scholarly journals Ageing of Dental Composites Based on Methacrylate Resins—A Critical Review of the Causes and Method of Assessment

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Szczesio-Wlodarczyk ◽  
Jerzy Sokolowski ◽  
Joanna Kleczewska ◽  
Kinga Bociong
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Dental Materials ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Dental Composite ◽  
Ageing Process ◽  
Inorganic Filler ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Dental Resins ◽  
Oral Environment

The paper reviews the environmental factors affecting ageing processes, and the degradation of resins, filler, and the filler-matrix interface. It discusses the current methods of testing materials in vitro. A review of literature was conducted with the main sources being PubMed. ScienceDirect, Mendeley, and Google Scholar were used as other resources. Studies were selected based on relevance, with a preference given to recent research. The ageing process is an inherent element of the use of resin composites in the oral environment, which is very complex and changes dynamically. The hydrolysis of dental resins is accelerated by some substances (enzymes, acids). Bonds formed between coupling agent and inorganic filler are prone to hydrolysis. Methods for prediction of long-term behaviour are not included in composite standards. Given the very complex chemical composition of the oral environment, ageing tests based on water can only provide a limited view of the clinical performance of biomaterial. Systems that can reproduce dynamic changes in stress (thermal cycling, fatigue tests) are better able to mimic clinical conditions and could be extremely valuable in predicting dental composite clinical performance. It is essential to identify procedure to determine the ageing process of dental materials.

scholarly journals The Photoinitiators Used in Resin Based Dental Composite—A Review and Future Perspectives

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 470
Author(s):  
Andrea Kowalska ◽  
Jerzy Sokolowski ◽  
Kinga Bociong
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Degree Of Conversion ◽  
Dental Composite ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Dental Composites ◽  
Dental Resin ◽  
Dental Resins ◽  
Light Curing

The presented paper concerns current knowledge of commercial and alternative photoinitiator systems used in dentistry. It discusses alternative and commercial photoinitiators and focuses on mechanisms of polymerization process, in vitro measurement methods and factors influencing the degree of conversion and hardness of dental resins. PubMed, Academia.edu, Google Scholar, Elsevier, ResearchGate and Mendeley, analysis from 1985 to 2020 were searched electronically with appropriate keywords. Over 60 articles were chosen based on relevance to this review. Dental light-cured composites are the most common filling used in dentistry, but every photoinitiator system requires proper light-curing system with suitable spectrum of light. Alternation of photoinitiator might cause changing the values of biomechanical properties such as: degree of conversion, hardness, biocompatibility. This review contains comparison of biomechanical properties of dental composites including different photosensitizers among other: camphorquinone, phenanthrenequinone, benzophenone and 1-phenyl-1,2 propanedione, trimethylbenzoyl-diphenylphosphine oxide, benzoyl peroxide. The major aim of this article was to point out alternative photoinitiators which would compensate the disadvantages of camphorquinone such as: yellow staining or poor biocompatibility and also would have mechanical properties as satisfactory as camphorquinone. Research showed there is not an adequate photoinitiator which can be as sufficient as camphorquinone (CQ), but alternative photosensitizers like: benzoyl germanium or novel acylphosphine oxide photoinitiators used synergistically with CQ are able to improve aesthetic properties and degree of conversion of dental resin.

scholarly journals Materiais Promissores para Melhorar as Propriedades Mecânicas e Físico-Químicas do Cimento de Ionômero de Vidro

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 104 ◽  
Author(s):  
M R R Silva ◽  
N J C Sena ◽  
D A Cunha ◽  
L C Souza ◽  
N S Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Materials ◽  
Dental Composite ◽  
Glass Ionomer Cements ◽  
Glass Ionomer

