scholarly journals A Process for Carbon Dioxide Capture Using Schiff Bases Containing a Trimethoprim Unit

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 707
Author(s):  
Anaheed A. Yaseen ◽  
Emaad T. B. Al-Tikrity ◽  
Gamal A. El-Hiti ◽  
Dina S. Ahmed ◽  
Mohammed A. Baashen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Schiff Bases ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Capture ◽  
Aromatic Aldehydes ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Uptake ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

Environmental problems associated with the growing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere due to the burning of fossil fuels to satisfy the high demand for energy are a pressing concern. Therefore, the design of new materials for carbon dioxide storage has received increasing research attention. In this work, we report the synthesis of three new Schiff bases containing a trimethoprim unit and the investigation of their application as adsorbents for carbon dioxide capture. The reaction of trimethoprim and aromatic aldehydes in acid medium gave the corresponding Schiff bases in 83%–87% yields. The Schiff bases exhibited surface areas ranging from 4.15 to 20.33 m2/g, pore volumes of 0.0036–0.0086 cm3/g, and average pore diameters of 6.64–1.4 nm. An excellent carbon dioxide uptake (27–46 wt%) was achieved at high temperature and pressure (313 K and 40 bar, respectively) using the Schiff bases. The 3-hydroxyphenyl-substituted Schiff base, which exhibited a meta-arrangement, provided the highest carbon dioxide uptake (46 wt%) due to its higher surface area, pore volume, and pore diameter compared with the other two derivatives with a para-arrangement.

Balancing volumetric and gravimetric uptake in highly porous materials for clean energy

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 368 (6488) ◽  
pp. 297-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijie Chen ◽  
Penghao Li ◽  
Ryther Anderson ◽  
Xingjie Wang ◽  
Xuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Trinuclear Clusters ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Pressure Swing ◽  
Highly Porous

A huge challenge facing scientists is the development of adsorbent materials that exhibit ultrahigh porosity but maintain balance between gravimetric and volumetric surface areas for the onboard storage of hydrogen and methane gas—alternatives to conventional fossil fuels. Here we report the simulation-motivated synthesis of ultraporous metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) based on metal trinuclear clusters, namely, NU-1501-M (M = Al or Fe). Relative to other ultraporous MOFs, NU-1501-Al exhibits concurrently a high gravimetric Brunauer−Emmett−Teller (BET) area of 7310 m2 g−1 and a volumetric BET area of 2060 m2 cm−3 while satisfying the four BET consistency criteria. The high porosity and surface area of this MOF yielded impressive gravimetric and volumetric storage performances for hydrogen and methane: NU-1501-Al surpasses the gravimetric methane storage U.S. Department of Energy target (0.5 g g−1) with an uptake of 0.66 g g−1 [262 cm3 (standard temperature and pressure, STP) cm−3] at 100 bar/270 K and a 5- to 100-bar working capacity of 0.60 g g−1 [238 cm3 (STP) cm−3] at 270 K; it also shows one of the best deliverable hydrogen capacities (14.0 weight %, 46.2 g liter−1) under a combined temperature and pressure swing (77 K/100 bar → 160 K/5 bar).

scholarly journals Synthesis and Use of Valsartan Metal Complexes as Media for Carbon Dioxide Storage

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaa Mohammed ◽  
Emad Yousif ◽  
Gamal A. El-Hiti
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Metal Complexes ◽  
Nickel Chloride ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Storage ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Uptake ◽  
Tin Chloride ◽  
Chloride Hexahydrate ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis

To address global warming through carbon dioxide storage, three valsartan metal complexes were synthesized in excellent yields (87–92%) through a reaction of the appropriate metal chloride (tin chloride, nickel chloride hexahydrate, or magnesium chloride hexahydrate) and excess valsartan (two mole equivalents) in boiling methanol for 3 h. The structures of the metal complexes were established based on the data obtained from ultraviolet-visible, Fourier transform infrared, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, as well as from elemental analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray spectra, and magnetic susceptibility. The agglomeration and shape of the particles were determined using field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis. The surface area (16.63–22.75 m2/g) of the metal complexes was measured using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method, whereas the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda method was used to determine the particle pore size (0.011–0.108 cm3/g), total average pore volume (6.50–12.46 nm), and pore diameter (6.50–12.47 nm), for the metal complexes. The carbon dioxide uptake of the synthesized complexes, at 323 K and 4 MPa (40 bar), ranged from 24.11 to 34.51 cm2/g, and the nickel complex was found to be the most effective sorbent for carbon dioxide storage.

scholarly journals Development of a Mesoporous Silica-Supported Layered Double Hydroxide Catalyst for the Reduction of Oxygenated Compounds in E. grandis Fast Pyrolysis Oils

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1527
Author(s):  
Danya Carla Maree ◽  
Mike Heydenrych
Keyword(s):  
Mesoporous Silica ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Electrostatic Precipitator ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Bomb Calorimetry ◽  
Pore Sizes ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Pyrolysis Oils

