scholarly journals Processing and Quality Control of Masks: A Review

Polymers ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Sedigheh Farzaneh ◽  
Mohammadali Shirinbayan

It is clear that viruses, especially COVID-19, can cause infection and injure the human body. These viruses can transfer in different ways, such as in air transfer, which face masks can prevent and reduce. Face masks can protect humans through their filtration function. They include different types and mechanisms of filtration whose performance depends on the texture of the fabric, the latter of which is strongly related to the manufacturing method. Thus, scientists should enrich the information on mask production and quality control by applying a wide variety of tests, such as leakage, dynamic respiratory resistance (DBR), etc. In addition, the primary manufacturing methods (meltblown, spunlaid, drylaid, wetlaid and airlaid) and new additive manufacturing (AM) methods (such as FDM) should be considered. These methods are covered in this study.

2018 ◽  
Vol 786 ◽  
pp. 348-355
Author(s):  
Terho Iso-Junno ◽  
Kimmo Mäkelä ◽  
Kari Mäntyjärvi ◽  
Tero Jokelainen

Metal 3D AM (Additive Manufacturing) has been becoming a more common production method for larger variety of parts. In this review the current situation and future development trends of the 3D metal AM are presented, concentrating on the SLM (Selective Laser Melting) technology. A holistic approach to the AM as a digital manufacturing method is presented and different manufacturing aspects of the AM production are identified. The most promising aspects for the future development are the automatization of the AM design tasks and automatization of the production. With the development of these aspects the production and cost efficiency of the metal AM can be increased to a more competitive level compared with other manufacturing methods.


2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4-2) ◽  
pp. 464-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosdayanti Fua-Nizan ◽  
Ahmad Majdi Abdul Rani ◽  
Mohamad Yazid Din

The main objective of this paper is to review the manufacturing methods that can be used for fabricating medical prostheses. The medical prostheses have different functions and applications. Selection of manufacturing method is made based on the material, design, and mechanical properties of the prostheses.  The conventional manufacturing methods that had been applied for manufacturing prostheses are machining, incremental sheet forming and investment casting. The combination of computer numerical control and additive manufacturing has been able to improve the process efficiency of these methods. However, direct fabrication by additive manufacturing has been able to replace the conventional method with better process efficiency and product accuracy. 


2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 608-620
Author(s):  
Kali L. Manning ◽  
Jacob Feder ◽  
Marianne Kanellias ◽  
John Murphy ◽  
Jeffrey R. Morgan

Tissue engineering has been largely confined to academic research institutions with limited success in commercial settings. To help address this issue, more work is needed to develop new automated manufacturing processes for tissue-related technologies. In this article, we describe the automation of the funnel-guide, an additive manufacturing method that uses living tissue rings as building units to form bio-tubes. We developed a method based on 96-well plates and a modified off-the-shelf liquid-handling robot to retrieve, perform real-time quality control, and transfer tissue rings to the funnel-guide. Cells seeded into 96-well plates containing specially designed agarose micromolds self-assembled and formed ring-shaped microtissues that could be retrieved using a liquid-handling robot. We characterized the effects of time, cell type, and mold geometry on the morphology of the ring-shaped microtissues to inform optimal use of the building parts. We programmed and modified an off-the-shelf liquid-handling robot to retrieve ring-shaped microtissues from the 96-well plates, and we fabricated a custom illuminated pipette to visualize each ring-shaped microtissue prior to deposit in the funnel guide. Imaging at the liquid-air interface presented challenges that were overcome by controlling lighting conditions and liquid curvature. Based on these images, we incorporated into our workflow a real-time quality control step based on visual inspection and morphological criteria to assess each ring prior to use. We used this system to fabricate bio-tubes of endothelial cells with luminal alignment.


2018 ◽  
Vol 786 ◽  
pp. 342-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kari Mäntyjärvi ◽  
Terho Iso-Junno ◽  
Henri Niemi ◽  
Jarmo Mäkikangas

As a new manufacturing method, Additive Manufacturing has begun to get a foothold in the manufacturing industry. The effective exploitation of the technology requires many times a re-design of the product or re-considering the manufacturing technology. Design for additive manufacturing differs considerably from design to other manufacturing methods, therefore design guidelines for additive manufacturing has been developed. The purpose of this paper is to present a new variant of the Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA) method which supports additive manufacturing.


Author(s):  
Arivazhagan Pugalendhi ◽  
Rajesh Ranganathan

Additive Manufacturing (AM) capabilities in terms of product customization, manufacture of complex shape, minimal time, and low volume production those are very well suited for medical implants and biological models. AM technology permits the fabrication of physical object based on the 3D CAD model through layer by layer manufacturing method. AM use Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI), Computed Tomography (CT), and 3D scanning images and these data are converted into surface tessellation language (STL) file for fabrication. The applications of AM in ophthalmology includes diagnosis and treatment planning, customized prosthesis, implants, surgical practice/simulation, pre-operative surgical planning, fabrication of assistive tools, surgical tools, and instruments. In this article, development of AM technology in ophthalmology and its potential applications is reviewed. The aim of this study is nurturing an awareness of the engineers and ophthalmologists to enhance the ophthalmic devices and instruments. Here some of the 3D printed case examples of functional prototype and concept prototypes are carried out to understand the capabilities of this technology. This research paper explores the possibility of AM technology that can be successfully executed in the ophthalmology field for developing innovative products. This novel technique is used toward improving the quality of treatment and surgical skills by customization and pre-operative treatment planning which are more promising factors.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Pustovarenko ◽  
Beatriz Seoane ◽  
Edy Abou-Hamad ◽  
Helen E King ◽  
Bert Weckhuysen ◽  
...  

3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing technology, has greatly expanded across multiple sectors of technology replacing classical manufacturing methods by combining processing speed and high precision. The scientific interest...


Author(s):  
Ardeshir Raihanian Mashhadi ◽  
Sara Behdad

Complexity has been one of the focal points of attention in the supply chain management domain, as it deteriorates the performance of the supply chain and makes controlling it problematic. The complexity of supply chains has been significantly increased over the past couple of decades. Meanwhile, Additive Manufacturing (AM) not only revolutionizes the way that the products are made, but also brings a paradigm shift to the whole production system. The influence of AM extends to product design and supply chain as well. The unique capabilities of AM suggest that this manufacturing method can significantly affect the supply chain complexity. More product complexity and demand heterogeneity, faster production cycles, higher levels of automation and shorter supply paths are among the features of additive manufacturing that can directly influence the supply chain complexity. Comparison of additive manufacturing supply chain complexity to its traditional counterpart requires a profound comprehension of the transformative effects of AM on the supply chain. This paper first extracts the possible effects of AM on the supply chain and then tries to connect these effects to the drivers of complexity under three main categories of 1) market, 2) manufacturing technology, and 3) supply, planning and infrastructure. Possible impacts of additive manufacturing adoption on the supply chain complexity have been studied using information theoretic measures. An Agent-based Simulation (ABS) model has been developed to study and compare two different supply chain configurations. The findings of this study suggest that the adoption of AM can decrease the supply chain complexity, particularly when product customization is considered.


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