O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre os materiais que estão sendo associados ao cimento de ionômero de vidro (CIV), visando melhorar suas propriedades mecânicas e físico-químicas. Foi realizada uma seleção de artigos científicos nas bases de dados PubMed, Europe PMC e ScienceDirect, usando os descritores Glass Ionomer Cements, Dental Materials e Dental Composite. O critério de inclusão foi estudo in vitro acerca do tema proposto e os de exclusão foram revisões de literatura e estudos clínicos. Foram encontrados 130 artigos, publicados entre os anos de 2012 a 2017, dos quais foram selecionados 10. De acordo com esta revisão, o uso de substâncias naturais, tais como os nanocristais de celulose, melhorou a resistência à compressão e diametral, módulo de elasticidade e resistência ao desgaste do CIV. Já a associação com o propólis resultou na diminuição significativa da resistência à compressão e o aumento da solubilidade do CIV. O uso das nanopartículas de AlO, ZrO e TiO2 foi avaliado, mostrando redução da porosidade dos cimentos ionoméricos e aumento da resistência à compressão. Quando o Nanoclay (montmorillonita de grau polimérico) foi adicionado à porção líquida do CIV, suas propriedades mecânicas melhoraram, entretanto a resistência à tensão diametral não apresentou melhora estatística significante. Portanto, o uso de substâncias associadas ao CIV mostrou melhora de suas propriedades, principalmente quando os nanocristais de celulose foram utilizados, podendo representar um novo e promissor material de restauração dentária.Palavras-chave: Cimentos de Ionômeros de Vidro. Materiais Dentários. Propriedades Físicas e Químicas.

Preparation of a novel anti shrinking agent (SOC DA) and its evaluation in dental resins

2013 ◽  
Vol 1609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Acosta Ortiz ◽  
Luis Alberto Reyna Medina ◽  
María Lydia Berlanga Duarte ◽  
Aida Esmeralda Garcia Valdez
Keyword(s):  
Dental Materials ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Dental Composite ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Dental Resin ◽  
Dental Resins ◽  
Acrylic Monomers ◽  
Urethane Dimethacrylate ◽  
Acrylate Monomers ◽  
Triethyleneglycol Dimethacrylate

AbstractIn this work is discussed the synthesis of a novel antishrinking agent (SOC DA) and the evaluation of its performance in an acrylic dental resin. SOC DA was photopolymerized in conjunction with the components of a conventional acrylic resin, which includes a mixture of diacrylate monomers [glycerolate bisphenol A dimethacrylate (BIS-GMA) / Urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) / triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA)] in 50/30/20 molar ratio). SOC DA was added in a range between 5.0-20.0 mol % with respect to the total amount of moles of the acrylic monomers. It was found that increasing concentrations of SOC DA, promoted higher conversions of the dimethacrylate monomers without decreasing the photopolymerization rate of the acrylate monomers. The study of the effect of SOC DA on the mechanical properties of the dental composite filled with 70 % of silicon dioxide, revealed that the presence of the antishrinking agent improved both the compressive and the flexural strength of the dental materials. Besides, it was found that by using the SOC DA at 20%, the shrinkage was reduced 52%, compared with the same formulation without SOC DA.

scholarly journals Eugenyl-2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate-Incorporated Experimental Dental Composite: Degree of Polymerization and In Vitro Cytotoxicity Evaluation

Polymers ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Abdel-Basit Al-Odayni ◽  
Dalal H. Alotaibi ◽  
Waseem Sharaf Saeed ◽  
Abdullah Al-Kahtani ◽  
Ali Assiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Dental Composite ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Dental Resins ◽  
Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate ◽  
Significant Difference

The aim of this study was to evaluate the properties of new dental formulations containing eugenyl-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (EgGMA) monomer, as restorative dental material, in terms of their degree of photopolymerization and cytotoxicity. The target model composites (TBEg0, TBEg2.5, and TBEg5) were prepared by mixing 35% organic matrix (TEGDMA/BisGMA (50/50 wt%) of which 0, 2.5, and 5 wt%, respectively, were replaced with EgGMA monomer) with 65% filler (silanized hydroxyapatite (HA)/zinc oxide (ZnO2), 4:3 by weight). The vinylic double-bond conversion (DC) after light-curing was studied using Fourier transform infrared technique whereas cell viability was in vitro tested using primary human gingival fibroblasts cells over 7 days by means of AlamarBlue colorimetric assay. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests. The results revealed no significant difference in DC between TBEg2.5 (66.49%) and control (TBEg0; 68.74%), whereas both differ significantly with TBEg5, likely due to the inhibitory effect of eugenol moiety at high concentration. The cell viability test indicated that all the composites are biocompatible. No significant difference was counted between TBEg2.5 and TBEg5, however, both differed significantly from the control (TBEg0). Thus, even though its apparent negative effect on polymerization, EgGMA is potentially safer than bisphenol-derived monomers. Such potential properties may encourage further investigations on term of EgGMA amount optimization, compatibility with other dental resins, and antimicrobial activity.