Biomass fast pyrolysis oil is a potential renewable alternative to fossil fuels, but its viability is constrained by its corrosiveness, low higher heating value and instability, caused by high oxygenate concentrations. A few studies have outlined layered double hydroxides (LDHs) as possible catalysts for the improvement of biomass pyrolysis oil characteristics. In this study, the goal was to reduce the concentration of oxygen-rich compounds in E. grandis fast pyrolysis oils using CaAl- and MgAl- LDHs. The LDHs were supported by mesoporous silica, synthesised at different pHs to obtain different pore sizes (3.3 to 4.8 nm) and surface areas (up to 600 m2/g). The effects of the support pore sizes and use of LDHs were investigated. GC/MS results revealed that MgAl-LDH significantly reduced the concentrations of ketones and oxygenated aromatics in the electrostatic precipitator oils and increased the concentration of aliphatics. CaAl-LDH had the opposite effect. There was little effect on the oxygenate concentrations of the heat exchanger oils, suggesting that there was a greater extent of conversion of the lighter oil compounds. Bomb calorimetry also showed a marked increase in higher heating values (16.2 to 22.5 MJ/kg) in the electrostatic precipitator oils when using MgAl-LDH. It was also found that the mesoporous silica support synthesised at a pH of 7 was the most effective, likely due to the intermediate average pore width (4 nm).

Carbon dioxide capture and geological storage

2007 ◽  
Vol 365 (1853) ◽  
pp. 1095-1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Holloway
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Capture ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Industrial Plant ◽  
Storage Site ◽  
Geological Storage ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Reduce Carbon Dioxide

Carbon dioxide capture and geological storage is a technology that could be used to reduce carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere from large industrial installations such as fossil fuel-fired power stations by 80–90%. It involves the capture of carbon dioxide at a large industrial plant, its transport to a geological storage site and its long-term isolation in a geological storage reservoir. The technology has aroused considerable interest because it can help reduce emissions from fossil fuels which are likely to remain the dominant source of primary energy for decades to come. The main issues for the technology are cost and its implications for financing new or retrofitted plants, and the security of underground storage.

scholarly journals New Porous Silicon-Containing Organic Polymers: Synthesis and Carbon Dioxide Uptake

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1488
Author(s):  
Safaa H. Mohamed ◽  
Ayad S. Hameed ◽  
Emad Yousif ◽  
Mohammad Hayal Alotaibi ◽  
Dina S. Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Organic Polymers ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Uptake ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
The One

The design and synthesis of new multifunctional organic porous polymers has attracted significant attention over the years due to their favorable properties, which make them suitable for carbon dioxide storage. In this study, 2-, 3-, and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde reacted with phenyltrichlorosilane in the presence of a base, affording the corresponding organosilicons 1–3, which further reacted with benzidine in the presence of glacial acetic acid, yielding the organic polymers 4–6. The synthesized polymers exhibited microporous structures with a surface area of 8.174–18.012 m2 g−1, while their pore volume and total average pore diameter ranged from 0.015–0.035 cm3 g−1 and 1.947–1.952 nm, respectively. In addition, among the synthesized organic polymers, the one with the meta-arrangement structure 5 showed the highest carbon dioxide adsorption capacity at 323 K and 40 bar due to its relatively high surface area and pore volume.

Catalysts for hydrogenation of CO2 into components of motor fuels

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Yu.V. Bilokopytov ◽  
◽  
S.L. Melnykova ◽  
N.Yu. Khimach ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Catalyst Stability ◽  
Co2 Conversion ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Synthesis Conditions ◽  
Hydrogenation Of Co2 ◽  
Mesoporous Zeolites ◽  
Motor Fuels

CO2 is a harmful greenhouse gas, a product of chemical emissions, the combustion of fossil fuels and car exhausts, and it is a widely available source of carbon. The review considers various ways of hydrogenation of carbon dioxide into components of motor fuels - methanol, dimethyl ether, ethanol, hydrocarbons - in the presence of heterogeneous catalysts. At each route of conversion of CO2 (into oxygenates or hydrocarbons) the first stage is the formation of CO by the reverse water gas shift (rWGS) reaction, which must be taken into account when catalysts of process are choosing. The influence of chemical nature, specific surface area, particle size and interaction between catalyst components, as well as the method of its production on the CO2 conversion processes is analyzed. It is noted that the main active components of CO2 conversion into methanol are copper atoms and ions which interact with the oxide components of the catalyst. There is a positive effect of other metals oxides additives with strong basic centers on the surface on the activity of the traditional copper-zinc-aluminum oxide catalyst for the synthesis of methanol from the synthesis gas. The most active catalysts for the synthesis of DME from CO2 and H2 are bifunctional. These catalysts contain both a methanol synthesis catalyst and a dehydrating component, such as mesoporous zeolites with acid centers of weak and medium strength, evenly distributed on the surface. The synthesis of gasoline hydrocarbons (≥ C5) is carried out through the formation of CO or CH3OH and DME as intermediates on multifunctional catalysts, which also contain zeolites. Hydrogenation of CO2 into ethanol can be considered as an alternative to the synthesis of ethanol through the hydration of ethylene. High activation energy of carbon dioxide, harsh synthesis conditions as well as high selectivity for hydrocarbons, in particular methane remains the main problems. Further increase of selectivity and efficiency of carbon dioxide hydrogenation processes involves the use of nanocatalysts taking into account the mechanism of CO2 conversion reactions, development of methods for removing excess water as a by-product from the reaction zone and increasing catalyst stability over time.

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