scholarly journals Substituted Organotin Complexes of 4-Methoxybenzoic Acid for Reduction of Poly(vinyl Chloride) Photodegradation

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 3946
Author(s):  
Angham G. Hadi ◽  
Sadiq J. Baqir ◽  
Dina S. Ahmed ◽  
Gamal A. El-Hiti ◽  
Hassan Hashim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymeric Films ◽  
Harsh Environments ◽  
Spectroscopic Methods ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Tin Complexes ◽  
Ultraviolet Absorbers ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Methoxybenzoic Acid

Poly(vinyl chloride) suffers from degradation through oxidation and decomposition when exposed to radiation and high temperatures. Stabilizers are added to polymeric materials to inhibit their degradation and enable their use for a longer duration in harsh environments. The design of new additives to stabilize poly(vinyl chloride) is therefore desirable. The current study includes the synthesis of new tin complexes of 4-methoxybenzoic acid and investigates their potential as photostabilizers for poly(vinyl chloride). The reaction of 4-methoxybenzoic acid and substituted tin chlorides gave the corresponding substituted tin complexes in good yields. The structures of the complexes were confirmed using analytical and spectroscopic methods. Poly(vinyl chloride) was doped with a small quantity (0.5%) of the tin complexes and homogenous thin films were made. The effects of the additives on the stability of the polymeric material on irradiation with ultraviolet light were assessed using different methods. Weight loss, production of small polymeric fragments, and drops in molecular weight were lower in the presence of the additives. The surface of poly(vinyl chloride), after irradiation, showed less damage in the films containing additives. The additives, in particular those containing aromatic (phenyl groups) substitutes, inhibited the photodegradation of polymeric films significantly. Such additives act as efficient ultraviolet absorbers, peroxide quenchers, and hydrogen chloride scavengers.

scholarly journals Protection of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Films against Photodegradation Using Various Valsartan Tin Complexes

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaa Mohammed ◽  
Gamal A. El-Hiti ◽  
Emad Yousif ◽  
Ahmed A. Ahmed ◽  
Dina S. Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Incident Radiation ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Polymeric Films ◽  
Polymeric Chain ◽  
Molecular Weight Determination ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Tin Complexes

Poly(vinyl chloride) is a common plastic that is widely used in many industrial applications. Poly(vinyl chloride) is mixed with additives to improve its mechanical and physical properties and to enable its use in harsh environments. Herein, to protect poly(vinyl chloride) films against photoirradiation with ultraviolet light, a number of tin complexes containing valsartan were synthesized and their chemical structures were established. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, weight loss, and molecular weight determination showed that the non-desirable changes were lower in the films containing the tin complexes than for the blank polymeric films. Analysis of the surface morphology of the irradiated polymeric materials showed that the films containing additives were less rough than the irradiated blank film. The tin complexes protected the poly(vinyl chloride) films against irradiation, where the complexes with high aromaticity were particularly effective. The additives act as primary and secondary stabilizers that absorb the incident radiation and slowly remit it to the polymeric chain as heat energy over time at a harmless level.

scholarly journals Tin Complexes of 4-(Benzylideneamino)benzenesulfonamide: Synthesis, Structure Elucidation and Their Efficiency as PVC Photostabilizers

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2434
Author(s):  
Hassan Ghani ◽  
Emad Yousif ◽  
Dina S. Ahmed ◽  
Benson M. Kariuki ◽  
Gamal A. El-Hiti
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Structure Elucidation ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Polymeric Chains ◽  
Process Decomposition ◽  
Stabilizing Effect ◽  
Surface Alteration ◽  
Tin Complexes ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Harsh Conditions

Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) suffers from photo-xidation and photodegradation when exposed to harsh conditions. Application of PVC thus relies on the development of ever more efficient photostabilizers. The current research reports the synthesis of new complexes of tin and their assessment as poly(vinyl chloride) photostabilizers. The three new complexes were obtained in high yields from reaction of 4-(benzylideneamino)benzenesulfonamide and tin chlorides. Their structures were elucidated using different tools. The complexes were mixed with poly(vinyl chloride) at a very low concentration and thin films were made from the blends. The effectiveness of the tin complexes as photostabilizers has been established using a variety of methods. The new tin complexes led to a decrease in weight loss, formation of small residues, molecular weight depression, and surface alteration of poly(vinyl chloride) after irradiation. The additives act by absorption of ultraviolet light, removal the active chlorine produced through a dehydrochlorination process, decomposition of peroxides, and coordination with the polymeric chains. The triphenyltin complex showed the greatest stabilizing effect against PVC photodegradation as a result of its high aromaticity.

