scholarly journals Influence of Adhesive Systems on the Mechanical and Physical Properties of Flax Fiber Reinforced Beech Plywood

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 3086
Author(s):  
Johannes Jorda ◽  
Günther Kain ◽  
Marius-Catalin Barbu ◽  
Alexander Petutschnigg ◽  
Pavel Král
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Elasticity Modulus ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Flax Fiber ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Adhesive Systems ◽  
Screw Withdrawal

In order to improve the acceptance of broader industrial application of flax fiber reinforced beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) plywood, five different industrial applicated adhesive systems were tested. Epoxy resin, urea-formaldehyde, melamine-urea formaldehyde, isocyanate MDI prepolymer, and polyurethane displayed a divergent picture in improving the mechanical properties—modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, tensile strength, shear strength and screw withdrawal resistance—of flax fiber-reinforced plywood. Epoxy resin is well suited for flax fiber reinforcement, whereas urea-formaldehyde, melamine urea-formaldehyde, and isocyanate prepolymer improved modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, shear strength, and screw withdrawal resistance, but lowered tensile strength. Polyurethane lowered the mechanical properties of flax fiber reinforced plywood. Flax fiber reinforced epoxy resin bonded plywood exceeded glass fiber reinforced plywood in terms of shear strength, modulus of elasticity, and modulus of rupture.

scholarly journals Efficiency of High-Frequency Pressing of Spruce Laminated Timber Bonded with Casein Adhesives

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 4237
Author(s):  
Andreas Herzog ◽  
Tobias Kerschbaumer ◽  
Ronald Schwarzenbrunner ◽  
Marius-Cătălin Barbu ◽  
Alexander Petutschnigg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Wood Panel ◽  
Wood Panels ◽  
Screw Withdrawal ◽  
Compression Shear Strength ◽  
Control Samples

This study identifies the importance of reducing press times by employing high-frequency pressing of spruce-laminated timber bound with sustainable casein adhesives. Spruce lamellas with dimensions of 12 × 10 × 75 cm were bonded into five-layered laminated timber and then separated into single-layer solid wood panels. Three types of casein (acid casein from two sources and rennin) were used. To compare the effectiveness of the casein formulation, two control samples bonded with polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) adhesive were pressed at room temperature (20 °C) and also with high-frequency equipment. The tests included compression shear strength, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and screw withdrawal resistance on the wood panel surface and in the glue line. The average values of casein-bonded samples compression strengths ranged from 1.16 N/mm2 and 2.28 N/mm2, for modulus of rupture (MOR) were measured 85 N/mm2 to 101 N/mm2 and for modulus of elasticity (MOE) 12,200 N/mm2 to 14,300 N/mm2. The screw withdrawal resistance (SWR) on the surface of the wood panels ranged from 91 N/mm to 117 N/mm and in the adhesive line from 91 N/mm to 118 N/mm. Control samples bonded with PVAc adhesive did not perform better for compression shear strength, MOR and MOE, but for SWR in the adhesive line with 114 N/mm. Casein-bonded spruce timber pressed with HF equipment represents a sustainable new product with reduced press times, hazardous emissions and improved workability.

scholarly journals SIFAT PAPAN PARTIKEL DARI SERAT TANDAN KOSONG SAWIT DAN SERBUK KAYU DENGAN PEREKAT UREA FORMALDEHIDA (The Properties of Particle Board from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Fiber Sawdust with Urea Formaldehyde Resin)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Djoko Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Internal Bond ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Internal Bond Strength ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Particle Board ◽  
Palm Fiber ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Screw Withdrawal

A palm oil mill with a capacity of hundred thousand tons of fresh fruit bunches per year will produce palm fiber waste about 12,000 tons. Recently, the use of palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) fiber is as fuel for electricity generation in the industry. Palm fiber waste contains lignocellulose materials as a feedstock to particle board manufacture. The aim of this research is to evaluate the properties of particle board from a mixture of OPEFB fiber and sawdust. The ratio of OPEFB fiber and sawdust are 100% : 0%; 75% : 25%; 50% : 50%; 25% : 75% and 0% : 100%, plus urea formaldehyde adhesive in a concentration of 11%. The boards were pressed using a clamp pressure of 16 kg/cm2 for 15 minutes at a temperature of 110 – 120 0C. The testing methods and standards of physical properties (moisture contents, thickness swelling, density) and mechanical (modulus of elasticity/MOE, modulus of rupture/MOR, screw withdrawal and internal bond strengths) refers to the SNI. 03 – 2105 - 2006. The results showed that the particle board made from 100% OPEFB fiber produces modulus of elasticity/MOE 1594.88 kg/cm2; modulus of rupture/MOR 18.08 kg/cm2; screw withdrawal 31.34 kg/cm2 and internal bond strength 0.86 kg/cm2. The addition of sawdust for 50% can improve modulus of elasticity/MOE, modulus of rupture/MOR and internal bond strength.

