scholarly journals Genotypic Variation in Biomass Produced Is Linked to Differences in Radiation Acquisition in Mungbean

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Geetika ◽  
Rachaputi ◽  
Collins ◽  
Singh ◽  
Wenham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Canopy Density ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Rotation Crop

Mungbean has become an important cash and legume rotation crop in the Australian Northern Grains region. Thus, it is necessary to narrow the gap between potential productivity and actual production by understanding the crop physiological attributes contributing to the acquisition of radiation, and it’s conversion into total biomass. A field experiment was conducted at Gatton, during 2018-19 summer season, growing two commercial varieties of mungbean; Jade-AU and Satin II under irrigated conditions. The varieties were planted at 0.5m and 1.0m row spacing and different plant densities. Weekly biomass cuts were taken from a square meter and separated into its components. The area of a green leaf sub-sample was used to compute the leaf area of the canopy. Weekly Ceptometer measurements were taken above and below the canopy at noon on clear, sunny days to obtain a measure of Fraction of radiation interception (Fi). Total shoot dry matter (TDM), pod dry mater (PDM) and leaf area index (LAI) was investigated. There was a significant effect of canopy density on Fi. There was no significant difference in total dry matter between the two varieties, however, there was a highly significant effect of canopy density on TDM. . A highly significant variation in LAI amongst the two varieties and across canopy densities, with Satin II having a higher mean LAI compared to Jade-AU. There was significant effect of canopy density on PDM. Our data indicate variation in dry matter production across canopy densities and there is a need to examine varietal differences in radiation use efficiency which may provide better understanding of hot the captured radiation is utilized in biomass production in mungbean.

scholarly journals Growth and Dry Matter Accumulation of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) as Influenced by Different Plating Pattern Under Okra - Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) Intercropping

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 81-96
Author(s):  
A.K.M.R.B. Maduwanthi ◽  
Brintha Karunarathna
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Sole Crop ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sole Cropping

Compared to sole cropping, intercropping systems can more efficiently use the existing resources which ultimately lead to improved plant growth and dry matter accumulation. So, most of the farmers in developing countries can follow the intercropping systems with high yielding crop combinations. The experiment was carried out at the Crop Farm of Eastern University, Sri Lanka in 2018 to investigate the growth and dry matter accumulation in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) as influenced by different planting patterns under okra-cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) intercropping in sandy regosol. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Treatments were okra as a sole crop (T1), cowpea as a sole crop (T2), alternative planting of okra and cowpea (T3), 60/150 cm paired row planting of okra with two rows and three rows of cowpea in between paired rows (T4 and T5) and 75/120 cm paired row planting of okra with two rows and three rows of cowpea in between paired rows (T6 and T7). Plant height, root length, fresh and dry weights of plant, leaf area, leaf area index, canopy width and cumulative yield of okra were higher in T5, while chlorophyll content showed no significant difference (P>0.05) with different planting patterns. The present study concluded that 60/150 cm paired row planting of okra with three rows of cowpea in between paired rows (T5) would be the most suitable planting system in sandy regosol to achieve better growth and dry matter in okra.

scholarly journals Differential Influences of Leaf Tip Trimming on Light Interception and Dry Matter Production in Tomato Dutch Cultivar Gourmet and Japanese Cultivar Momotaro York

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 686-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadahisa Higashide ◽  
Yuya Mochizuki ◽  
Takeshi Saito ◽  
Yasushi Kawasaki ◽  
Dong-Hyuk Ahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Light Extinction ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Japanese Cultivar

