scholarly journals Towards the Grand Unification of Process Design, Scheduling, and Control—Utopia or Reality?

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baris Burnak ◽  
Nikolaos A. Diangelakis ◽  
Efstratios N. Pistikopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Process Design ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Grand Unification ◽  
Multiple Time Scales ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Conflicting Objectives ◽  
And Control ◽  
Design Scheduling

As a founder of the Process Systems Engineering (PSE) discipline, Professor Roger W.H. Sargent had set ambitious goals for a systematic new generation of a process design paradigm based on optimization techniques with the consideration of future uncertainties and operational decisions. In this paper, we present a historical perspective on the milestones in model-based design optimization techniques and the developed tools to solve the resulting complex problems. We examine the progress spanning more than five decades, from the early flexibility analysis and optimal process design under uncertainty to more recent developments on the simultaneous consideration of process design, scheduling, and control. This formidable target towards the grand unification poses unique challenges due to multiple time scales and conflicting objectives. Here, we review the recent progress and propose future research directions.

scholarly journals Are We Doing ‘Systems’ Research? An Assessment of Methods for Climate Change Adaptation to Hydrohazards in a Complex World

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Bedinger ◽  
Lindsay Beevers ◽  
Lila Collet ◽  
Annie Visser
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Multiple Time Scales ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Systems Research

Climate change is a product of the Anthropocene, and the human–nature system in which we live. Effective climate change adaptation requires that we acknowledge this complexity. Theoretical literature on sustainability transitions has highlighted this and called for deeper acknowledgment of systems complexity in our research practices. Are we heeding these calls for ‘systems’ research? We used hydrohazards (floods and droughts) as an example research area to explore this question. We first distilled existing challenges for complex human–nature systems into six central concepts: Uncertainty, multiple spatial scales, multiple time scales, multimethod approaches, human–nature dimensions, and interactions. We then performed a systematic assessment of 737 articles to examine patterns in what methods are used and how these cover the complexity concepts. In general, results showed that many papers do not reference any of the complexity concepts, and no existing approach addresses all six. We used the detailed results to guide advancement from theoretical calls for action to specific next steps. Future research priorities include the development of methods for consideration of multiple hazards; for the study of interactions, particularly in linking the short- to medium-term time scales; to reduce data-intensivity; and to better integrate bottom–up and top–down approaches in a way that connects local context with higher-level decision-making. Overall this paper serves to build a shared conceptualisation of human–nature system complexity, map current practice, and navigate a complexity-smart trajectory for future research.

The Effect of Concealed Handgun Carry Deregulation in Arizona on Crime in Tucson

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1186-1203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Smith ◽  
Matthew Petrocelli
Keyword(s):  
El Paso ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Multiple Time Series ◽  
Training Requirements ◽  
State Adoption ◽  
Concealed Carry ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Training

In 2010, the Arizona legislature effectively deregulated concealed handgun carry in the state by passing Senate Bill (SB) 1108, which eliminated licensing and training requirements for concealed carry. Although researchers have extensively examined the impact of state adoption of concealed carry laws, almost nothing is known about the effects of deregulating concealed carry altogether. This study contributes to the more guns, less crime debate by examining the impact of Arizona’s decision to deregulate concealed carry. Using a multiple time-series research design with an experimental (Tucson) and control city (El Paso), the present study examines the impact of deregulation on handgun-related violent crime and gun larcenies in Arizona’s second largest city—Tucson. We find that the passage of SB 1108 had no impact on handgun-related offenses that could be expected to change following deregulation. The implications of these findings for policy making and future research are discussed.

Aging Couples: Benefits and Costs of Long Intimate Relations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria I. Michalowski ◽  
Denis Gerstorf ◽  
Christiane A. Hoppmann
Keyword(s):  
Time Frame ◽  
Multiple Time Scales ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Intimate Relations ◽  
Benefits And Costs ◽  
Over Time

Aging does not occur in isolation, but often involves significant others such as spouses. Whether such dyadic associations involve gains or losses depends on a myriad of factors, including the time frame under consideration. What is beneficial in the short term may not be so in the long term, and vice versa. Similarly, what is beneficial for one partner may be costly for the other, or the couple unit over time. Daily dynamics between partners involving emotion processes, health behaviors, and collaborative cognition may accumulate over years to affect the longer-term physical and mental health outcomes of either partner or both partners across adulthood and into old age. Future research should move beyond an individual-focused approach to aging and consider the importance of and interactions among multiple time scales to better understand how, when, and why older spouses shape each other’s aging trajectories, both for better and for worse.

