scholarly journals Synthesis of Novel Dental Nanocomposite Resins by Incorporating Polymerizable, Quaternary Ammonium Silane-Modified Silica Nanoparticles

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1682
Author(s):  
Alexandros K. Nikolaidis ◽  
Elisabeth A. Koulaouzidou ◽  
Christos Gogos ◽  
Dimitris S. Achilias
Keyword(s):  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Dental Materials ◽  
Curing Kinetics ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Dental Composite ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Dental Resins

Diverse approaches dealing with the reinforcement of dental composite resins with quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) have been previously reported. This work aims to investigate the physicochemical and mechanical performance of dental resins containing silica nanofillers with novel QAC. Different types of quaternary ammonium silane compounds (QASiC) were initially synthesized and characterized with proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Silica nanoparticles were surface modified with the above QASiC and the structure of silanized products (S.QASiC) was confirmed by means of FTIR and thermogravimetric analysis. The obtained S.QASiC were then incorporated into methacrylate based dental resins. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed a satisfactory dispersion of silica nanoclusters for most of the synthesized nanocomposites. Curing kinetics disclosed a rise in both the autoacceleration effect and degree of conversion mainly induced by shorter QASiC molecules. Polymerization shrinkage was found to be influenced by the particular type of S.QASiC. The flexural modulus and strength of composites were increased by 74% and 19%, while their compressive strength enhancement reached up to 19% by adding 22 wt% S.QASiC nanoparticles. These findings might contribute to the proper design of multifunctional dental materials able to meet the contemporary challenges in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Physicochemical and Mechanical Properties of Bis-GMA/TEGDMA Dental Composite Resins Enriched with Quaternary Ammonium Polyethylenimine Nanoparticles

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2037
Author(s):  
Izabela M. Barszczewska-Rybarek ◽  
Marta W. Chrószcz ◽  
Grzegorz Chladek
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Dental Materials ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Dental Composite ◽  
Water Contact

Modification of dental monomer compositions with antimicrobial agents must not cause deterioration of the structure, physicochemical, or mechanical properties of the resulting polymers. In this study, 0.5, 1, and 2 wt.% quaternary ammonium polyethylenimine nanoparticles (QA-PEI-NPs) were obtained and admixed with a Bis-GMA/TEGDMA (60:40) composition. Formulations were then photocured and tested for their degree of conversion (DC), polymerization shrinkage (S), glass transition temperature (Tg), water sorption (WS), solubility (SL), water contact angle (WCA), flexural modulus (E), flexural strength (σ), hardness (HB), and impact resistance (an). We found that the DC, S, Tg, WS, E, and HB were not negatively affected by the addition of QA-PEI-NPs. Changes in these values rarely reached statistical significance. On the other hand, the SL increased upon increasing the QA-PEI-NPs concentration, whereas σ and an decreased. These results were usually statistically significant. The WCA values increased slightly, but they remained within the range corresponding to hydrophilic surfaces. To conclude, the addition of 1 wt.% QA-PEI-NPs is suitable for applications in dental materials, as it ensures sufficient physicochemical and mechanical properties.

Preparation of a novel anti shrinking agent (SOC DA) and its evaluation in dental resins

2013 ◽  
Vol 1609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Acosta Ortiz ◽  
Luis Alberto Reyna Medina ◽  
María Lydia Berlanga Duarte ◽  
Aida Esmeralda Garcia Valdez
Keyword(s):  
Dental Materials ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Dental Composite ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Dental Resin ◽  
Dental Resins ◽  
Acrylic Monomers ◽  
Urethane Dimethacrylate ◽  
Acrylate Monomers ◽  
Triethyleneglycol Dimethacrylate

AbstractIn this work is discussed the synthesis of a novel antishrinking agent (SOC DA) and the evaluation of its performance in an acrylic dental resin. SOC DA was photopolymerized in conjunction with the components of a conventional acrylic resin, which includes a mixture of diacrylate monomers [glycerolate bisphenol A dimethacrylate (BIS-GMA) / Urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) / triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA)] in 50/30/20 molar ratio). SOC DA was added in a range between 5.0-20.0 mol % with respect to the total amount of moles of the acrylic monomers. It was found that increasing concentrations of SOC DA, promoted higher conversions of the dimethacrylate monomers without decreasing the photopolymerization rate of the acrylate monomers. The study of the effect of SOC DA on the mechanical properties of the dental composite filled with 70 % of silicon dioxide, revealed that the presence of the antishrinking agent improved both the compressive and the flexural strength of the dental materials. Besides, it was found that by using the SOC DA at 20%, the shrinkage was reduced 52%, compared with the same formulation without SOC DA.