To investigate the influence of morphological changes in individual leaves of tomato on light interception and dry matter (DM) production, we altered leaf shape by trimming leaflets of young or mature leaves of the Dutch cultivar Gourmet and the Japanese cultivar Momotaro York. Young leaves 5-cm long were trimmed of their first and second leaflets from the leaf apex. Mature leaves were similarly trimmed at ≥71 days after transplanting (DAT). The individual leaf area (LA) of intact ‘Momotaro York’ leaves was significantly larger than that of ‘Gourmet’. Light–photosynthesis curves of the cultivars were almost identical. Mature-trimmed plants of both cultivars had a smaller individual LA and a smaller leaf area index (LAI), and a greater light-extinction coefficient (LEC). Although there was no significant difference in light-use efficiency (LUE) (i.e., DM production per unit intercepted solar radiation) in ‘Gourmet’ between trimming stages, LUE of ‘Momotaro York’ was decreased significantly by young-leaf trimming. Trimming of young leaves significantly decreased the LEC in ‘Gourmet’ but increased it in ‘Momotaro York’. Although leaf trimming would be impractical for commercial cultivation, these results may provide with a clue for breeding for yield improvement.

scholarly journals Leaf Area Estimation in Chamomile

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 429
Author(s):  
Jocélia Rosa da Silva ◽  
Arno Bernardo Heldwein ◽  
Andressa Janaína Puhl ◽  
Adriana Almeida do Amarante ◽  
Daniella Moreira Salvadé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Direct Methods ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Area Estimation ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Area Determination

The knowledge of the variables specific leaf area and leaf area index is important for direct or indirect quantification of plant growth, development and yield. However, there is a lack of these information due to the difficulty in measuring the leaf area of chamomile. Measuring leaf area by direct methods, such as the use of leaf area integrator is a very laborious and time consuming activity because the plant has many leaves and with small size. The use of leaf dry matter is a promising variable for the leaf area estimation. As an important measure to evaluate plant growth, the present study aimed to obtain a model for chamomile leaf area estimation through leaf dry matter. The experiment was conducted in two sowing dates (March 18 and June 30, 2017) at different plant densities (66, 33, 22, 16, 13, 11 and 8 plants m-2). The leaves of chamomile plants were collected in the plant vegetative and reproductive phases. The leaf area determination was performed using the electronic integration method of leaf area. The specific leaf area was 133 cm2 g-1, with no differences between sowing dates, plant densities and phenological phases of plant collection. The leaf area measured with the electronic leaf area integrator exhibited high correlation with chamomile leaf dry matter and the resulting model of leaf area data by the integrator presented optimum performance. This model is indicated for leaf area determination of chamomile when there is availability of leaf dry matter data.

scholarly journals The nitrogen topdressing mode of indica-japonica and indica hybrid rice are different after side-deep fertilization with machine transplanting

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodan Wang ◽  
Yaliang Wang ◽  
Yuping Zhang ◽  
Jing Xiang ◽  
Yikai Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Quick Release ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spikelets Per Panicle

AbstractDetermination of the optimal fertilization method is crucial to maximize nitrogen use efficiency and yield of different rice cultivars. Side-deep fertilization with controlled-release nitrogen, in conjunction with machine transplanting and subsequent topdressing, was applied to Indica–japonica hybrid rice ‘Yongyou1540’ (YY1540) and indica hybrid rice ‘Tianyouhuazhan’ (TYHZ). Four nitrogen treatments were applied in 2018 and 2019: traditional nitrogen application with quick-release nitrogen (T1), single-dose deep fertilization at transplanting with 100% controlled-release nitrogen (T2), and deep fertilization of 70% controlled-release nitrogen and topdressing of 30% quick nitrogen at tillering (T3), or at panicle initiation (T4). Side-deep fertilization reduced the fertilizer application frequency without causing yield loss, T4 enhanced the yield of YY1540 by increasing the number of productive tillers and number of spikelets per panicle compared with T1, T2 and T3. The yield of TYHZ showed no significant difference among treatments. The T4 treatment decreased the number of tillers at the tilling peak stage and increased the percentage productive tillers and number of differentiated spikelets. Compared with the other treatments, T4 increased dry matter accumulation and leaf area index during panicle initiation and grain ripening, and contributed to enhanced nitrogen uptake and nitrogen utilization in YY1540. On average, nitrogen uptake and utilization in YY1540 were highest in T4, but no significant differences among treatments were observed in TYHZ. Dry matter accumulation and nitrogen uptake from panicle initiation to heading of YY1540 were correlated with number of spikelets per panicle, but no significant correlations were observed for TYHZ. Supplementary topdressing with quick-release nitrogen at the panicle initiation stage was required to increase yield of indica–japonica hybrid rice, whereas single-dose deep fertilization with controlled-release nitrogen is satisfactory for the indica hybrid cultivar.