Cyber physics system: a review

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changbin Jiang ◽  
Ying Ma ◽  
Hong Chen ◽  
Yangyin Zheng ◽  
Shan Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Smart Manufacturing ◽  
Multiple Time Scales ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Control Circuits

Purpose Cyber physical system (CPS) has attracted much attention from industry, government and academia due to its dramatic impact on society, economy and people’s daily lives. Scholars have conducted a number of studies on CPS. However, despite of the dynamic nature of this research area, a systematic and extensive review of recent research on CPS is unavailable. Accordingly, this paper conducts an intensive literature review on CPS and presents an overview of existing research on CPS. The purpose of this paper is to identify the challenges of studying CPS as well as the directions for future studies on CPS. Design/methodology/approach This paper examines existing literatures about CPS from 2006 to 2018 in Compendex, presenting its definition, architectures, characteristics and applications. Findings This study finds that CPS is closely integrated, diversified and large-scale network with complex multiple time scales. It requires dynamic reorganization/reconfiguration, mass computing, and closed, automated and control circuits. Currently, CPS has been applied in smart manufacturing, medical systems, smart city and smart libraries. The main challenges in designing CPS are to develop, to modify, to integrate abstractions and to set predictable timing of openness and physical interconnection of physical devices. Furthermore, security is a key issue in CPS. Originality/value This study adds knowledge to the existing literature of CPS by answering what the current level of development on CPS is and what the potential future research directions of CPS are.

scholarly journals Tourism in Neuroscience Framework/Cultural Neuroscience, Mirror Neurons, Neuroethics

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ana Njegovanović
Keyword(s):  
Mirror Neurons ◽  
Medical Tourism ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Brain Area ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Multiple Time Scales ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Cultural Neuroscience ◽  
Brain And Behavior

Tourism is a dynamic and competitive industry that requires the ability to constantly adapt to the changing needs and wishes of customers in the uncertain financial global environment posing the problem of attracting tourists. The aim of the paper is to research the involvement of neuroscience through cultural neuroscience, mirror neurons, neuroethics as a new approach to different aspects of tourism. We present the most important research in the field of tourism through existing literature, discuss the limitations of this approach and propose guidelines for future research. In a theoretical approach, given the specific tourist experiences, mirror neurons can contribute to explaining some important aspects of tourism. Investigations lead to a neurological context, where many modes are associated, the language utilizes a multimodal sensory motor system that includes the brain area (concept of empathy, characterization of the traditional anthropological relationship between the host and host of the Istrian region).Research on cultural neuroscience examines how cultural and genetic diversity shape the human mind, brain, and behavior in multiple time scales: state, ontogenesis, and phylogeny.We particularly emphasize the importance of medical tourism by including empirical research from different disciplines and ethical issues involving individual and population perspectives.

Integrated process design, scheduling, and control using multiparametric programming

2019 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 164-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baris Burnak ◽  
Nikolaos A. Diangelakis ◽  
Justin Katz ◽  
Efstratios N. Pistikopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Process Design ◽  
Integrated Process ◽  
Multiparametric Programming ◽  
And Control ◽  
Design Scheduling

scholarly journals From conceptual design to process design optimization: a review on flowsheet synthesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludovic Montastruc ◽  
Ségolène Belletante ◽  
Alexandre Pagot ◽  
Stéphane Negny ◽  
Ludovic Raynal
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Process Design ◽  
Process Synthesis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Process Systems ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Inference Techniques

This paper presents the authors’ perspectives on some of the open questions and opportunities in Process Systems Engineering (PSE) focusing on process synthesis. A general overview of process synthesis is given, and the difference between Conceptual Design (CD) and Process Design (PD) is presented using an original ternary diagram. Then, a bibliometric analysis is performed to place major research team activities in the latter. An analysis of ongoing work is conducted and some perspectives are provided based on the analysis. This analysis includes symbolic knowledge representation concepts and inference techniques, i.e., ontology, that is believed to become useful in the future. Future research challenges that process synthesis will have to face, such as biomass transformation, shale production, response to spaceflight demand, modular plant design, and intermittent production of energy, are also discussed.

SOME REMARKS ON THE MULTIPLE TIME SCALES OF DIFFUSION IN MINERALS AND MELTS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Liang ◽  
◽  
Daniele J. Cherniak ◽  
Chenguang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Multiple Time Scales ◽  
Multiple Time
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