scholarly journals Surface Functionalization of Biochar from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch through Hydrothermal Process

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Izzudin Ibrahim ◽  
Toshiki Tsubota ◽  
Mohd Ali Hassan ◽  
Yoshito Andou
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Surface Functional Groups ◽  
Adsorption Performance

The use of biochar as an adsorbent for wastewater treatment purposes has been hindered due to its lower surface area compared to activated carbon. Current research on increasing surface functional groups on biochar surfaces to improve its adsorption performance suggests using high chemical concentration and long period of modification. This study solves these problems by focusing on improving surface functionalities of biochar via the hydrothermal functionalization process. Oil palm empty fruit bunch biochar was functionalized using autoclave with nitric acid as the functionalization agent. Functionalized biochar properties such as Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area and surface functional groups were analyzed and compared with untreated biochar. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis shows a significant increase in absorption by oxygen functional groups and is corroborated with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The process does not result in any major change in surface morphology and reduction in surface area value. Methylene blue (MB) adsorption test shows 7 times increase in adsorption performance. These results show that the simple hydrothermal functionalization process successfully functionalizes the biochar surface and improves its performance without affecting its surface area at lower concentration, and shorter time compared to previous studies. This result, with future large-scale experimentation using real-life equipment in palm oil mills, would provide a better technology that can be implemented in the industry.

The influential factors towards graphene oxides removal by activated carbons: Activated functional groups vs BET surface area

2018 ◽  
Vol 271 ◽  
pp. 142-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju Sun ◽  
Xia Liu ◽  
Shengxia Duan ◽  
Ahmed Alsaedi ◽  
Fengsong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Graphene Oxides

Facile and large-scale synthesis of poly(m-phenylenediamine) nanobelts with high surface area and superior dye adsorption ability

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (85) ◽  
pp. 45244-45250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Meng ◽  
Liyuan Zhang ◽  
Liyuan Chai ◽  
Wanting Yu ◽  
Ting Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Dye Adsorption ◽  
High Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Ability ◽  
Adsorption Performance ◽  
Large Scale Synthesis

PmPD nanobelts with high adsorption performance have been synthesized by using CTAP as oxidants.

Three-Dimensional MoS2/Graphene Hybrid Aerogel as Free-Standing, High-Performance Electrode for Supercapacitor

NANO ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (05) ◽  
pp. 2050062
Author(s):  
Zhaolei Meng ◽  
Xiaojian He ◽  
Song Han ◽  
Zijian Hu
Keyword(s):  
Porous Structure ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Hybrid Aerogel

Carbon materials are generally employed as supercapacitor electrodes due to their low- cost, high-chemical stability and environmental friendliness. However, the design of carbon structures with large surface area and controllable porous structure remains a daunt challenge. In this work, a three-dimensional (3D) hybrid aerogel with different contents of MoS2 nanosheets in 3D graphene aerogel (MoS2-GA) was synthesized through a facial hydrothermal process. The influences of MoS2 content on microstructure and subsequently on electrochemical properties of MoS2-GA are systematically investigated and an optimized mass ratio with MoS2: GA of 1:2 is chosen to achieve high mechanical robustness and outstanding electrochemical performance in the hybrid structure. Due to the large specific surface area, porous structure and continuous charge transfer network, such MoS2-GA electrodes exhibit high specific capacitance, good rate capability and excellent cyclic stability, showing great potential in large-scale and low-cost fabrication of high-performance supercapacitors.

scholarly journals Bio-polishing sludge adsorbents for dye removal

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini ◽  
Norulaina Alias ◽  
Mohd. Azizi Che Yunus
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Surface Functional Groups ◽  
Adsorption Capacities ◽  
Maximum Removal

Abstract The objective of this work is to evaluate the removal of methylene blue dye by bio-polishing sludge-based adsorbents. The adsorbents were characterized according to the specific surface area, pH upon the treatment and surface functional groups. The adsorption of dye was carried out at room temperature, and the adsorption data were analyzed using the isotherm and kinetics models. The bio-polishing sludge is rich in ash content, and the presence of surface functional groups varied with the treatment strategies. The specific surface area of adsorbents is between 7.25 and 20.8 m2/g. Results show that the maximum removal of methylene blue by sludge adsorbents was observed to have the following order: untreated sludge (SR) > zinc chloride-treated (SZ) > microwave-dried (SW) = potassium carbonate-treated (SK) > acid-washed (SH). The maximum adsorption capacities for SR and SZ as predicted by the Langmuir model are 170 and 135 mg/g, respectively. Although SR demonstrates a higher maximum removal than SZ, the latter exhibits greater removal intensity and rate constant even at high dye concentration. The bio-polishing sludge is a promising adsorbent for dye wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals Metal-Chloride-Activated Empty Fruit-Bunch Carbons for Rhodamine B Removal