scholarly journals Paclobutrazol Improves Sesame Yield by Increasing Dry Matter Accumulation and Reducing Seed Shattering Under Rainfed Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zeeshan Mehmood ◽  
Ghulam Qadir ◽  
Obaid Afzal ◽  
Atta Mohi Ud Din ◽  
Muhammad Ali Raza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Seed Shattering ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Leaf Greenness

AbstractSeveral biotic and abiotic stresses significantly decrease the biomass accumulation and seed yield of sesame crops under rainfed areas. However, plant growth regulators (such as Paclobutrazol) can improve the total dry matter and seed production of the sesame crop. The effects of the paclobutrazol application on dry matter accumulation and seed yield had not been studied before in sesame under rainfed conditions. Therefore, a two-year field study during 2018 and 2019 was conducted with key objectives to assess the impacts of paclobutrazol on leaf greenness, leaf area, total dry matter production and partitioning, seed shattering, and seed yield of sesame. Two sesame cultivars (TS-5 and TS-3) were treated with four paclobutrazol concentrations (P0 = Control, P1 = 100 mg L−1, P2 = 200 mg L−1, P3 = 300 mg L−1). The experiment was executed in RCBD-factorial design with three replications. Compared with P0, treatment P3 improved the leaf greenness of sesame by 17%, 38%, and 60% at 45, 85, and 125 days after sowing, respectively. However, P3 treatment decreased the leaf area of sesame by 14% and 20% at 45 and 85 days after sowing than P0, respectively. Compared with P0, treatment P3 increased the leaf area by 46% at 125 days after sowing. On average, treatment P3 also improved the total biomass production by 21% and partitioning in roots, stems, leaves, capsules, and seeds by 23%, 19%, 23%, 22%, and 40%, respectively, in the whole growing seasons as compared to P0. Moreover, under P3 treatment, sesame attained the highest seed yield and lowest seed shattering by 27% and 30%, respectively, compared to P0. This study indicated that by applying the paclobutrazol concentration at the rate of 300 mg L−1 in sesame, the leaf greenness, leaf areas, biomass accumulation, partitioning, seed yield, and shatter resistance could be improved. Thus, the optimum paclobutrazol level could enhance the dry matter accumulation and seed production capacity of sesame by decreasing shattering losses under rainfed conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of Organic Manures on Growth, Rhizome Yield and Quality Attributes of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Z. U. Kamal ◽  
M. N. Yousuf
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Organic Manures ◽  
Neem Cake ◽  
Yield And Quality

The investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of different organic manures on turmeric with reference to vegetative growth, biomass production, rhizome yield and its attributes of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). Turmeric showed better response to the application of organic manures. Plant with neem cake application had the taller plant (79.30 cm), maximum number of tillers per plant (5.40), leaf number (5.40), leaf area (44.09) leaf area index (0.429), fresh weight of halum ( 190.05g), fresh weight of root (49.13 g), fresh weight of rhizome per plant (256.21 g) and dry weight of halum (15.21g), dry weight of root (7.32 g), dry weight of rhizome per plant (40.35 g), total dry matter yield (6.85 t ha-1) than those received other types of manures. Moreover, yield attributes such as number of mother rhizomes per plant-1 (1.75), more number of primary rhizomes per plant-1 (5.19), secondary rhizomes per plant-1 (18.03) and tertiary rhizomes per plant (7.69) were also highly accelerated by neem cake application. Similarly, the same treatment expressed the best in terms of size of mother rhizome (7.69 cm), primary rhizome (21.86 cm) and secondary rhizomes (7.05 cm).All these parameters in cumulative contributed to  produce the highest estimated fresh rhizomes yield & cured rhizomes yield (29.48 t ha-1, 5.59 t ha-1 respectively). The highest curing percentage (20.28) was observed in T3 treatment having mustard cake@ 2.0 t/ha. Thus, organic manure like neem cake was best fitted natural fertilizer for turmeric cultivation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v10i1.11060The Agriculturists 2012; 10(1): 16-22