scholarly journals Nanoparticles of Quaternary Ammonium Polyethylenimine Derivatives for Application in Dental Materials

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Chrószcz ◽  
Izabela Barszczewska-Rybarek
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Dental Materials ◽  
Dental Composite ◽  
Composite Matrix ◽  
Orthodontic Adhesives ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Pei Nanoparticles

Various quaternary ammonium polyethylenimine (QA-PEI) derivatives have been synthesized in order to obtain nanoparticles. Due to their antibacterial activity and non-toxicity towards mammalian cells, the QA-PEI nanoparticles have been tested extensively regarding potential applications as biocidal additives in various dental composite materials. Their impact has been examined mostly for dimethacrylate-based restorative materials; however, dental cements, root canal pastes, and orthodontic adhesives have also been tested. Results of those studies showed that the addition of small quantities of QA-PEI nanoparticles, from 0.5 to 2 wt.%, led to efficient and long-lasting antibacterial effects. However, it was also discovered that the intensity of the biocidal activity strongly depended on several chemical factors, including the degree of crosslinking, length of alkyl telomeric chains, degree of N-alkylation, degree of N-methylation, counterion type, and pH. Importantly, the presence of QA-PEI nanoparticles in the studied dental composites did not negatively impact the degree of conversion in the composite matrix, nor its mechanical properties. In this review, we summarized these features and functions in order to present QA-PEI nanoparticles as modern and promising additives for dental materials that can impart unique antibacterial characteristics without deteriorating the products’ structures or mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Molecular Interactions between Saliva and Dental Composites Resins: A Way Forward

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2537
Author(s):  
Veaceslav Șaramet ◽  
Marina Meleșcanu-Imre ◽  
Ana Maria Cristina Țâncu ◽  
Crenguța Cristina Albu ◽  
Alexandra Ripszky-Totan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Materials ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Dental Composite ◽  
Dental Composites ◽  
Oral Biofilm ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Dental Composite Resins ◽  
Molecular Landscape

Dentin and enamel loss related to trauma or especially caries is one of the most common pathological issues in dentistry that requires restoration of the teeth by using materials with appropriate properties. The composite resins represent dental materials with significant importance in today’s dentistry, presenting important qualities, including their mechanical behavior and excellent aesthetics. This paper focuses on the saliva interactions with these materials and on their biocompatibility, which is continuously improved in the new generations of resin-based composites. Starting from the elements involved on the molecular landscape of the dental caries process, the paper presents certain strategies for obtaining more advanced new dental composite resins, as follows: suppression of oral biofilm acids formation, promotion of remineralization process, counteraction of the proteolytic attack, and avoidance of cytotoxic effects; the relation between dental composite resins and salivary oxidative stress biomarkers is also presented in this context.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Light Curing Distance and Mylar Strips Color on Surface Hardness of Two Different Dental Composite Resins

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mostafa Mousavinasab ◽  
Mehrdad Barekatain ◽  
Elahe Sadeghi ◽  
Farzaneh Nourbakhshian ◽  
Amin Davoudi
Keyword(s):  
Dental Materials ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Dental Composite ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Dental Composite Resins ◽  
Light Curing ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Temperature Surface

Introduction:Hardness is one of the basic properties of dental materials, specially composite resins which is relevant to their polymerization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of light curing distance and the color of clear Mylar strips on surface hardness of Silorane-based (SCR) and Methacrylate-based composite resins (MCR).Materials and methods:40 samples of MCRs (Filtek Z250) and SCRs (Filtek P90) were prepared in size of 5 mm×2 mm (80 samples in total). The samples divided into 8 groups (10 samples in each one) based on the color of clear Mylar strips (white or blue) and distance from light curing source (0 mm or 2 mm). All the samples cured for 40 second and stored in incubator for 24 hours in 37°C temperature. Surface hardness test was done by Vickers test machine and the collected data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and paired T-test by using SPSS software version 13 at significant level of 0.05.Results:MCRs cured with blue Mylar strips from 0 mm distance had the highest (114.5 kg/mm2) and SCRs cured with white Mylar strips from 2 mm distance had the lowest (42.2 kg/mm2) mean of surface hardness. Also, the results of comparison among SCRs and MCRs showed significant differences among all groups (all P values <0.01).Conclusion:The hardness decreased as the distance increased and the blue Mylar strips provided higher hardness than clear ones. Also, Filtek Z250 showed higher hardness compared to Filtek P90.

