scholarly journals Synthesis of a Carrageenan–Iron Complex and Its Effect on Flame Retardancy and Smoke Suppression for Waterborne Epoxy

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Wang ◽  
Haiwei Teng ◽  
Xinyu Zhang ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Long Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Uv Spectroscopy ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Iron Complex ◽  
Smoke Suppression ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Cone Calorimetry ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Waterborne Epoxy

A k-carrageenan–iron complex (KC–Fe) was synthesized by complexation between degraded KC and FeCl3. Furthermore, KC–Fe and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) were simultaneously added into waterborne epoxy (EP) to improve its flame retardancy and smoke suppression performance. The structure and properties of KC–Fe were assessed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray powder diffraction analysis (XRD). The analysis showed that KC–Fe was successfully synthesized and exhibited good thermal properties with a 49% char residue at 800 °C. The enhanced flame retardancy and smoke suppression performance of waterborne epoxy were evaluated using a limiting oxygen index (LOI) and UL-94. Moreover, the flame retardancy of waterborne epoxy coated on a steel plate was also investigated using cone calorimetry. The results showed that the flame-retardant waterborne epoxy blend exhibited the best flame retardancy when the mass ratio of APP and KC–Fe was 2:1. The total heat release (THR) and total smoke production (TSP) was decreased by 44% and 45%, respectively, which indicated good fire safety performance and smoke suppression properties. Analysis of the residual char using FTIR, SEM, and elemental analysis (EDS) indicated that the action of KC–Fe was promoted by the presence of APP. The formation of a dense thermal stable char layer from an intumescent coating was essential to protect the underlying materials.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Phosphated K-Carrageenan and Its Application for Flame-Retardant Waterborne Epoxy

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Wang ◽  
Haiwei Teng ◽  
Long Li ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Ping Kang
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cone Calorimeter Test ◽  
Waterborne Epoxy

In this paper, phosphated K-carrageenan (P-KC) was obtained by reacting POCl3 with the renewable source K-carrageenan (KC). P-KC and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) were added into waterborne epoxy (EP) to improve its flame retardancy. The structure of P-KC was studied comprehensively using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), showing the successful synthesis of P-KC. The flame retardancy of the EP was evaluated by the cone calorimeter test. The results showed that different mass ratios of DOPO and P-KC affected the flame retardancy of EP. When the mass ratio of DOPO and P-KC was 2:1, total heat release (THR) and total smoke production (TSP) decreased by 48.7% and 37.4%, respectively. The microstructures of residue char were observed by FTIR and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), indicating that the flame-retardant waterborne epoxy (FR-EP) system held a more cohesive and denser char structure. The char inhibited the diffusion of heat and oxygen, which played a key role in the flame retardancy.

Nacre-mimetic CH/MMT fabrication coating on PET fabric for improving anti-dripping performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 803-812
Author(s):  
Yinchun Fang ◽  
Xinhua Liu ◽  
Wenqing Fei
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Experimental Basis ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pet Fabric ◽  
Assembly Method

PurposePET fiber is widely used in many fields, such as clothing and decorative materials. However, the high flammability and dripping problem restrict its applications. It is vital for PET fiber to overcome these two main drawbacks for practical applications.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper nacre-mimetic flame retardant coating of chitosan (CH) and Montmorillonite (MMT) was fabricated on PET fabrics through the layer-by-layer assembly method. The flame retardancy and anti-dripping performance of the treated PET fabric were investigated.FindingsThe results of limiting oxygen index (LOI) value and vertical burning test revealed the anti-dripping performance of PET fabrics which was greatly improved, while the flame retardancy has not been improved. The dripping phenomena was eliminated when the CH/MMT bilayers were over 5 BL. Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) results revealed that nacre-mimetic coated CH/MMT bilayers on PET fabrics would promote the char formation both under nitrogen atmosphere and under air atmosphere indicating the obviously condensed phase flame retardant action. scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the char residues revealed that coated PET fabrics would promote the formation of char.Research limitations/implicationsHowever, the char was an unstable char which would further combust to change the thermal degradation and combustion process of PET fabric. Though PET fabric coated by this CH/MMT nacre-mimetic system had no flame retardancy, the anti-dripping performance was greatly improved. This research would provide experimental basis for improving the anti-dripping performance for thermoplastic materials.Originality/valueThis research is the original research for the flame retardant treatment by fabrication nacre-mimetic CH/MMT coating on PET fabric, which has not been reported previously. This research would provide experimental basis for improving the anti-dripping performance for thermoplastic polymer fabrics.