scholarly journals Mechanical properties of coconut shell particle board using epoxy resin adhesive

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Zia Nurkhalida Hatta ◽  
Mursal Mursal ◽  
Ismail Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Elasticity Modulus ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Particle Board ◽  
Shell Composition

Abstrak. Papan partikel merupakan komposit yang tersusun dari filler (penguat) dan matriks (pengikat). Papan partikel dapat dibuat dari bahan limbah pertanian yang mengandung selulosa seperti tempurung kelapa. Penelitian ini menggunakan limbah tempurung kelapa sebagai filler dan resin epoksi (RE) sebagai matriks. Penelitian dilakukan dengan memvariasikan ukuran partikel tempurung kelapa (60, 80, 100 dan 120 mesh) dan komposisi filler tempurung kelapa:perekat RE (70:30, 75:25, 80:20, dan 85:15 vol.%) untuk memperoleh sifat mekanik yang terbaik. Sifat mekanik yang diuji adalah modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, dan kuat tekan. Sifat mekanik papan partikel diuji sesuai standar ASTM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sifat mekanik menurun dengan bertambahnya komposisi tempurung kelapa. Namun sifat mekanik meningkat dengan mengecilnya ukuran partikel dari 60 ke 120 mesh. Papan partikel yang dihasilkan memenuhi persyaratan ANSI untuk ukuran partikel 120 mesh, komposisi tempurung kelapa 80 vol.%, dan RE 20 vol.%.Abstract. Particle board is a composite composed of filler (reinforcement) and a matrix (binder). Particle board can be made of agricultural waste material containing cellulose such as a coconut shell. This study used coconut shell particles as a filler and epoxy resin (RE) as a matrix. The research was conducted by varying the particle size of coconut shells (60, 80, 100 and 120 mesh) and the composition of coconut shell fillers:RE adhesive (70:30, 75:25, 80:20, and 85:15 vol.%) to obtain the best mechanical properties. The mechanical properties tested were modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, and compressive strength. Particleboard was tested according to ASTM standards. The results showed that the mechanical properties decreased with increasing coconut shell composition. However, the mechanical properties increased as the particle size decreased from 60 to 120 mesh. The resulting particle board meets ANSI requirements for a particle size of 120 mesh, 80 vol.% of coconut shell composition, and 20 vol.% of RE. Keywords: Coconut Shell, Epoxy Resin, Mechanical Properties, Particle Board

Influence of Moisture Content in some Mechanical Properties of Two Brazilian Tropical Wood Species

2014 ◽  
Vol 1025-1026 ◽  
pp. 42-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz A. Melgaço N. Branco ◽  
Eduardo Chahud ◽  
André Luis Christoforo ◽  
Francisco Antonio Rocco Lahr ◽  
Rosane A.G. Battistelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Wood Species ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Tropical Wood ◽  
Fiber Saturation ◽  
Brazilian Standard

This study aimed, with the aid of analysis of variance (ANOVA), to investigate and quantify the influence of moisture ranging between 12% and over 30% (fiber saturation) on the mechanical properties: strength and modulus of elasticity in compression and in tension parallel to grain; modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity in static bending; shear strength parallel to grain considering wood species Ipê (Tabebuia sp) and Angelim Araroba (Vataireopsis araroba). Tests were performed according to the assumptions and calculating methods Brazilian standard ABNT NBR 7190, Anexx B, totalizing 400 tests. Results of ANOVA revealed a significant reduction (16% on average) for mechanical properties wood due to the increase in moisture content from 12% to over 30% (fiber saturation). The same behavior also occurred when assembly containing the two species was considered.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Commercial Particleboard from Rubberwood (Hevea Brasiliensis) and Recycle Mix-Tropical Wood with Different Board Density

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
Nur Wafa Amalina Amali ◽  
Nor Yuziah Mohd Yunus ◽  
Wan Mohd Nazri Wan Abdul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Wood Particle ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Internal Bonding ◽  
Board Density ◽  
Tropical Wood ◽  
Minimum Requirements

In this study, mechanical properties of commercially manufactured hybrid particleboard from mix-tropical wood and rubberwood with four different densities at 25mm thickness have been investigated. The particleboard sample cutting and testing was in accordance to EN312:2013. The density of particleboard is identified with interval of 10kg/m3 for different densities which include 660kg/m3, 670kg/m3, 680kg/m3 and 690kg/m3. Particleboards were made with the ratio of 40:60 for mix-tropical wood particle and rubberwood particle respectively. The particleboards were prepared with urea formaldehyde (UF) with E1 formulation with addition of wax and hardener.  Increment of 10kg/m3 density for each particleboard led to increase in internal bonding (IB), bending testing include modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE), surface soundness (SS) and screw edge (SE) withdrawal. It was found that with board increment of 10kg/m3, the improvement was not statically significant except that for MOR. All panels met the minimum requirements of standard.

scholarly journals Accreditation of Novel Roselle Grafted Fiber Reinforced Bio-Composites