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-133
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini ◽  
Mohd Shafiq Mohd Shaid
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Rhodamine B ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Metal Chloride ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Surface Functional Groups ◽  
Colour Removal ◽  
Rhodamine B Dye

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the adsorptive ability of activated carbons derived from empty boil palm fruitbunch carbons through metal-chloride activation. The derived activated carbons were characterized in terms of yield, pH, surface functional groups, and specific surface area. Rhodamine B dye was used as a pollutant probe to evaluate the performance of activated carbons. Results show that empty, ZnCl2-activated fruit-bunch carbon exhibits a higher surface area of 866 m2 g-1 and a Rhodamine B removal yield of 105 mg g-1. Activation at the same temperature of 600 °C using the recovered FeCl2 yields an activated carbon with nearly twice the surface area compared to the fresh one. A direct correlation was obtained between the roles of the specific surface area and removal of Rhodamine B. Empty fruit-bunch carbon is a promising adsorbent precursor for colour removal from water.

IMPACT OF PLASMA SURFACE TREATMENT ON BAMBOO CHARCOAL/SILVER NANOCOMPOSITE

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (01) ◽  
pp. 1550089 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. VIGNESH ◽  
K. A. VIJAYALAKSHMI ◽  
N. KARTHIKEYAN
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Oxygen Plasma ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Oxygen Plasma Treatment ◽  
Bamboo Charcoal ◽  
Area Formula ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy

Bamboo charcoal (BC) accompanied silver (Ag) nanocomposite is synthesized through sol–gel method. The produced BC/Ag nanocomposite was surface modified by air and oxygen plasma treatments. Silver ions (Ag[Formula: see text]) will serve to improve the antibacterial activity as well as the surface area of BC. Plasma treatment has improved the surface functional groups, crystalline intensity and antibacterial activity of the prepared nanocomposite. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies show that Ag nanoparticles have good agreement with BC and the particle size has a mean diameter of 20–40[Formula: see text]nm. We observe the carboxyl functional groups in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) after the oxygen plasma treatment. Moreover surface area and adsorption were analyzed by using the Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) surface area ([Formula: see text]) and UV–Vis spectroscopy.

scholarly journals Characterization of Activated Carbons from Oil-Palm Shell by CO2Activation with No Holding Carbonization Temperature

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Herawan ◽  
M. S. Hadi ◽  
Md. R. Ayob ◽  
A. Putra
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Preparation Time

Activated carbons can be produced from different precursors, including coals of different ranks, and lignocellulosic materials, by physical or chemical activation processes. The objective of this paper is to characterize oil-palm shells, as a biomass byproduct from palm-oil mills which were converted into activated carbons by nitrogen pyrolysis followed by CO2activation. The effects of no holding peak pyrolysis temperature on the physical characteristics of the activated carbons are studied. The BET surface area of the activated carbon is investigated using N2adsorption at 77 K with selected temperatures of 500, 600, and 700°C. These pyrolysis conditions for preparing the activated carbons are found to yield higher BET surface area at a pyrolysis temperature of 700°C compared to selected commercial activated carbon. The activated carbons thus result in well-developed porosities and predominantly microporosities. By using this activation method, significant improvement can be obtained in the surface characteristics of the activated carbons. Thus this study shows that the preparation time can be shortened while better results of activated carbon can be produced.

Surface functional groups and defects on carbon nanotubes affect adsorption–desorption hysteresis of metal cations and oxoanions in water

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 488-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Li ◽  
Changlun Chen ◽  
Shouwei Zhang ◽  
Xiangke Wang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Ion Adsorption ◽  
Surface Functional Groups ◽  
Metal Ion Adsorption ◽  
Desorption Hysteresis ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

This study probed the effects of functional groups, specific surface area and defects on metal ion adsorption and desorption.

The Effects of Feedstock Sources and Pyrolytic Temperature on Biochars Sorptive Characteristics

2014 ◽  
Vol 567 ◽  
pp. 150-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saba Yavari ◽  
Amirhossein Malakahmad ◽  
Nasiman Sapari
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Functional Sites ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Pyrolytic Temperature ◽  
Polar Functional Groups ◽  
Sorption Mechanisms ◽  
Soil And Water

Biochar addition to soil and water environments has been shown to be effective in sequestering contaminants. This study evaluated the effects of biomass type and the preparation temperatures of biochars on their properties as a sorbent. Rice husk and empty fruit bunches of oil palm were used as the source of biomass for the production of biochars by heating at 300, 500 and 700°C. The biochars properties including functional sites, elemental components and BET surface area were determined to assess the biochars sorption mechanisms. The biochars produced in low temperature were found to have more polar functional groups effective in sorption of polar molecules while the highest temperature increased biochars surface area which is effective in non-selective sorption of contaminations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document