scholarly journals Nitrogen for growth of stock plants and production of strawberry runner tips

Bragantia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djeimi Isabel Janisch ◽  
Jerônimo Luiz Andriolo ◽  
Vinícius Toso ◽  
Kamila Gabriele Ferreira dos Santos ◽  
Jéssica Maronez de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Camino Real ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Crown Roots

The objective of this research was to determine growth and dry matter partitioning among organs of strawberry stock plants under five Nitrogen concentrations in the nutrient solution and its effects on emission and growth of runner tips. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions, from September 2010 to March 2011, in a soilless system with Oso Grande and Camino Real cultivars. Nitrogen concentrations of 5.12, 7.6, 10.12 (control), 12.62 and 15.12 mmol L-1 in the nutrient solution were studied in a 5x2 factorial randomised experimental design. All runner tips bearing at least one expanded leaf (patent requested) were collected weekly and counted during the growth period. The number of leaves, dry matter (DM) of leaves, crown and root, specific leaf area and leaf area index (LAI) was determined at the final harvest. Increasing N concentration in the nutrient solution from 5.12 to 15.12 mmol L-1 reduces growth of crown, roots and LAI of strawberry stock plants but did not affect emission and growth of runner tips. It was concluded that for the commercial production of plug plants the optimal nitrogen concentration in the nutrient solution should be 5.12 mmol L-1.

scholarly journals Growth and yield of wheat at different dates of sowing under chrland ecosystem of Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Kamrozzaman ◽  
MAH Khan ◽  
S Ahmed ◽  
N Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Crop Growth Rate

An experiment was conducted at Sadipur charland under Farming System Research and Development Site, Hatgobindapur, Faridpur, during rabi season of 2012-13 and 2013-14 to study the growth and yield performance of cv. BARI Gom-24 as affected by different dates of sowing under Agro-ecological Zone-12 (AEZ-12) of Bangladesh. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with six replications, comprising five different dates of sowing viz. November 5, November 15, November 25, December 5 and December 15. Results reveal that the tallest plant, leaf area index, total dry matter, and crop growth rate were observed in November 25 sown crop and leaf area index, total dry matter and crop growth rate were higher at booting, grain filling, and tillering stages of the crop. Maximum effective tillers hill-1 (3.49), spikes m-2, (311), number of grains spike-1 (42.20) and 1000-grain weight (52.10 g) were produced by November 25 sown crop exhibited the highest grain (4.30 t ha-1) and straw yield (4.94 t ha-1) as well as harvest index (46.88%) of the crop. Lowest performance was observed both in early (November 5) and late sown crop (December 15). The overall results indicated that November 25 sown crop showed better performance in respect of growth and yield of wheat under charland ecosystem of Bangladesh.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 14(2): 147-154, December 2016

Effects of Planting Density on Leaf Area and Productivity of Two Maize Cultivars in Nigeria

1982 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. U. Remison ◽  
E. O. Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Maize Cultivars

SUMMARYTwo maize cvs, FARZ 23 and FARZ 25, were grown at three densities (37,000, 53,000 and 80,000 plants/ha) in 1979 and 1980. Leaf area index (LAI) increased with increase in plant population and was at a maximum at mid-silk. Grain yield was highest at 53,000 plants/ha. There was no relation between LAI and grain yield but there was a positive correlation between LAI and total dry matter yield.

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