scholarly journals Chitosan-Urea Nanocomposite for Improved Fertilizer Applications: The Effect on the Soil Enzymatic Activities and Microflora Dynamics in N Cycle of Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 2887
Author(s):  
Rohini Kondal ◽  
Anu Kalia ◽  
Ondrej Krejcar ◽  
Kamil Kuca ◽  
Sat Pal Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Hydrolysis Rate ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizer ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
N Dynamics ◽  
Soil Enzymatic Activities ◽  
The Impact

The impact of polymer-based slow-release urea formulations on soil microbial N dynamics in potatoes has been sparingly deciphered. The present study investigated the effect of a biodegradable nano-polymer urea formulation on soil enzymatic activities and microflora involved in the N cycling of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). The nano-chitosan-urea composite (NCUC) treatment significantly increased the soil dehydrogenase activity, organic carbon content and available potassium compared to the conventional urea (CU) treatment. The soil ammonical nitrogen (NH4+-N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N) contents and urease activity were significantly decreased in the NCUC-amended soil. The slow urea hydrolysis rate led to low concentrations of NH4+-N and NO3−-N in the tested potato soil. Furthermore, these results corroborate the low count of ammonia oxidizer and nitrate reducer populations. Quantitative PCR (q-PCR) studies revealed that the relative abundance of eubacterial (AOB) and archaeal ammonia-oxidizing (AOA) populations was reduced in the NCUC-treated soil compared to CU. The abundance of AOA was particularly lower than AOB, probably due to the more neutral and alkaline conditions of the tested soil. Our results suggest that the biodegradable polymer urea composite had a significant effect on the microbiota associated with soil N dynamics. Therefore, the developed NCUC could be used as a slow N-release fertilizer for enhanced growth and crop yields of potato.

scholarly journals Динамика поражения сортов картофеля вирусом Y в полевых условиях

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.S. Panicheva ◽  
D.M. Vasiliev ◽  
T.P. Suprunova ◽  
A.N. Sakharov ◽  
A.N. Ignatov
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Tuber Quality ◽  
Biometric Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Картофель (Solanum tuberosum L.) – одна из наиболее важных продовольственных культур в мире. Высокая заболеваемость картофеля вирусными болезнями серьезно влияет на урожайность культуры, приводя к экономическим потерям из-за выбраковки семенного картофеля и увеличения потерь при хранении. Вирус картофеля Y (Potato Virus Y, PVY) – наиболее распространенный и экономически значимый вирус по воздействию на урожай и качество клубней. В России общая частота заражения партий семенного картофеля вариантами PVY, по литературным данным, составляет не менее 55,8%. Цель исследования: влияние сорта картофеля на динамику накопления и распространения вирусной инфекции PVY в полевых условиях. Динамика накопления и распространения вирусной инфекции PVY была изучена в 2017–2018 годах на растениях 6 сортов картофеля (Торонто, Индиго, Манхеттен, Лайонхарт, Кармен, Вализа) селекции СГЦ «Дока-генные технологии» (Рогачево, Московская обл.) при различной степени семенного заражения. В полевом сезоне 2017 года на трех различных участках (с исходной зараженностью вирусами Y, X, S, M, A и PLRV не более 1%) была проведена искусственная инокуляция растений вирусом Y (штамм PVY-O). В 2018 году был собран посадочный материал шести сортов картофеля, удовлетворявший требованиям по сортовому разнообразию и контрастной зараженности в виде клубней, мини-клубней или микроклональных растений. Для оценки степени поражения отдельных растений использовали девятибалльную шкалу оценки вирусоустойчивости, для оценки влияния зараженности вирусом Y на рост растений был проведен биометрический анализ растений. Показ+ано, что при оптимальных условиях для развития и распространения вирусной инфекции в поле в 2018 году, динамика накопления вируса зависела от начальной степени зараженности растений и от сорта, а урожайность не коррелировала с ростом надземной части растений картофеля. При непосредственном соседстве здоровых и зараженных растений наблюдалось быстрое распространение патогена даже при использовании средств борьбы с переносчиками вируса.Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) are one of the most important food crops in the world. The high incidence of viral diseases in potatoes has a serious impact on crop yields, resulting in economic losses due to culling of seed potatoes and increased storage losses. Potato Virus Y (Potato Virus Y, PVY) is the most common and economically significant virus in terms of crop and tuber quality effects. In Russia, the total frequency of infection of seed potato batches with PVY variants, according to literature data, is over 55.8%. The aim of our study was to study the effect of potato variety on the dynamics of accumulation and spread of PVY virus infection in the field. Dynamics of accumulation and spread of virus infection PVY under field conditions was studied in 2017–2018 plants of 6 varieties of potatoes (Toronto, Indigo, Manhattan, Lionhart, Carmen, Valiza) selection of LLC SGC Doka-gene (Rogachevo, Moscow region) under different levels of seed infection. In the 2017 field season, artificial inoculation of plants with Y virus (strain PVY-O) was carried out at three different sites (with initial infection with Y, X, S, M, A and PLRV viruses not exceeding 1%). In 2018, the planting material of 6 potato varieties was collected, which met the requirements for varietal diversity and contrast contamination in the form of tubers, mini-tubers or microclonal plants. To assess the degree of damage to individual plants, a 9-point scale of viral resistance was used, to assess the impact of y virus infection on plant growth, a biometric analysis of plants was carried out. It is shown that under optimal conditions for the development and spread of viral infection in the field in 2018, the dynamics of virus accumulation depended on the initial degree of infection of plants and on the variety, and the yield did not correlate with the growth of the above-ground part of potato plants. In the immediate vicinity of healthy and infected plants, there was a rapid spread of the pathogen, even with the use of vector control.

scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Changes the Impact of Potato Virus Y on Growth and Stress Tolerance of Solanum tuberosum L. in vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edyta Deja-Sikora ◽  
Anita Kowalczyk ◽  
Alina Trejgell ◽  
Adriana Szmidt-Jaworska ◽  
Christel Baum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
The Impact

Sewage water irrigation effects on some potentially toxic trace elements in soil and potato plants in northwestern India

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Brar ◽  
S. S. Malhi ◽  
A. P. Singh ◽  
C. L. Arora ◽  
K. S. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Leather Industry ◽  
Northwestern India ◽  
Industry Effluent

Sewage water is used for irrigation to improve crop yields, but it may affect the soil and crop quality. The effects of discharging the effluents of a leather complex on the concentrations of some potentially toxic elements (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Al, As, Cr and Ni) in sewage water and the effects of irrigation with contaminated sewage water on the concentrations of these elements in soils and in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) leaves and tubers were studied near Jalandhar city, Punjab, in northwestern India. Two treatments were 10 yr of irrigation with 300 mm of sewage water + 300 mm of ground water per annum (SW) and with 600 mm of ground water per annum (GW). Soils of the study fields were Typic Ustochripts with sandy to loamy sand texture. The concentrations of all elements except As increased following the addition of leather complex effluents in the sewage water, with the biggest increase in the concentration of Cr (from 2.7 mg to 14.0 mg Cr L−1). The SW treatment increased concentrations of all elements in soil except As, and the increase was significant to 60 cm depth for Fe, Mn, Zn, Al and Ni and to 30 cm depth for Cu and Cr. Irrigation with SW also increased the concentrations of these elements in potato leaves and tubers and the increase was generally higher in leaves than in tubers. The proportional increase of Cu, Fe, Zn and Al was less in plants than in soils, that of Mn and Cr was almost similar in plants and in soil, and that of Ni was more in plants than in soil. These elements, which accumulate in soils and crops, may become health hazards to humans and/or animals. Therefore, continued monitoring of the concentrations of potentially toxic elements in soil and plants and/or treatment of sewage water before using for irrigation is needed. Key words: Irrigation, leather industry effluent, Solanum tuberosum, potentially toxic elements, sewage water

scholarly journals Monitoring of a Calcium Biofortification Workflow for Tubers of Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Picasso Using Smart Farming Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Ana Rita F. Coelho ◽  
Inês Carmo Luís ◽  
Ana Coelho Marques ◽  
Cláudia Campos Pessoa ◽  
Diana Daccak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Test System ◽  
Experimental Production ◽  
Large Crop ◽  
The Impact

Due to the rapid growth of the population worldwide and the need to provide food safety in large crop productions, UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles) are being used in agriculture to provide valuable data for decision making. Accordingly, through precision agriculture, efficient management of resources, using data obtained by the technologies, is possible. Through remote sensed data collected in a crop region, it is possible to create NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) maps, which are a powerful tool to detect stresses, namely, in plants. Accordingly, using smart farm technology, this study aimed to assess the impact of Ca biofortification on leaves of Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Picasso. As such, using an experimental production field of potato tubers (GPS coordinates: 39°16′38,816′′ N; 9°15′9128′′ W) as a test system, plants were submitted to a Ca biofortification workflow through foliar spraying with CaCl2 or, alternatively, chelated calcium (Ca-EDTA) at concentrations of 12 and 24 kg·ha−1. A lower average NDVI in Ca-EDTA 12 kg·ha−1 treatment after the fourth foliar application was found, which, through the application of the CieLab scale, correlated with lower L (darker color) and hue parameters, regarding control plants. Additionally, a higher Ca content was quantified in the leaves. The obtained data are discussed, and it is concluded that Ca-EDTA 12 kg·ha−1 triggers lower vigor in Picasso potatoes leaves.