scholarly journals Tuning Nano-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Content in Novel Rechargeable Antibacterial Dental Sealant

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Ibrahim ◽  
Faisal AlQarni ◽  
Yousif Al-Dulaijan ◽  
Michael Weir ◽  
Thomas Oates ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Amorphous Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Dental Materials ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
Dental Sealants ◽  
Mass Fractions ◽  
The Impact

Dental sealants with antibacterial and remineralizing properties are promising for caries prevention among children and adolescents. The application of nanotechnology and polymer development have enabled nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) and dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) to emerge as anti-caries strategies via resin-based dental materials. Our objectives in this study were to (1) incorporate different mass fractions of NACP into a parental rechargeable and antibacterial sealant; (2) investigate the effects on mechanical performance, and (3) assess how the variations in NACP concentration would affect the calcium (Ca) and phosphate (PO4) ion release and re-chargeability over time. NACP were synthesized using a spray-drying technique and incorporated at mass fractions of 0, 10, 20 and 30%. Flexural strength, flexural modulus, and flowability were assessed for mechanical and physical performance. Ca and PO4 ion release were measured over 70 days, and three ion recharging cycles were performed for re-chargeability. The impact of the loading percentage of NACP upon the sealant’s performance was evaluated, and the optimized formulation was eventually selected. The experimental sealant at 20% NACP had flexural strength and flexural modulus of 79.5 ± 8.4 MPa and 4.2 ± 0.4 GPa, respectively, while the flexural strength and flexural modulus of a commercial sealant control were 70.7 ± 5.5 MPa (p > 0.05) and 3.3 ± 0.5 GPa (p < 0.05), respectively. A significant reduction in flow was observed in the experimental sealant at 30% NACP (p < 0.05). Increasing the NACP mass fraction increased the ion release. The sealant formulation with NACP at 20% displayed desirable mechanical performance and ideal flow and handling properties, and also showed high levels of long-term Ca and PO4 ion release and excellent recharge capabilities. The findings provide fundamental data for the development of a new generation of antibacterial and rechargeable Ca and PO4 dental sealants to promote remineralization and inhibit caries.

Investigation of three-body wear of dental materials under different chewing cycles

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 781-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Efe Cetin Yılmaz ◽  
Recep Sadeler
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Dental Materials ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Dental Composite ◽  
Volume Loss ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Three Body

Abstract This paper investigates the three-body wear resistance rates of five restorative dental composite materials at different mastication cycles and compares the results with that of an amalgam material. Five specimens of each material were exposed three-body wear tests using a computer-controlled chewing simulator with steatite balls as the antagonist (1.6 Hz, 49 N load; 120,000, 240,000 and 480,000 mechanical cycles; and thermal cycling between 5 and 55°C at 5 min/cycle and 3000 cycles) immersed in a poppy seed slurry (three-body wear environment). Initially, the microhardness values of the composite materials in the Vicker’s hardness (HV) scale were determined. The mean volume loss of the worn surfaces was measured with a three-dimensional profilometer. Means and standard deviations were calculated, and statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA (α=0.05). Additionally, scanning electron microscopy analysis was performed to examine the wear tracks on the surface. The interactions between the composite resin and mean volume loss were found to be significant. The three-body wear rates for the composites Durafil and Kalore composite were significantly higher than those of the other composites and the amalgam irrespective of the number of mastication cycles. Filtek Z250 and Filtek Supreme composite resins had good three-body wear resistance similar to that of the amalgam. However, this study suggests that the correlation between Vicker’s hardness and three-body wear resistance is not significant.

scholarly journals Estudo in vitro do efeito do tempo de fotopolimerização na pigmentação de resinas compostas