Contemporary aesthetic restorative dental composite materials

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
P. Malara ◽  
W. Świderski
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Dental Materials ◽  
Organic Matrix ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Dental Composite ◽  
Inorganic Filler ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Light Curing ◽  
Made In

Purpose: This is a review paper that gives an insight into the most popular group ofaesthetic dental materials - dental composite materials. This article describes the historicalbackground, the main features of this group of materials, the cathegorization of the materialsin relation to clinical applications and the polymerization proces.Design/methodology/approach: This review is based on the contemporary scientificliterature most relevant to the topic. The literature search has been made in Elsevier -Science Direct.Findings: Light-curing dental composites exhibit some resemblance to the constructionof the hard tissues of the tooth. They also consist of two basic components. These are:an organic matrix and an inorganic filler. The third component, which is regularly added, isso-called binding agent. According to the composition of the materials they make a goodchoice for aesthetic restoration in natural dentition.Practical implications: In the clinical observations there are many complications resultingfrom inadequate polymerization of composite materials. This may be the result of poorquality of curing lights of a very low intensity, too long distance between the tip of the lampand the surface of the material or improper exposure timeOriginality/value: Dental composite materials are the only group of dental materialsin which these features are combined together, ensuring naturally looking final effect ofthe restoration. Easy handling of the dental composite materials together with effectivepolymerization process with portable light units make these materials a good choice forclinical use.

scholarly journals Academy of Dental Materials guidance on in vitro testing of dental composite bonding effectiveness to dentin/enamel using micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Armstrong ◽  
Lorenzo Breschi ◽  
Mutlu Özcan ◽  
Frank Pfefferkorn ◽  
Marco Ferrari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Dental Materials ◽  
Dental Composite ◽  
Tensile Bond Strength ◽  
In Vitro Testing

scholarly journals Estudo in vitro do efeito do tempo de fotopolimerização na pigmentação de resinas compostas

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Henrique Soares Torres ◽  
Luiza Monzoli Covre ◽  
Caio Pimenteira Uchôa ◽  
Déborah Laurindo Pereira Santos ◽  
Renato Torres Augusto Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Color Stability ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Degree Of Conversion ◽  
Dental Composite ◽  
Resin Composites ◽  
Dental Resins ◽  
Halogen Light ◽  
Light Curing