scholarly journals Infection With X and Y Viruses of Planting Material of Potato Varieties (Solanum tuberosum L.) Grown in the Perm Krai

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 203-210
Author(s):  
V. Pechenkina ◽  
S. Boronnikova
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Potato Viruses ◽  
Private Households ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Perm Krai

Monitoring of potato varieties phytosanitary status is a necessary measure of its stable yield, since due to the vegetative propagation method, the accumulation of viruses increases over generations. Fourteen varieties of Solanum tuberosum L. grown in the Perm Territory were studied for infection with the potato viruses PVX (X) and PVY (Y). Among them six (Rosara, Impala, Aladdin, Lady Claire, Gala, Madeira) are varieties of foreign selection, and 8 varieties (Golubizna, Udacha, Krasavchik, Charodei, Nevsky, Otrada, Tescha, Elizaveta) — domestic selection. Real-time PCR method was used for material investigation, since it allows quick and efficient evaluation of plant material for the presence of viral infection. During real-time PCR Y potato virus was detected in all 90 samples of 14 studied potato varieties from three storage locations. Potato X virus was detected in 54 samples of 11 studied potato varieties from three different storage locations. It was established that the studied planting material of all 14 varieties of potatoes is infected with the Y virus, which affects crop yields to a greater extent. Private households are most susceptible to infection of planting material with X and Y potato viruses. Recommendations are given on reducing the viral diseases of potato planting material.

scholarly journals Variability in Fruit Yield and Quality of Genetically Diverse Tomato Cultivars in Response to Different Biochars

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvir Tenic ◽  
Daylen Isaac ◽  
Rishikesh Ghogare ◽  
Amit Dhingra
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundIntensive agricultural practices have reduced soil health thereby negatively impacting crop yields. There is a need to maintain healthy soils and restore marginal lands to ensure efficient food production. Biochar, a porous carbon-rich material generated from pyrolysis of various feedstock sources is receiving attention as a soil amendment that has the potential to restore soil organic carbon content and also enhance crop yields. However, the physical and chemical properties of biochar are influenced by pyrolysis parameters. These in turn determine its interaction with the soil, thereby influencing its biological properties in terms of impact on soil microcosm and plant productivity. While most studies report the evaluation of one biochar and a single plant cultivar, the role of the plant’s genetic background in responding to biochar as a soil amendment remains unanswered. The impact of six distinct biochars on agronomic performance and fruit quality of three genetically diverse tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivars was evaluated to test the hypotheses that 1) biochars derived from different feedstock sources would produce unique phenotypes in a single cultivar of tomato, and 2) single feedstock-derived BC would produce different phenotypes in each of the three tomato cultivars.ResultsDifferent biochars impacted shoot dry weight, total fruit weight, and yield per plant in each cultivar differently. Both positive and negative effects were observed depending on the biochar-cultivar combination. In ‘Oregon Spring’, Ryegrass straw and CoolTerra biochar enhanced yield. In ‘Heinz’, an increase in fruit weight and citric acid was observed with several of the biochars. In ‘Cobra’, improved yields were accompanied by reduction in fruit quality parameters. Both hypotheses were supported by the data.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that the genetic background of a plant is an important variable in determining the outcome of using biochar as a soil amendment. Strategies for application of biochar in agricultural production should consider the variables of soil type, feedstock source, pyrolysis parameters and plant genetic background for enhancing crop productivity and carbon sequestration.

scholarly journals Irrigation Management in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Production: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1504
Author(s):  
Koffi Djaman ◽  
Suat Irmak ◽  
Komlan Koudahe ◽  
Samuel Allen
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Irrigation Methods ◽  
Response To Water ◽  
The Impact

Limited water resources coupled with the increase of the human population calls for more efficient use of water in irrigated agriculture. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most widely grown crops worldwide and is very sensitive to water stress due to its shallow rooting system. With the dilemma of potato sensitivity to drought and limited available water resources restricting crop production, researchers and crop growers have been investigating different approaches for optimizing potato yield and improving crop water use efficiency under different irrigation methods. While potato response to water is affected by other management practices such as fertilizer management, the present review is focused on the potato response to water under different environments and different irrigation methods and the impact on potato quality and potato diseases. Variable results obtained from research studies indicate the non-transferability of the results from one location to another as potato cultivars are not the same and potato breeders are still making effort to develop new high-yielding varieties to increase crop production and or develop new varieties for a specific trait to satisfy consumers exigence. This review is a valuable source of information for potato growers and scientists as it is not only focused on the impact of irrigation regimes on potato yield and water productivity as most reviews on water management, but it also presents the impact of irrigation regime on diseases in potatoes, tuber specific gravity, metabolite content of the tubers and the quality of the processed potato products.

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