scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Activated Carbon Fibers Derived from Linear Low-Density Polyethylene Fibers Stabilized at a Low Temperature

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 3918
Author(s):  
Kwan-Woo Kim ◽  
Hye-Min Lee ◽  
Seong-Hyun Kang ◽  
Byung-Joo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Activated Carbon Fibers ◽  
Crosslinking Process ◽  
Activation Times

In this study, activated carbon fibers (ACFs) were prepared using a new method from polyethylene (PE) fibers. The stabilizing (or crosslinking) process of PE, an essential step, was achieved through a hybrid treatment using electron-beam/sulfuric acid at 110 °C that was more effective than the traditional method of using sulfuric acid at 180 °C for polyolefin. The stabilized precursor was then carbonized at 700 °C and activated at 900 °C with different activation times. The structural characteristics and morphologies of these ACFs were observed using an X-ray diffractometer and a field-emission scanning electron microscope, respectively. In addition, the N2/77K adsorption isotherm was used to discern textural properties. The total pore volume and specific surface area of these ACFs were found to be increased with a longer activation time, reaching final values of 0.99 cm3/g and 1750 m2/g, respectively. These ACFs also exhibited a high mesopore volume ratio (39%) according to crosslinking and crystallite formation conditions.

scholarly journals Pitch-Derived Activated Carbon Fibers for Emission Control of Low-Concentration Hydrocarbon

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye-Min Lee ◽  
Byeong-Hoon Lee ◽  
Soo-Jin Park ◽  
Kay-Hyeok An ◽  
Byung-Joo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Activated Carbon Fibers

The unburned hydrocarbon (HC) emissions of automobiles are subject to strong regulations because they are known to be converted into fine dust, ozone, and photochemical smog. Pitch-based activated carbon fibers (ACF) prepared by steam activation can be a good solution for HC removal. The structural characteristics of ACF were observed using X-ray diffraction. The pore characteristics were investigated using N2/77K adsorption isotherms. The butane working capacity (BWC) was determined according to ASTM D5228. From the results, the specific surface area and total pore volume of the ACF were determined to be 840–2630 m2/g and 0.33–1.34 cm3/g, respectively. The butane activity and butane retentivity of the ACF increased with increasing activation time and were observed to range between 15.78–57.33% and 4.19–11.47%, respectively. This indicates that n-butane adsorption capacity could be a function not only of the specific surface area or total pore volume but also of the sub-mesopore volume fraction in the range of 2.0–2.5 nm of adsorbents. The ACF exhibit enhanced BWC, and especially adsorption velocity, compared to commercial products (granules and pellets), with lower concentrations of n-butane due to a uniformly well-developed pore structure open directly to the outer surface.

Improved Capacitive Behavior of Birnessite Type Mn Oxide Coated on Activated Carbon Fibers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Abedi ◽  
Desiree Leistenschneider ◽  
Douglas Ivey ◽  
Weixing Chen
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Annealing Process ◽  
Activated Carbon Fibers ◽  
Capacitive Behavior ◽  
Mn Oxide ◽  
Reducing Environment

Abstract Birnessite type Mn oxide (potassium birnessite hydrate) powder (as-δ-MnO2) with a layered microstructure was prepared via a hydrothermal process. To improve its capacitive performance, the microstructure was thermally modified (annealed) at 400 oC (400-δ-MnO2) in a N2 reducing environment. By removing the hydrated cations (K+) layers inserted between the main layers of birnessite, damaging the microstructure, intercalation/deintercalation of the electrolyte species (Li+1) became more effective. Characterization of as-δ-MnO2 and 400-δ-MnO2 revealed that no phase transformation occurred during the annealing process. The microstructure became less crystalline and the total pore volume increased from 0.20 cm3 g-1 to 0.43 cm3 g-1, while the oxidation state of Mn remained 4+ after annealing the as-δ-MnO2 at 400 oC. The 400-δ-MnO2 sample was then coated on asphaltene derived activated carbon fibers (ACF-400-δ-MnO2) to improve the performance by making use of the high electrical conductivity and capacitive behavior of ACF. Coating the 400-δ-MnO2 sample led to a significant increase in the capacitance (328 F g-1 and 195 F g-1 for ACF-400-δ-MnO2 and 400-δ-MnO2 at 0.4 A g-1, respectively), improved energy and power values (~7 kW kg-1 at ~4.2 Wh kg-1 for ACF-400-δ-MnO2 and 240 W kg-1 at 2.4 Wh kg-1 for 400-δ-MnO2) and improved cycling behavior.

scholarly journals Fabrication and Characterization of Activated Carbon Fibers from Oil Palm Trunk

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2775
Author(s):  
Jian Lin ◽  
Rattana Choowang ◽  
Guangjie Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Activated Carbon Fibers ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Oil Palm Trunk ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

To develop more valuable application, oil palm trunk was successfully converted into activated carbon fibers (ACFs). An effective process of chemical treatment with dilute sulfuric acid was conducted to improve the thermal stability of primary fibers for further heating treatment. Carbon dioxide (CO2) was used as activator to produce much porous structure with various pore diameter. The specific surface area (SBET) and total pore volume (Vtotal) of resultant ACFs showed increasing trend as rise of activation temperature and time. The ACFs obtained under the temperature of 900 °C and time of 90 min exhibited highest SBET and Vtotal, which were more than 1800 m2/g and 0.7 mL/g, respectively. Meanwhile, more graphic carbon on the surface of ACFs were destroyed with prolonging activation time, resulting in the oxygen-containing functional groups formed during activation process with CO2. Due to the abundant pores and surface functional groups, the ACFs exhibited excellent adsorption capacity of chromium and would be an alternative material for industrial adsorption utilization.

Aqueous phase adsorption of different sized molecules on activated carbon fibers: Effect of textural properties

Chemosphere ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 155 ◽  
pp. 62-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogendra N. Prajapati ◽  
Bhaskar Bhaduri ◽  
Harish C. Joshi ◽  
Anurag Srivastava ◽  
Nishith Verma
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Activated Carbon Fibers

Oxidation of Activated Carbon Fibers:  Effect on Pore Size, Surface Chemistry, and Adsorption Properties

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3476-3483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian L. Mangun ◽  
Kelly R. Benak ◽  
Michael A. Daley ◽  
James Economy
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Adsorption Properties ◽  
Activated Carbon Fibers

Visualized observation of pores in activated carbon fibers by HRTEM and combined image processor

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 261-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Endo ◽  
T. Furuta ◽  
F. Minoura ◽  
C. Kim ◽  
K. Oshida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Activated Carbon Fibers ◽  
Image Processor

Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon Fibers from Jute Fibers by Phosphoric Acid Activation

2012 ◽  
Vol 184-185 ◽  
pp. 1110-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Fen He ◽  
Qi Xia Liu ◽  
Tao Ji ◽  
Qiang Gao
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Activated Carbon Fibers ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Jute Fibers ◽  
Activating Agent

Various jute-based activated carbon fibers were prepared by using jute fibers as raw materials and phosphoric acid as activating agent. The effects of three main factors such as concentration of activating agent, activation temperature and activation time on the yield and adsorptive properties of active carbon fibers were investigated via orthogonal experiments. The surface physical morphology of jute-based activated carbon fiber was also observed by using Scanning Electron Microscope. Results showed that the optimum conditions were phosphoric acid concentration of 4 mol/L, activation temperature of 600 °C and activation time of 1h. The yield, iodine number and amount of methylene blue adsorption of the active carbon fiber prepared under optimum conditions were 37.99 %, 1208.87 mg/g and 374.65 mg/g, respectively.

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