scholarly journals Acid-Base Flow Battery, Based on Reverse Electrodialysis with Bi-Polar Membranes: Stack Experiments

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiabing Xia ◽  
Gerhart Eigenberger ◽  
Heinrich Strathmann ◽  
Ulrich Nieken
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Flow Battery ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Reverse Electrodialysis ◽  
Bipolar Membranes ◽  
Acid And Base ◽  
Additional Losses

Neutralization of acid and base to produce electricity in the process of reverse electrodialysis with bipolar membranes (REDBP) presents an interesting but until now fairly overlooked flow battery concept. Previously, we presented single-cell experiments, which explain the principle and discuss the potential of this process. In this contribution, we discuss experiments with REDBP stacks at lab scale, consisting of 5 to 20 repeating cell units. They demonstrate that the single-cell results can be extrapolated to respective stacks, although additional losses have to be considered. As in other flow battery stacks, losses by shunt currents through the parallel electrolyte feed/exit lines increases with the number of connected cell units, whereas the relative importance of electrode losses decreases with increasing cell number. Experimental results are presented with 1 mole L−1 acid (HCl) and base (NaOH) for open circuit as well as for charge and discharge with up to 18 mA/cm2 current density. Measures to further increase the efficiency of this novel flow battery concept are discussed.

Flow battery based on reverse electrodialysis with bipolar membranes: Single cell experiments

2018 ◽  
Vol 565 ◽  
pp. 157-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiabing Xia ◽  
Gerhart Eigenberger ◽  
Heinrich Strathmann ◽  
Ulrich Nieken
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Flow Battery ◽  
Reverse Electrodialysis ◽  
Bipolar Membranes

Performance of five commercial bipolar membranes under forward and reverse bias conditions for acid-base flow battery applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 640 ◽  
pp. 119748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emad Al-Dhubhani ◽  
Ragne Pärnamäe ◽  
Jan W. Post ◽  
Michel Saakes ◽  
Michele Tedesco
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Bias ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Flow Battery ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Bipolar Membranes

scholarly journals The Acid–Base Flow Battery: Sustainable Energy Storage via Reversible Water Dissociation with Bipolar Membranes

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 409
Author(s):  
Ragne Pärnamäe ◽  
Luigi Gurreri ◽  
Jan Post ◽  
Willem Johannes van Egmond ◽  
Andrea Culcasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Water Dissociation ◽  
Flow Battery ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Commercial Unit ◽  
Bipolar Membranes

The increasing share of renewables in electric grids nowadays causes a growing daily and seasonal mismatch between electricity generation and demand. In this regard, novel energy storage systems need to be developed, to allow large-scale storage of the excess electricity during low-demand time, and its distribution during peak demand time. Acid–base flow battery (ABFB) is a novel and environmentally friendly technology based on the reversible water dissociation by bipolar membranes, and it stores electricity in the form of chemical energy in acid and base solutions. The technology has already been demonstrated at the laboratory scale, and the experimental testing of the first 1 kW pilot plant is currently ongoing. This work aims to describe the current development and the perspectives of the ABFB technology. In particular, we discuss the main technical challenges related to the development of battery components (membranes, electrolyte solutions, and stack design), as well as simulated scenarios, to demonstrate the technology at the kW–MW scale. Finally, we present an economic analysis for a first 100 kW commercial unit and suggest future directions for further technology scale-up and commercial deployment.

scholarly journals Acid/base flow battery environmental and economic performance based on its potential service to renewables support

2021 ◽  
pp. 129529
Author(s):  
Maryori C. Díaz-Ramírez ◽  
Maria Blecua-de-Pedro ◽  
Alvaro J. Arnal ◽  
Jan Post
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Flow Battery ◽  
Acid Base

scholarly journals Energy Harvesting by Waste Acid/Base Neutralization via Bipolar Membrane Reverse Electrodialysis

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 5510
Author(s):  
Andrea Zaffora ◽  
Andrea Culcasi ◽  
Luigi Gurreri ◽  
Alessandro Cosenza ◽  
Alessandro Tamburini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Alkaline Solutions ◽  
Bipolar Membrane ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Reverse Electrodialysis ◽  
Acid And Base ◽  
Parasitic Currents ◽  
Added Salt