As resinas compostas fotopolimerizáveis têm tido cada vez mais indicações na odontologia restauradora devido às vantagens que apresentam. Porém variações na técnica de fotoativação, densidade de energia, intensidade da luz e tempo de irradiação podem gerar polimerização incompleta, o que pode resultar em uma resina composta com alta porosidade, pouca dureza, baixo polimento, alta capacidade de pigmentação ou efeitos tóxicos na polpa. Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar o efeito do tempo de polimerização na pigmentação extrínseca de três resinas compostas fotopolimerizáveis. Utilizando uma fonte de LED, foram confeccionados 180 espécimes de resina composta microhíbrida, nanohíbrida e nanoparticulada, com diferentes protocolos de polimerização. Os espécimes foram subdivididos em grupos de acordo com o agente pigmentante. Com o uso de um colorímetro, foram analisados quanto à mudança de cor (ΔE). Os dados foram submetidos ao teste ANOVA e Duncan (α=0,05). A resina composta microhíbrida apresentou os menores valores de ΔE em comparação à nanoparticulada e à nanohíbrida quando imersos em vinho. Quanto maior o tempo de polimerização menores valores de ΔE foram obtidos. Não somente o tempo de polimerização influencia no grau de pigmentação, mas também fatores intrínsecos às resinas compostas tais como carga, agente fotoiniciador e matriz orgânica.Descritores: Autocura de Resinas Dentárias; Materiais Dentários; Pigmentação.ReferênciasMatson MR, Matson AMFP. Avaliação do grau de conversão de resinas compostas quando ativadas por luz halógena: método convencional, alta potência e método “soft”. Rev Inst Ciênc Saúde. 2006;24(4):307-11.Delaviz Y, Finer Y, Santerre JP. Biodegradation of resin composites and adhesivesby oral bacteria and saliva: A rationale for new material designs that consider the clinical environment and treatment challenges. Dent Mater. 2014;30(1):16-32.Nahsan FPS, Ueda JK, Silva JO, Schimitt VL, Naufel FS, Formighieri LA et al. Estabilidade de cor de resina composta após imersão em café, água e solução de clorexidina. Rev Bras Pesq Saúde. 2009;11(2):13-7.Al  Kheraif  AA,  Qasim  SS,  Ramakrishnaiah  R,  Rehman  I.  Effect  of different beverages on the color stability and degree of conversion of nano and microhybrid composites. Dent Mater J. 2013;(32)2:326-31.Ceballos L, Fuentes MV, Tafalla H, Martínez A, Flores J, Rodríguez J. Curing effectiveness of resin composites at different exposure times using LED and halogen units. Med Oral Pathol Oral Cir Bucal 2009;14(1):e51-6.Rahiotis C, Patsouri K, Silikas N, Kakaboura A. Curing efficiency of high- intensity light-emitting diode (LED) devices. J Oral Sci.  2010; 52(2):187-95.Sgarbi SC, Pereira SK, Martins JMH, Oliveira MAC, Mazur RF. Degree of conversion of resin composites light activated by halogen light and led analyzed by ultraviolet spectrometry. Rev Clín Pesq Odontol. 2010;6(3):223-30.Caldarelli PG, Beltrani FC, Santos FA, Shibayama R, Hoepper  MG. Manchamento de uma resina composta e sua Relação com o efeito da intensidade da luz Emitida por aparelhos fotopolimerizadores de Lâmpada halôgena. Rev Fac Odontol Aracatuba. 2011;(32)2:44-8.Valentini F, Oliveira SGD, Guimarães GZ, Barbosa RPS, Moraes RR. Effect of surface sealant on the color stability of composite resin restorations. Braz Dent J. 2011;22(5):365-68.Freitas ABDA, Gomes HR, Guimarães FBR, Marinho VA, Barros LM. Influência do tipo de aparelho fotopolimerizador na absorção de água por restaurações de resina composta. Rev Inst Ciênc Saúde.  2008;(26)1:65-9.Porto ICCM, Soares LES, Martin AA, Cavalli V, Liporoni PCS. Influence of the photoinitiator system and light photoactivation units on the degree of conversion  of  dental  composites. Braz Oral Res. 2010;24(4):475-81.Pequeno JHP, Araújo GS, Neri JR, Bomfim AGM, Mendonça JS, Santiago SL. Efeito dos protocolos de fotoativação na dureza de uma resina composta nanoparticulada. ROBRAC. 2012;21(56):394-97.Uhl A, Mills RW, Rzanny AE, Jandt KD. Time dependence of composite shrinkage using halogen and LED light curing. Dent Mater. 2005;21(3):278-86.Eick JD, Kotha SP, Chappelow CC, Kilway KV, Giese GJ, Glaros AG et al. Properties of  silorane-based  dental resins and composites containing    a    stressreducing  monomer. Dent Mater. 2007;23(8):1011-17.Neumann MG, Schmitt CC, Ferreira GC, Correa IC. The initiating radical yields and the efficiency of polymerization for various dental photoinitiators excited by different lightcuring units. Dent Mater. 2006;22(6):576-84.Asmussen   E,  Peutzfeldt   A.   Influence   of   composition   on   rate   of polymerization contraction of light-curing resin composites. Acta Odontol Scand. 2002;60(3):146-50.Silva EH, Albuquerque RC, Lanza LD, Vieira GC, Peixoto RT, Alvim HH et al. Influence of different light sources on the conversion of composite resins. Indian J Dent Res. 2011;22(6):790-94.Souza E, Espíndola M, Diegoli NM, Kuroshima KN. Avaliação da alteração de cor de diferentes compósitos restauradores - influência de corantes usados na cavidade oral - estudo in vitro. RGO. 2006;54(1):43-6.Salvego RN, Dias RPB. Figueiredo JLG. Estabilidade de cor de resinas compostas no processo de manchamento e clareamento, Rev Dental Press Estét. 2013;10(3):54-62.Firoozmandi LM, Balducci I, Araújo MAM.  Influência da Fotopolimerização e da Cor da Resina Composta na Microdureza. Pesq Bras Odontoped Clín Integr. 2009;9(1):37-42.Anfe TEA, Agra CM, Vieira GF. Comparação de duas técnicas de fotoativação na sorção e solubilidade de resinas compostas em solução de etanol. J Biodent Biomater. 2011;1(1):61-7.Villalta P, Lu H, Okte Z, Garcia-Godoy F, Powers JM. Effects of staining and bleaching on color change of dental composite resins. J Prosthet Dent. 2006;95(2):137-42.Barghi N, Berry T, Hatton C. Evaluation intensity output of curing lights in private dental offices. J. am. dent. assoc. 1994;125(7):992-96.Santini A, Miletic V, Swift MD, Bradley M. Degree of conversion and microhardness of TPO-containing resin-based composites cured by polywave and monowave LED units. J Dent. 2012;40(7):577-84.