Coconut shell extract imparting multifunction properties to ligno-cellulosic material

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1261-1290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mangesh D Teli ◽  
Pintu Pandit ◽  
Santanu Basak
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Cellulosic Material ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Jute Fabric

Flame retardant textiles are increasingly in demand. There have been a number of approaches by which textile material is made flame retardant. The plant extracts imparting such properties to lingo-cellulosic material has been studied in this work. The paper reports the application of green coconut ( Cocosnucifera Linn) shell extract which is a natural waste source onto jute fabric. The acidic coconut shell extract was applied in neutral and alkaline conditions on jute fabric in different concentrations. The emerging fabric showed good flame retardant properties which were measured by different standard flammability tests. The limiting oxygen index value found to increase by 48% after application of alkaline coconut shell extract as such and on concentrating the coconut shell extract, it was found to increase 81%. The thermo gravimetric behaviour and degradation mechanism were studied by using thermo gravimetric analysis in nitrogen atmosphere. The presence of different elements, chemical groups and the structural topography of the untreated and coconut shell extract-treated lingo-cellulosic fabric were analysed by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared, Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and phytochemical analysis tests. In addition to the flame retardant property, the treated fabric showed natural colour (measured by colour strength value) and antibacterial property against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria.

Preparation and Flame Retardancy of Waterbased Phosphorous Modified Phenolic Resin

2014 ◽  
Vol 988 ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Yuan Jian Qiao ◽  
Lu Ting Wei ◽  
Gui Long Xu ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Jian Hu
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Phenolic Resin ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Ul 94 ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Test Result ◽  
Limited Oxygen

Waterbased phosphorous modified phenolic resin was prepared by introducing a phosphorous monomer. Effect of phenol and aldehyde mol ratio and ODOPM content to the stability was studied. The flammability of the prepared composite material was studied by TGA (Thermo gravimetric analysis), LOI (limited oxygen index) and UL-94 test. The results show that stable phosphorous modified phenolic resin can be prepared. TGA, LIO and UL-94 test result show that the hybrid material presents better flame retardancy.

Preparation of Colloidal Antimony Pentoxide and Synergist Effect on Brominated Flame Retardant

2014 ◽  
Vol 1081 ◽  
pp. 165-170
Author(s):  
Li Yun Lin ◽  
Xiang Zhou ◽  
Ya Rong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Brominated Flame Retardant ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Strength Retention

Colloidal Antimony Pentoxide was prepared through a simple method based on reflux oxidization system. Detailed investigations about the effects of experimental parameters on the colloid stability and size distribution of the final products were carried out. The use of the combination of a brominated flame retardant 2,3-dibromo-succinic anhydride (DBrFR) as the flame-retarding agent and colloidal antimony pentoxide (APO) as the synergist to reduce the flammability of PET/cotton blend fabric was also studied. The BFR was effective in reducing the flammability of the blended fabric whereas APO enhances the effectiveness of DBrFR due to bromine–antimony synergism. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) value and the breaking strength retention of PET/ cotton fabric treated with DBrFR and APO were studied and the thermal behaviors of different treated fabrics were investigated via thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA).

Synthesis and Structural Characterization of a Tetra-Cobalt(II)-substituted Sandwich-type Tungstophosphate, (1,3-H2dap)2H4[Co4(1,3-Hdap)2(α-BPW9O34)2]·3H2O

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 495-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zi-Liang Wang ◽  
Hui-Ping Xi
Keyword(s):  
Uv Spectroscopy ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric ◽  
Counter Ions ◽  
Sandwich Type ◽  
Ir And Uv Spectroscopy

A sandwich-type tungstophosphate, (1,3-H2dap)2H4[Co4 (1,3-Hdap)2(α-B-PW9O34)2] ·3H2O (1,3-dap=1,3-diaminopropane), was hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental and thermo-gravimetric analysis, and IR and UV spectroscopy. The compound presents a classical tetra-transition metal-substituted sandwich framework, [Co4(1,3-Hdap)2(α-B-PW9O34)2]8-, which contains two lacunary α-B-[PW9O34]9- Keggin units linked by a rhomblike Co4O14(1,3-dap)2 cluster lying across an inversion center. The Co2+ ions are coordinated by a mono-protonated dap ligand. Isolatedly protonated 1,3-dap units act as counter-ions interacting with the [PW9O34]9- polyanions via hydrogen bonds forming a three-dimensional framework.

