Using Sulfobutylated and Sulfomethylated Lignin as Dispersant for Kaolin Suspension

Kraft lignin is an abundant natural resource, but it is underutilized. In this study, sulfoalkylated lignin derivatives with similar charge densities but with different alkyl chain length were produced via sulfobutylation and sulfomethylation reactions. The contact angle studies revealed that sulfobutylated lignin (SBL) with longer alkyl chains had a higher hydrophobicity than sulfomethylated lignin (SML) did. The adsorption behavior of sulfoalkylated lignins was studied using a Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) on Al2O3 coated surface as representative of positively charged sites of kaolin particles. The results of adsorption studies showed that SBL deposited more greatly than SML did on the Al2O3 surface, and it generated a thicker but less viscoelastic adlayer on the surface. The adlayer thickness and configuration of molecules on the surface were also related to the zeta potential and stabilization performance of the polymers in the kaolin suspension system. The results also confirmed that both lignin derivatives were very effective in dispersing kaolin particles at neutral pH, and their effectiveness was hampered under alkaline or acidic pH.

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Untersuchungen der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit homologer 4,4′-Di-n-alkyloxy-azoxybenzole im nematischen Phasenbereich / Investigation of the Electric Conductivity of Homologous 4,4′-Di-n-alkoxyazoxybenzenes in their Nematic Phase

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A ◽

10.1515/zna-1975-0310 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 316-322 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

G. Heppke ◽

F. Schneider

Keyword(s):

Electric Conductivity ◽

Chain Length ◽

Nematic Phase ◽

Alkyl Chain ◽

Electrolyte Concentration ◽

Alkyl Chain Length ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Alkyl Chains ◽

Long Chains

The effect of temperature and concentration of the added electrolyte tetrabutylammoniumpicrate on the electric conductivity of homologous 4,4′-di-n-alkoxyazoxybenzenes (C1 to C8) in their nematic phase is investigated. In general an increase of the alkyl chain length results in a decrease of the ratio of anisotropy x∥/x⊥. At the lowest temperature of the nematic phase values between 1,6 (C2) and 0,45 (C8) are obtained. This behaviour can be explained by the formation of cybotactic groups with a smectic structure. Increasing the electrolyte concentration reduces the ratio of anisotropy for short alkyl chains, whereas for long chains the ratio rapidly increases.

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Understanding the effect of alkyl chains of gemini cations on the physicochemical and cellular properties of polyurethane micelles

Biomaterials Science ◽

10.1039/c8bm00431e ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (7) ◽

pp. 1899-1907 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Zhicheng Pan ◽

Danxuan Fang ◽

Yuanqing Song ◽

Nijia Song ◽

Mingming Ding ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Charge ◽

Chain Length ◽

Alkyl Chain ◽

Alkyl Chain Length ◽

Absorption Properties ◽

Protein Absorption ◽

Alkyl Chains

The alteration of the gemini alkyl chain length could affect the surface charge exposure, stability, and the protein absorption properties of nanocarriers.

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Thermal stability of imidazolium-based ionic liquids

French-Ukrainian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.17721/fujcv4i1p51-64 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 51-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Léa Chancelier ◽

Olivier Boyron ◽

Thibaut Gutel ◽

Catherine Santini

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stability ◽

Ionic Liquids ◽

Hydrogen Bonds ◽

Alkyl Chain ◽

Alkyl Chain Length ◽

Van Der Waals Interactions ◽

Alkyl Chains ◽

Coulombic Interactions ◽

The Impact ◽

Thermal Stability Of

This work highlights the factors tuning the thermal stability of imidazolium-based ionic liquids (IL) associated to bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide anion [NTf2]. The decomposition temperatures (Td) were evaluated by thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) with optimized parameters to obtain reproducible Td. The impact of the alkyl chain length and of the presence of functional groups and unsaturations on Td were evaluated. The thermal behaviour was governed by Van der Waals interactions between alkyl chains, and by inter and intra coulombic interactions such as hydrogen bonds.

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Inhibitive Performance of 1,4/1,6-Bis(α-Alkyl Pyridinium ) Butane/Hexane Dibromide on A3 Steel

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.339.96 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 339 ◽

pp. 96-102

Author(s):

Xiao Hui Jiang ◽

Li Mei Zhou ◽

Shan Zhuo Yao ◽

Ming Duan ◽

Xing Qi Hu

Keyword(s):

Self Assembly ◽

Gemini Surfactants ◽

Alkyl Chain ◽

Charge Transfer Resistance ◽

Inhibition Rate ◽

Gravimetric Measurement ◽

Transfer Resistance ◽

Alkyl Chains ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Positively Charged

1,6-bis(α-alkyl pyridinium ) hexane dibromide was synthesized and confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR and MS. The inhibitive effect of the gemini surfactants for A3 steel in 20% hydrochloric acid was evaluated by gravimetric measurement and electrochemical method. The results indicated that the inhibitive efficiency of the gemini surfactants was affected by the concentration, the length of alkyl chain and spacer in the gemini surfactants. The inhibition rate increased with concentration, the surfactants with four methylenes as spacer showed a slightly better anticorrosive performance than those with six methylenes, and the gemini surfactants with decyl chains exhibited the best inhibitive efficiency. The adsorption of these gemini surfactants on the surface of A3 steel was in accordance with Langmuir isotherm. The electrochemical experiment revealed that the gemini surfactants were mix-type inhibitors. The current density decreased noticeably with the concentration while the charge-transfer resistance increased. The pyridinium rings and positively charged nitrogen atoms in the gemini molecule adsorbed on A3 steel surface and the alkyl chains formed a hydrophobic layer by virtue of self-assembly property of surfactants. Therefore the corrosion of A3 steel was effectively inhibited by the gemini surfactants.