Resins in Restorative Dental Materials: Reactor Response

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-114
Author(s):  
G.F.E. Franz
Keyword(s):  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Dental Materials ◽  
Torsion Test ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Abrasion Test ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
Dental Resins ◽  
Cross Linkage

The response stresses two remarks of Prof. Braden about the sensitizing agents and the importance of a decrease of shrinkage in new dental resins. The objective of our own investigation was to measure the wear of veneering resins brushed with dentifrices and to find a good combination of resin and fillers, as well as which abrasives in toothpastes make the smallest abrasion on veneering resins. The in vitro method-described in this paper-is based on the results obtained in an in vivo abrasion test with dental students. The in vitro abrasion test instrument has to produce similar results with the six tested dentifrices on polymethylmethacrylate as measured in our in vivo test. Two different series of veneering resins were tested, one with increasing cross-linkage, the other with increasing microfiller. In the series with increasing cross-linkage, the hardness increased and the abrasion values decreased. In the series with increasing microfiller, the hardness also increased; however, the abrasion resistance was not related to the hardness. Two dentifrices caused nearly no abrasion, while three higher-abrasive dentifrices showed an increase of abrasion on the 40% and 60% filler-containing specimens. Thus, the abrasion resistance can be improved with the right relation between microfiller and cross-linkage. A toothbrush with medium stiffness and a dentifrice containing an amorphous silica, i.e., Syloblanc 7/82, should be recommended for appropriate oral hygiene when veneering resins are present. The objective of our second study was to use a torsion test to investigate the bond strength between metal and resin. The results depend on the cross-head speed used, i.e., the stress results increased with the speed.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Novel Dental Nanocomposite Resins by Incorporating Polymerizable, Quaternary Ammonium Silane-Modified Silica Nanoparticles

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1682
Author(s):  
Alexandros K. Nikolaidis ◽  
Elisabeth A. Koulaouzidou ◽  
Christos Gogos ◽  
Dimitris S. Achilias
Keyword(s):  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Dental Materials ◽  
Curing Kinetics ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Dental Composite ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Dental Resins

Diverse approaches dealing with the reinforcement of dental composite resins with quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) have been previously reported. This work aims to investigate the physicochemical and mechanical performance of dental resins containing silica nanofillers with novel QAC. Different types of quaternary ammonium silane compounds (QASiC) were initially synthesized and characterized with proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Silica nanoparticles were surface modified with the above QASiC and the structure of silanized products (S.QASiC) was confirmed by means of FTIR and thermogravimetric analysis. The obtained S.QASiC were then incorporated into methacrylate based dental resins. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed a satisfactory dispersion of silica nanoclusters for most of the synthesized nanocomposites. Curing kinetics disclosed a rise in both the autoacceleration effect and degree of conversion mainly induced by shorter QASiC molecules. Polymerization shrinkage was found to be influenced by the particular type of S.QASiC. The flexural modulus and strength of composites were increased by 74% and 19%, while their compressive strength enhancement reached up to 19% by adding 22 wt% S.QASiC nanoparticles. These findings might contribute to the proper design of multifunctional dental materials able to meet the contemporary challenges in clinical practice.

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