scholarly journals Construction of a Phytic Acid–Silica System in Wood for Highly Efficient Flame Retardancy and Smoke Suppression

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4164
Author(s):  
Zhuoran Chen ◽  
Shaodi Zhang ◽  
Mengyi Ding ◽  
Mingzhi Wang ◽  
Xing Xu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Smoke Suppression ◽  
Char Residue ◽  
Cone Calorimetry ◽  
Silica Network ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Degradation Rates

The intrinsic flammability of wood restricts its application in various fields. In this study, we constructed a phytic acid (PA)–silica hybrid system in wood by a vacuum-pressure impregnation process to improve its flame retardancy and smoke suppression. The system was derived from a simple mixture of PA and silica sol. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated an incorporation of the PA molecules into the silica network. Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis showed that the system greatly enhanced the char yield of wood from 1.5% to 32.1% (in air) and the thermal degradation rates were decreased. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the PA/silica-nanosol-treated wood was 47.3%. Cone calorimetry test (CCT) was conducted, which revealed large reductions in the heat release rate and smoke production rate. The appearance of the second heat release peak was delayed, indicating the enhanced thermal stability of the char residue. The mechanism underlying flame retardancy was analyzed by field-emission scanning electron microscope coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), FTIR, and TG-FTIR. The improved flame retardancy and smoke-suppression property of the wood are mainly attributed to the formation of an intact and coherent char residue with crosslinked structures, which can protect against the transfer of heat and mass (flammable gases, smoke) during burning. Moreover, the hybrid system did not significantly alter the mechanical properties of wood, such as compressive strength and hardness. This approach can be extended to fabricate other phosphorus and silicon materials for enhancing the fire safety of wood.

scholarly journals A Rare Two-dimensional Network Based on 2,2ʹ-Biimidazole Bridged Double [PW11O39Ni]5– Polyanions

2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 1237-1240
Author(s):  
Lin-Heng Wei ◽  
Zi-Liang Wang ◽  
Ming-Xue Li
Keyword(s):  
Uv Spectroscopy ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Brick Wall ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Keggin Anion ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric ◽  
Dimensional Network ◽  
Ir And Uv Spectroscopy ◽  
Oxygen Atoms

A novel two-dimensional complex based on the mono-vacant Keggin anion [PW11O39]7−, [Ni(BIIM)3]3[{Ni(BIIM)2}2(PNiW11O39)2(BIIM)]・H2O (BIIM = 2,2ʹ-biimidazole), was hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by elemental and thermo-gravimetric analysis, IR and UV spectroscopy. Each [PW11O39]7− anion captures an Ni2+ ion forming a [PNiW11O39]5− polyanion, two of which are linked together by a BIIM ligand into a [(PNiW11O39)2(BIIM)]10− polyanion supporting two Ni(BIIM)22+ units through two terminal oxygen atoms and affording a complicated [{Ni(BIIM)2}2(PNiW11O39)2(BIIM)]6− heteropolyanion. Each of these units is further attached to four surrounding equivalent units by their own Ni(BIIM)22+ linkers into a two-dimensional brick wall-like network with (6,3) topology.

Coordination Compounds of Some 3d-Transition Metal Ions with N1-[4-(4-bromo-phenylsulfonyl)-benzoyl]-N4-(4-methoxyphenyl)- thiosemicarbazide

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madalina Angelusiu ◽  
Maria Negoiu ◽  
Stefania-Felicia Barbuceanu ◽  
Tudor Rosu
Keyword(s):  
Coordination Compounds ◽  
Magnetic Moments ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Electronic Spectroscopy ◽  
Transition Metal Ions ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric ◽  
New Compounds

The paper presents the synthesis and characterization of Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cd(II), Zn(II) and Hg(II) complexes with N1-[4-(4-bromo-phenylsulfonyl)-benzoyl]-N4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-thiosemicarbazide. The new compounds were characterized by IR, EPR, electronic spectroscopy, magnetic moments, thermo-gravimetric analysis and elemental analysis.

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