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Henrique Soares Torres ◽  
Luiza Monzoli Covre ◽  
Caio Pimenteira Uchôa ◽  
Déborah Laurindo Pereira Santos ◽  
Renato Torres Augusto Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Color Stability ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Degree Of Conversion ◽  
Dental Composite ◽  
Resin Composites ◽  
Dental Resins ◽  
Halogen Light ◽  
Light Curing

As resinas compostas fotopolimerizáveis têm tido cada vez mais indicações na odontologia restauradora devido às vantagens que apresentam. Porém variações na técnica de fotoativação, densidade de energia, intensidade da luz e tempo de irradiação podem gerar polimerização incompleta, o que pode resultar em uma resina composta com alta porosidade, pouca dureza, baixo polimento, alta capacidade de pigmentação ou efeitos tóxicos na polpa. Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar o efeito do tempo de polimerização na pigmentação extrínseca de três resinas compostas fotopolimerizáveis. Utilizando uma fonte de LED, foram confeccionados 180 espécimes de resina composta microhíbrida, nanohíbrida e nanoparticulada, com diferentes protocolos de polimerização. Os espécimes foram subdivididos em grupos de acordo com o agente pigmentante. Com o uso de um colorímetro, foram analisados quanto à mudança de cor (ΔE). Os dados foram submetidos ao teste ANOVA e Duncan (α=0,05). A resina composta microhíbrida apresentou os menores valores de ΔE em comparação à nanoparticulada e à nanohíbrida quando imersos em vinho. Quanto maior o tempo de polimerização menores valores de ΔE foram obtidos. Não somente o tempo de polimerização influencia no grau de pigmentação, mas também fatores intrínsecos às resinas compostas tais como carga, agente fotoiniciador e matriz orgânica.Descritores: Autocura de Resinas Dentárias; Materiais Dentários; Pigmentação.ReferênciasMatson MR, Matson AMFP. Avaliação do grau de conversão de resinas compostas quando ativadas por luz halógena: método convencional, alta potência e método “soft”. Rev Inst Ciênc Saúde. 2006;24(4):307-11.Delaviz Y, Finer Y, Santerre JP. Biodegradation of resin composites and adhesivesby oral bacteria and saliva: A rationale for new material designs that consider the clinical environment and treatment challenges. Dent Mater. 2014;30(1):16-32.Nahsan FPS, Ueda JK, Silva JO, Schimitt VL, Naufel FS, Formighieri LA et al. Estabilidade de cor de resina composta após imersão em café, água e solução de clorexidina. Rev Bras Pesq Saúde. 2009;11(2):13-7.Al  Kheraif  AA,  Qasim  SS,  Ramakrishnaiah  R,  Rehman  I.  Effect  of different beverages on the color stability and degree of conversion of nano and microhybrid composites. Dent Mater J. 2013;(32)2:326-31.Ceballos L, Fuentes MV, Tafalla H, Martínez A, Flores J, Rodríguez J. Curing effectiveness of resin composites at different exposure times using LED and halogen units. Med Oral Pathol Oral Cir Bucal 2009;14(1):e51-6.Rahiotis C, Patsouri K, Silikas N, Kakaboura A. Curing efficiency of high- intensity light-emitting diode (LED) devices. J Oral Sci.  2010; 52(2):187-95.Sgarbi SC, Pereira SK, Martins JMH, Oliveira MAC, Mazur RF. Degree of conversion of resin composites light activated by halogen light and led analyzed by ultraviolet spectrometry. Rev Clín Pesq Odontol. 2010;6(3):223-30.Caldarelli PG, Beltrani FC, Santos FA, Shibayama R, Hoepper  MG. Manchamento de uma resina composta e sua Relação com o efeito da intensidade da luz Emitida por aparelhos fotopolimerizadores de Lâmpada halôgena. Rev Fac Odontol Aracatuba. 2011;(32)2:44-8.Valentini F, Oliveira SGD, Guimarães GZ, Barbosa RPS, Moraes RR. Effect of surface sealant on the color stability of composite resin restorations. Braz Dent J. 2011;22(5):365-68.Freitas ABDA, Gomes HR, Guimarães FBR, Marinho VA, Barros LM. Influência do tipo de aparelho fotopolimerizador na absorção de água por restaurações de resina composta. Rev Inst Ciênc Saúde.  2008;(26)1:65-9.Porto ICCM, Soares LES, Martin AA, Cavalli V, Liporoni PCS. Influence of the photoinitiator system and light photoactivation units on the degree of conversion  of  dental  composites. Braz Oral Res. 2010;24(4):475-81.Pequeno JHP, Araújo GS, Neri JR, Bomfim AGM, Mendonça JS, Santiago SL. Efeito dos protocolos de fotoativação na dureza de uma resina composta nanoparticulada. ROBRAC. 2012;21(56):394-97.Uhl A, Mills RW, Rzanny AE, Jandt KD. Time dependence of composite shrinkage using halogen and LED light curing. Dent Mater. 2005;21(3):278-86.Eick JD, Kotha SP, Chappelow CC, Kilway KV, Giese GJ, Glaros AG et al. Properties of  silorane-based  dental resins and composites containing    a    stressreducing  monomer. Dent Mater. 2007;23(8):1011-17.Neumann MG, Schmitt CC, Ferreira GC, Correa IC. The initiating radical yields and the efficiency of polymerization for various dental photoinitiators excited by different lightcuring units. Dent Mater. 2006;22(6):576-84.Asmussen   E,  Peutzfeldt   A.   Influence   of   composition   on   rate   of polymerization contraction of light-curing resin composites. Acta Odontol Scand. 2002;60(3):146-50.Silva EH, Albuquerque RC, Lanza LD, Vieira GC, Peixoto RT, Alvim HH et al. Influence of different light sources on the conversion of composite resins. Indian J Dent Res. 2011;22(6):790-94.Souza E, Espíndola M, Diegoli NM, Kuroshima KN. Avaliação da alteração de cor de diferentes compósitos restauradores - influência de corantes usados na cavidade oral - estudo in vitro. RGO. 2006;54(1):43-6.Salvego RN, Dias RPB. Figueiredo JLG. Estabilidade de cor de resinas compostas no processo de manchamento e clareamento, Rev Dental Press Estét. 2013;10(3):54-62.Firoozmandi LM, Balducci I, Araújo MAM.  Influência da Fotopolimerização e da Cor da Resina Composta na Microdureza. Pesq Bras Odontoped Clín Integr. 2009;9(1):37-42.Anfe TEA, Agra CM, Vieira GF. Comparação de duas técnicas de fotoativação na sorção e solubilidade de resinas compostas em solução de etanol. J Biodent Biomater. 2011;1(1):61-7.Villalta P, Lu H, Okte Z, Garcia-Godoy F, Powers JM. Effects of staining and bleaching on color change of dental composite resins. J Prosthet Dent. 2006;95(2):137-42.Barghi N, Berry T, Hatton C. Evaluation intensity output of curing lights in private dental offices. J. am. dent. assoc. 1994;125(7):992-96.Santini A, Miletic V, Swift MD, Bradley M. Degree of conversion and microhardness of TPO-containing resin-based composites cured by polywave and monowave LED units. J Dent. 2012;40(7):577-84.