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Modeling the interfacial thermal resistance of diamond nanorod composites and related materials

International Journal of Computational Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1142/s2047684114500146 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 03 (03) ◽

pp. 1450014 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tad Whiteside ◽

Marie A. Priest ◽

Clifford W. Padgett

Keyword(s):

Molecular Dynamics ◽

Carbon Nanotube ◽

Thermal Resistance ◽

Composite System ◽

Functional Group ◽

Alkyl Chain ◽

Alkyl Chain Length ◽

Interfacial Thermal Resistance ◽

Alkyl Chains ◽

Dynamics Simulations

In this paper, the effect on the interfacial thermal resistance between a composite system composed of a carbon nanotube or diamond nanorod and an octane matrix by the functionalization of those nanostructures with alkyl chains has been examined using molecular dynamics simulations. The effect of functionalization was studied by varying the percent functionalization from 0.00% to 2.00% using octyl as the functional group. As the percent functionalization increased, both systems showed a decrease in the interfacial thermal resistance. At 1.00% functionalization, as the alkyl chain length was increased from one to eight atoms, the interfacial thermal resistance of the carbon nanotube systems decreased to a minimum, while in the diamond nanorod system the interfacial thermal resistance remained constant.

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Biological Activity of New N-Oxides of Tertiary Amines

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2006-9-1018 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 61 (9-10) ◽

pp. 715-720 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Halina Kleszczyńska ◽

Krzysztof Bielecki ◽

Janusz Sarapuk ◽

Dorota Bonarska-Kujawa ◽

Hanna Pruchnik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Membrane Potential ◽

Chain Length ◽

Alkyl Chain ◽

Alkyl Chain Length ◽

Resting Membrane Potential ◽

Tertiary Amines ◽

Alkyl Chains ◽

Main Transition ◽

Chain Compounds ◽

Potassium Leakage

AbstractPotential biological properties of newly synthesized single and double alkyl chain N-oxides of tertiary amines (NTA) were studied. Individual compounds in each of the series had alkyl chains of different length. Various experiments were performed to determine a mechanism of the interaction between NTA and model and biological membranes. These were measurements of hemolytic efficiencies of NTA (pig erythrocytes), their influence on the transition temperatures (DPPC liposomes), on potassium leakage from cucumber, its growth and chlorophyll content (Cucumis sativus cv. Krak F1), and on the resting membrane potential in alga cells (Nitellopsis obtusa). Also, prevention of erythrocyte membrane lipid oxidation induced by UV irradiation was studied. Potential antioxidative properties of NTA were additionally tested in radical chromogen (ABTS●+) experiments in which antioxidative efficiencies of NTA were compared to that of the standard antioxidant Trolox. It was found that NTA readily interacted with erythrocyte membranes. Their hemolyzing efficiency increased with the alkyl chain length. Slightly more intensive interaction was found for double alkyl chain compounds. Similar results were obtained in DSC experiments, where incorporation of NTA into liposomal membranes shifted the main transition temperatures and caused a broadening of the main transition peaks depending on the alkyl chain length. Double alkyl chain compounds were also found more efficiently influencing the growth of cucumber. Influence of NTA on the resting membrane potential of algae cells was not quite following the alkyl chain length rule found in erythrocyte and liposome experiments. Also potassium leakage and chlorophyll content determined in physiological experiments were not following the increase of lipophilicity of compounds. Most efficiently influencing those parameters were NTA having shorter alkyl chains, and efficiencies of single alkyl chain compounds were evidently stronger. Both methods used to test the antioxidative properties of NTA showed that they depended on the alkyl chain lengths of compounds within each series, but double alkyl chain ones exhibited markedly greater efficiency.

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Effects of alkyl chain length and the mixing of homologues with different alkyl chains on the leaching characteristics of benzalkonium chloride

Wood Science and Technology ◽

10.1007/s00226-008-0205-6 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 43 (3-4) ◽

pp. 225-235 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Teruhisa Miyauchi ◽

Mitsunori Mori

Keyword(s):

Chain Length ◽

Benzalkonium Chloride ◽

Alkyl Chain ◽

Alkyl Chain Length ◽

Alkyl Chains ◽

Leaching Characteristics

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Structural Optimization of Alkylbenzenes as Graphene Dispersants

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr8020238 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 238

Author(s):

Shimpei Takeda ◽

Yuta Nishina

Keyword(s):

Aromatic Compounds ◽

Mass Production ◽

Alkyl Chain ◽

Molecular Design ◽

Vital Role ◽

Alkyl Chain Length ◽

Alkyl Chains ◽

Graphene Dispersion ◽

Liquid Phase Exfoliation ◽

Dispersing Agents

Among the several methods of producing graphene, the liquid-phase exfoliation of graphite is attractive because of a simple and easy procedure, being expected for mass production. The dispersibility of graphene can be improved by adding a dispersant molecule that interacts with graphene, but the appropriate molecular design has not been proposed. In this study, we focused on aromatic compounds with alkyl chains as dispersing agents. We synthesized a series of alkyl aromatic compounds and evaluated their performance as a dispersant for graphene. The results suggest that the alkyl chain length and solubility in the solvent play a vital role in graphene dispersion.

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