai menunjukan kembali jatidiri dan perannya. “Isola Pos” di Bandung lebih menitikberatkan pemberitaan pada isu-isu besar pendidikan, hal ini karena pendidikan harus dikelola secara benar, jangan dipolitisir, dan harus sesuai dengan cita-cita para pendiri negara-bangsa. Sedangkan “Balairung” di Yogyakarta lebih dominan pada isu-isu politik, karena ianya merupakan langkah untuk melakukan perubahan dalam konteks sosial-politik sebuah negara-bangsa. Meskipun dari segmentasi berita yang diambil berbeda, namun ada benang merah di antara keduanya, yakni sama-sama memiliki tujuan untuk perubahan Indonesia ke arah yang lebih baik, serta melakukan perlawanan terhadap suatu rezim yang dianggap menyimpang dari kebijakan dan cita-cita bersama.KATA KUNCI: Pers Mahasiswa; Pendidikan; Politik; Pemerintah Orde Baru; Kritik Sosial. ABSTRACT: “Students’ Voice of Two Cities: Comparison on Views of Isola Pos in Bandung and Balairung in Yogyakarta toward Political Issues in Indonesia, 1991-1998”. The student’s press was an alternative media during the New Order government (1966-1998). The student’s press was capable and daring to criticize the government through the publication of articles in the media. By using the historical method, this study shows that student press in the period of 1990s, began showed again its identities and roles. The “Isola Pos” in Bandung was choosing more dominant on educational issues, due to that education must be managed properly, not be politicized, and must accordance with the ideals of nation-states’ founders. While “Balairung” in Yogyakarta was more dominant in political issues, due to it was as a step to make changes in the socio-political context. Although the news taken from different segments, but there are the common substances between them, namely they have a goal to change Indonesia into a better direction and the resistance to a regime that is wrong in policy and common ideals.KEY WORD: Student Press; Education; Politics; New Order Government; Social Critics.     About the Authors: Nisa Rizkiah, S.Pd. adalah Alumni Departemen Pendidikan Sejarah FPIPS UPI (Fakultas Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia) di Bandung. Andi Suwirta, M.Hum. dan Dr. Encep Supriatna adalah Dosen di Departemen Pendidikan Sejarah FPIPS UPI di Bandung, Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Penulis bisa dihubungi melalui emel di: [email protected] Citation: Rizkiah, Nisa, Andi Suwirta Encep Supriatna. (2018). “Suara Mahasiswa dari Dua Kota: Perbandingan Pandangan Isola Pos di Bandung dan Balairung di Yogyakarta terhadap Isu Politik di Indonesia, 1991-1998” in MIMBAR PENDIDIKAN: Jurnal Indonesia untuk Kajian Pendidikan, Volume 3(1), Maret, pp.11-30. Bandung, Indonesia: UPI [Indonesia University of Education] Press, ISSN 2527-3868 (print) and 2503-457X (online). Chronicle of the article: Accepted (January 15, 2018); Revised (February 17, 2018); and Published (March 30, 2018).

scholarly journals Differential Pathogenicity of Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli and X. fuscans subsp. fuscans Strains on Bean Genotypes with Common Blight Resistance

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 546-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Mutlu ◽  
A. K. Vidaver ◽  
D. P. Coyne ◽  
J. R. Steadman ◽  
P. A. Lambrecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
South American ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Germplasm Screening ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Pathogenic Variation ◽  
The Common

Both the common bacterial blight (CBB) pathogen (Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli) and X. fuscans subsp. fuscans, agent of fuscous blight, cause indistinguishable symptoms in common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris. Yield losses can exceed 40%. Lack of information about the specificity between X. campestris pv. phaseoli strains and major quantitative trait loci (QTL) or alleles conferring resistance makes the task of identifying genetic changes in host–pathogen interactions and the grouping of bacterial strains difficult. This, in turn, affects the choice of pathogen isolates used for germplasm screening and complicates breeding for CBB resistance. Common bean host genotypes carrying various sources and levels of resistance to CBB were screened with 69 X. campestris pv. phaseoli and 15 X. fuscans subsp. fuscans strains from around the world. Differential pathogenicity of the CBB pathogen was identified on the 12 selected bean genotypes. The X. fuscans subsp. fuscans strains showed greater pathogenicity than X. campestris pv. phaseoli strains having the same origin. African strains were most pathogenic. The largest variation in pathogenicity came from X. campestris pv. phaseoli strains that originated in Caribbean and South American countries. Pathogenic variation was greater within X. campestris pv. phaseoli than within X. fuscans subsp. fuscans strains. Implications for breeding for CBB resistance are discussed.

scholarly journals In vitro culture from mature seeds of Passiflora species

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavia Guzzo ◽  
Stefania Ceoldo ◽  
Filippo Andreetta ◽  
Marisa Levi
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Zygotic Embryo ◽  
South American ◽  
Zygotic Embryo Culture ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
American Tropics ◽  
Mature Seeds ◽  
Continuous Source

The genus Passiflora comprises hundred species, mainly native of the South American tropics and rainforests, which are grouped into 21 subgenera. Some species are widely studied for their economic importance and are chiefly cultivated for production of fruit juice. To obtain a continuous source of material for a screening of secondary metabolites, zygotic embryo culture was attempted for 62 Passiflora species, starting from seeds mainly collected in the wild. Twenty nine of these species produced calli, which had very different growth rates. Plants were successfully regenerated from calli of 13 different species. For 25 of the responsive species this is the first report of in vitro culture.

scholarly journals Analysis of Hantavirus Genetic Diversity in Argentina: S Segment-Derived Phylogeny

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 3765-3773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlene C. Bohlman ◽  
Sergey P. Morzunov ◽  
John Meissner ◽  
Mary Beth Taylor ◽  
Kimiko Ishibashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
South American ◽  
Protein Amino Acid ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Andes Virus ◽  
Virus Genotypes ◽  
The Common ◽  
High Level ◽  
Virus Strains

ABSTRACT Nucleotide sequences were determined for the complete S genome segments of the six distinct hantavirus genotypes from Argentina and for two cell culture-isolated Andes virus strains from Chile. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that, although divergent from each other, all Argentinian hantavirus genotypes group together and form a novel phylogenetic clade with the Andes virus. The previously characterized South American hantaviruses Laguna Negra virus and Rio Mamore virus make up another clade that originates from the same ancestral node as the Argentinian/Chilean viruses. Within the clade of Argentinian/Chilean viruses, three subclades can be defined, although the branching order is somewhat obscure. These are made of (i) “Lechiguanas-like” virus genotypes, (ii) Maciel virus and Pergamino virus genotypes, and (iii) strains of the Andes virus. Two hantavirus genotypes from Brazil, Araraquara and Castello dos Sonhos, were found to group with Maciel virus and Andes virus, respectively. The nucleocapsid protein amino acid sequence variability among the members of the Argentinian/Chilean clade does not exceed 5.8%. It is especially low (3.5%) among oryzomyine species-associated virus genotypes, suggesting recent divergence from the common ancestor. Interestingly, the Maciel and Pergamino viruses fit well with the rest of the clade although their hosts are akodontine rodents. Taken together, these data suggest that under conditions in which potential hosts display a high level of genetic diversity and are sympatric, host switching may play a prominent role in establishing hantavirus genetic diversity. However, cospeciation still remains the dominant factor in the evolution of hantaviruses.

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