scholarly journals Ageing of Dental Composites Based on Methacrylate Resins—A Critical Review of the Causes and Method of Assessment

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Szczesio-Wlodarczyk ◽  
Jerzy Sokolowski ◽  
Joanna Kleczewska ◽  
Kinga Bociong
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Dental Materials ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Dental Composite ◽  
Ageing Process ◽  
Inorganic Filler ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Dental Resins ◽  
Oral Environment

The paper reviews the environmental factors affecting ageing processes, and the degradation of resins, filler, and the filler-matrix interface. It discusses the current methods of testing materials in vitro. A review of literature was conducted with the main sources being PubMed. ScienceDirect, Mendeley, and Google Scholar were used as other resources. Studies were selected based on relevance, with a preference given to recent research. The ageing process is an inherent element of the use of resin composites in the oral environment, which is very complex and changes dynamically. The hydrolysis of dental resins is accelerated by some substances (enzymes, acids). Bonds formed between coupling agent and inorganic filler are prone to hydrolysis. Methods for prediction of long-term behaviour are not included in composite standards. Given the very complex chemical composition of the oral environment, ageing tests based on water can only provide a limited view of the clinical performance of biomaterial. Systems that can reproduce dynamic changes in stress (thermal cycling, fatigue tests) are better able to mimic clinical conditions and could be extremely valuable in predicting dental composite clinical performance. It is essential to identify procedure to determine the ageing process of dental materials.

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