scholarly journals Tin Complexes Containing an Atenolol Moiety as Photostabilizers for Poly(Vinyl Chloride)

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2923
Author(s):  
Baneen Salam ◽  
Gamal A. El-Hiti ◽  
Muna Bufaroosha ◽  
Dina S. Ahmed ◽  
Ahmed Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Phenyl Rings ◽  
Tin Complexes ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Loss Determination ◽  
Surface Changes

The lifetime of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) can be increased through the addition of additives to provide protection against irradiation. Therefore, several new tin complexes containing atenolol moieties were synthesized and their photostabilizing effect on PVC was investigated. Reacting atenolol with a number of tin reagents in boiling methanol provided high yields of tin complexes. PVC was then mixed with the tin complexes at a low concentration, producing polymeric thins films. The films were irradiated with ultraviolet light and the resulting damage was assessed using different analytical and surface morphology techniques. Infrared spectroscopy and weight loss determination indicated that the films incorporating tin complexes incurred less damage and less surface changes compared to the blank film. In particular, the triphenyltin complex was very effective in enhancing the photostability of PVC, and this is due to its high aromaticity (three phenyl rings) compared to other complexes. Such an additive acts as a hydrogen chloride scavenger, radical absorber, and hydroperoxide decomposer.

Zinc Hydroxystannate-Coated Mineral Grade Mg(OH)2 as Flame-Retardant and Smoke Suppression for Flexible PVC

2013 ◽  
Vol 652-654 ◽  
pp. 481-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Zheng Wang ◽  
Wei Hong Wu ◽  
Xia Ye ◽  
Lei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Smoke Suppression ◽  
Crosslinking Reaction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Smoke Suppressant ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Zinc Hydroxystannate ◽  
The Stability

A zinc hydroxystannate-coated mineral grade Mg(OH)2 (ZHSCMH) was synthesized as flame retardant and smoke suppressant for flexible poly (vinyl chloride). The powder of ZHSCMH was characterized by the x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The flame retardancy, smoke suppression and thermal behavior of PVC treated with ZHSCMH and mineral grade Mg(OH)2 were comparative studied by means of limiting oxygen index (LOI), smoke density rating (SDR), thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermogravimetry (DTG) and SEM. The results show that, ZHSCMH can be used as a high effective flame retardant and smoke suppressant for PVC. The flame retardant of ZHSCMH can effectively promote the crosslinking reaction of poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) in the first stage, and improve the stability of the char residue in the second stage.

Stabilization of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Containing Captopril Tin Complexes against Degradation upon Exposure to Ultraviolet Light

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-612
Author(s):  
Alabbas Majeed ◽  
Emad Yousif ◽  
Gamal A. El‐Hiti ◽  
Dina S. Ahmed ◽  
Ahmed A. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Tin Complexes

scholarly journals Modification of poly(vinyl chloride) by aromatic amines: application to the extraction of some metal cation

Polimery ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (7-8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnen Mabrouki ◽  
Fayçel Ammari
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Metal Cation ◽  
Aromatic Amines ◽  
Spectroscopic Methods ◽  
Extraction Equilibrium ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Optimal Duration

The reaction of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) with various aliphatic amines in 1,4-dioxane has been studied. These reactions led to the formation of new polymers (PVC-L), which were characterized by different spectroscopic methods: differential thermal analysis (DTA) and infrared. The extraction percentages were determined by comparing the initial conductivity of the aqueous solution containing the studied metal with the final conductivity of the aqueous solution at extraction equilibrium. One of the obtained polymers gave an extraction rate of 82.05% for Li+, which underlines the importance of the substitution of chlorine atoms by diethylenetriamine groups. A kinetic study of the extraction shows that the optimal duration of extraction was obtained with the polymer most substituted by diethylenetriamine groups.

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