Bipolar Membrane Reverse Electrodialysis (BMRED) can be used to produce electricity exploiting acid-base neutralization, thus representing a valuable route in reusing waste streams. The present work investigates the performance of a lab-scale BMRED module under several operating conditions. By feeding the stack with 1 M HCl and NaOH streams, a maximum power density of ~17 W m−2 was obtained at 100 A m−2 with a 10-triplet stack with a flow velocity of 1 cm s−1, while an energy density of ~10 kWh m−3 acid could be extracted by a complete neutralization. Parasitic currents along feed and drain manifolds significantly affected the performance of the stack when equipped with a higher number of triplets. The apparent permselectivity at 1 M acid and base decreased from 93% with the five-triplet stack to 54% with the 38-triplet stack, which exhibited lower values (~35% less) of power density. An important role may be played also by the presence of NaCl in the acidic and alkaline solutions. With a low number of triplets, the added salt had almost negligible effects. However, with a higher number of triplets it led to a reduction of 23.4–45.7% in power density. The risk of membrane delamination is another aspect that can limit the process performance. However, overall, the present results highlight the high potential of BMRED systems as a productive way of neutralizing waste solutions for energy harvesting.

scholarly journals Chemical and Energy Recovery Alternatives in SWRO Desalination through Electro-Membrane Technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 8100
Author(s):  
Marta Herrero-Gonzalez ◽  
Raquel Ibañez
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Reverse Electrodialysis ◽  
Bipolar Membranes ◽  
Impact Reduction ◽  
Acid And Base ◽  
Readiness Level ◽  
Gradient Energy ◽  
Membrane Technologies

Electro-membrane technologies are versatile processes that could contribute towards more sustainable seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination in both freshwater production and brine management, facilitating the recovery of materials and energy and driving the introduction of the circular economy paradigm in the desalination industry. Besides the potential possibilities, the implementation of electro-membrane technologies remains a challenge. The aim of this work is to present and evaluate different alternatives for harvesting renewable energy and the recovery of chemicals on an SWRO facility by means of electro-membrane technology. Acid and base self-supply by means of electrodialysis with bipolar membranes is considered, together with salinity gradient energy harvesting by means of reverse electrodialysis and pH gradient energy by means of reverse electrodialysis with bipolar membranes. The potential benefits of the proposed alternatives rely on environmental impact reduction is three-fold: (a) water bodies protection, as direct brine discharge is avoided, (b) improvements in the climate change indicator, as the recovery of renewable energy reduces the indirect emissions related to energy production, and (c) reduction of raw material consumption, as the main chemicals used in the facility are produced in-situ. Moreover, further development towards an increase in their technology readiness level (TRL) and cost reduction are the main challenges to face.

Modelling water dissociation, acid-base neutralization and ion transport in bipolar membranes for acid-base flow batteries

2022 ◽  
Vol 641 ◽  
pp. 119899
Author(s):  
Arturo Ortega ◽  
Luis F. Arenas ◽  
Joep J.H. Pijpers ◽  
Diana L. Vicencio ◽  
Juan C. Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Transport ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Water Dissociation ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Bipolar Membranes ◽  
Flow Batteries

scholarly journals On the modelling of an Acid/Base Flow Battery: An innovative electrical energy storage device based on pH and salinity gradients

2020 ◽  
Vol 277 ◽  
pp. 115576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Culcasi ◽  
Luigi Gurreri ◽  
Andrea Zaffora ◽  
Alessandro Cosenza ◽  
Alessandro Tamburini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Storage Device ◽  
Energy Storage Device ◽  
Flow Battery ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Electrical Energy Storage ◽  
Salinity Gradients

scholarly journals Performance of an environmentally benign acid base flow battery at high energy density

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 1524-1535 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. van Egmond ◽  
M. Saakes ◽  
I. Noor ◽  
S. Porada ◽  
C. J. N. Buisman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Flow Battery ◽  
Acid Base

scholarly journals Power Grid Integration and Use-Case Study of Acid-Base Flow Battery Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6089
Author(s):  
Jesús Muñoz-Cruzado-Alba ◽  
Rossano Musca ◽  
Javier Ballestín-Fuertes ◽  
José F. Sanz-Osorio ◽  
David Miguel Rivas-Ascaso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Power Converter ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Electrical Network ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Flow Battery ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Reversible Dissociation ◽  
Battery Technology

There are many different types of energy storage systems (ESS) available and the functionality that they can provide is extensive. However, each of these solutions come with their own set of drawbacks. The acid-base flow battery (ABFB) technology aims to provide a route to a cheap, clean and safe ESS by means of providing a new kind of energy storage technology based on reversible dissociation of water via bipolar electrodialysis. First, the main characteristics of the ABFB technology are described briefly to highlight its main advantages and drawbacks and define the most-competitive use-case scenarios in which the technology could be applied, as well as analyze the particular characteristics which must be considered in the process of designing the power converter to be used for the interface with the electrical network. As a result, based on the use-cases defined, the ESS main specifications are going to be identified, pointing out the best power converter configuration alternatives. Finally, an application example is presented, showing an installation in the electrical network of Pantelleria (Italy) where a real pilot-scale prototype has been installed.

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