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 155892501200700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Chauhan ◽  
Balbir Kaith
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Elasticity Modulus ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Morphological Transformation ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Uptake Studies

The reaction parameters for the graft co-polymerization of efficient Butyl acrylate (BA) monomer onto Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle) stem fiber were optimized and used to further explore the additive effect of methyl acrylate (MA), vinyl acetate (VA) and styrene (Sty) on percentage grafting, properties and the behavior of the fiber, in binary vinyl monomeric mixtures. The graft co-polymers were characterized by XRD, TGA, DTA, SEM and FTIR techniques and evaluated for physico-chemical changes like moisture absorption, swelling behavior, dye uptake studies and chemical resistance against 1N NaOH and 1N HCl. With increase in percentage grafting the percentage crystallinity, crystallinity index, and hydrophylicity were reduced whereas there was an increase in physico-chemico-thermal resistance, hydrophobicity, miscibility with organic solvents as a result of morphological transformation in these fibers. These modified graft copolymers were then used as reinforcement in phenol-formaldehyde polymer matrix as reinforcement and evaluated mechanically for modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, stress at the limit of proportionality and hardness. The composites reinforced with grafted fiber had better strength than raw fiber reinforced composites and phenoplast.

Effect of Particle Size on Some Properties of Rice Husk Particleboard

2007 ◽  
Vol 18-19 ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.O. Osarenmwinda ◽  
J.C. Nwachukwu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Internal Bond ◽  
Elasticity Modulus ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of particle size on the mechanical properties (Modulus of Elasticity, Modulus of Rupture, and Internal Bond) and physical properties (thickness swelling and water absorption) of rice husk particleboard. The particle sizes used were 1.0mm, 1.18mm, 2mm, 2.36mm and 2.80mm. Each was mixed with a constant resin (urea formaldehyde) concentration of 20% of oven dry weight of rice husk particles. The results showed that as the particle size increased, the particleboard’s mechanical and physical properties decreased. For example, the modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, internal bond, thickness swelling and water absorption for 1.0mm particle size particleboard were 1590N/mm2, 11.11N/mm2, 0.28N/mm2,10.90% and 38.53% respectively, while for 2.8mm particle size they were 1958N/mm2,14.2N/mm2, 0.44N/mm2, 11.51% and 47.21% respectively. Overall results showed that particleboard made from rice husk exceed the EN standard for modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, internal bond. However, thickness swelling values were poor. Hence, the smaller the particle size the better the properties of the particleboard.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK SIFAT FISIKA DAN MEKANIKA KAYU LAMINA KOMBINASI JENIS KAYU SENGON (Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Nilsen) DAN JENIS KAYU MERBAU (Intsia spp.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kusno Yuli Widiati
Keyword(s):  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Paraserianthes Falcataria ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Adhesive Shear Strength

This study aims to determine the physical and mechanical characteristics of wood lamina combination of sengon wood and merbau with Melamine Urea Formaldehyde (MUF) adhesive. The testing method used is based on the DIN standard. The test results of the average lamina density of 0.58-0.73 g / cm3 at oven drying moisture content. Modulus of Elasticity (MoE), Modulus of Rupture (MoR) and value of compression parallel to grain highest found in the combination of merbau-sengon-merbau-sengon-merbau and the lowest in the combination of sengon-merbau-sengon. While the adhesive shear strength is the highest value in the combination treatment of merbau-merbau and the lowest in the combination of sengon-sengon. Based on the modulus of elasticity (MoE) of sengon treatment as face / back and merbau as core (3 and 5 layers) can be classified into strong class IV-V, merbau as face / back and sengon as core (3 and 5 layers) can be classified into strong class II-III. Modulus of Rupture (MoR) can be classified into strong class II-III and compression parallel to grain into strong class II.

scholarly journals Effects of thermo-hydro-mechanical treatments on various physical and mechanical properties of poplar (Populus) wood

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 9596-9610
Author(s):  
Yali Shao ◽  
Lili Li ◽  
Zhangjing Chen ◽  
Sunguo Wang ◽  
Ximing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Mechanical Treatment ◽  
Elasticity Modulus ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Compression Rate ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Maximum Thickness

Poplar (Populus) wood was subjected in this work to thermo-hydro-mechanical treatment. The influence of the treatment parameters on the physical and mechanical properties were investigated. The wood samples were densified under three compression ratios (0%, 30%, and 50%), and thermally treated at three temperatures (180 °C, 200 °C, and 220 °C), at three thermal treatment durations (3 h, 4 h, and 5 h). The density, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, radial hardness, and thickness swelling were measured. The results showed that the densities of the samples increased by 36.6% to 49.7%. As the compression rate increased, the temperature, duration, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, and hardness increased. However, the dimensions of the densified samples were less stable. Compared to the densified samples, the maximum thickness swelling could be reduced by 74% (from 29.7% to 7.8%) when subjected to a thermal treatment at 220 °C for 3 h.

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