scholarly journals Pharmaceutical Cocrystals—A Review

Proceedings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Sheetal S. Buddhadev ◽  
Kevin C. Garala
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Regulatory Control ◽  
Pharmaceutical Cocrystals ◽  
Drug Products ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
Supercritical Fluid Technology ◽  
Slurry Method

The design and synthesis of pharmaceutical cocrystals have received great interest in the recent years. Cocrystallization of drug substances offers a tremendous opportunity for the development of new drug products with superior physical and pharmacological properties such as solubility, stability, hydroscopicity, dissolution rates and bioavailability. This short review summarizes this highly topical field, covering why the topic is of interest in pharmaceutical formulation, the definitions and practical scope of cocrystals, cocrystal preparation and characterization, a comparison of different (traditional and novel) methods for cocrystal formation and the implications for regulatory control and intellectual property protection. Traditionally, cocrystals can be prepared by solvent evaporation method, grinding, and slurry method, but every method has its limitations for certain conditions. The current trend for cocrystal formation uses sophisticated methods such as the hot melt extrusion method, spray-drying method, supercritical fluid technology and the newest method: laser irradiation. The purpose of the development of a new method is not only to overcome the limitation of traditional cocrystallization methods, but also to generate simpler steps and a continuous process for the production of the cocrystal product. This article provides a brief explanation of each method that can be used to generate pharmaceutical cocrystals as well as evaluation of cocrystals. This article also covers how the developing field of cocrystallization may impact the pharmaceutical intellectual property landscape.

Short Review and opinion: New matter properties and applications based on Hybrids Graphene based Metamaterials

2020 ◽  
Vol 04 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Guillermo Bracamonte
Keyword(s):  
Short Review ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Current State ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Miniaturized Instrumentation ◽  
And Control ◽  
Conductive Properties

: Graphene as Organic material showed special attention due to their electronic and conductive properties. Moreover, its highly conjugated chemical structures and relative easy modification permitted varied design and control of targeted properties and applications. In addition, this Nanomaterial accompanied with pseudo Electromagnetic fields permitted photonics, electronics and Quantum interactions with their surrounding that generated new materials properties. In this context, this short Review, intends to discuss many of these studies related with new materials based on graphene for light and electronic interactions, conductions, and new modes of non-classical light generation. It should be highlighted that these new materials and metamaterials are currently in progress. For this reason it was showed and discussed some representative examples from Fundamental Research with Potential Applications as well as for their incorporations to real Advanced devices and miniaturized instrumentation. In this way, it was proposed this Special issue entitled “Design and synthesis of Hybrids Graphene based Metamaterials”, in order to open and share the knowledge of the Current State of the Art in this Multidisciplinary field.

scholarly journals Lymphoscintigraphy in breast cancer: a short review about the impact on upper limb after surgical treatment

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (spe) ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
Anke Bergmann ◽  
Juliana Miranda Dutra de Resende ◽  
Sebastião David Santos-Filho ◽  
Marcelo Adeodato Bello ◽  
Juliana Flavia de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Lymphatic Drainage ◽  
Key Words Breast ◽  
Axillary Lymphadenectomy ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Breast cancer is still associated with high mortality rates and one of the most important factors governing long survival is accurate and early diagnosis. In underdeveloped countries, this disease frequently is only detected in advanced stages; however, through mammography, many women have been diagnosed at early stages. In this context, the sentinel lymph node (SLN) technique is associated with less postoperative morbidity compared to axillary lymphadenectomy. Lymphoscintigraphy has emerged as a method for the evaluation of lymphatic drainage chains in various tumours, being both accurate and non invasive. The aim of this work is to present the main aspects which cause controversy about SLN and lymphoscintigraphy and the impact that these procedures have had on lymphedema after surgical treatment for breast cancer. A short review including papers in English, Spanish and Portuguese, available on Lilacs and Medline database, published between January, 2000 and July, 2008 was performed. The key words breast cancer, lymphoscintigraphy, SLN biopsy, lymphedema were used. Various studies have aimed to compare the incidence and prevalence of lymphedema according to the technique used; however, the population subjected to SLN is different from the one with indication for axillary lymphadenectomy regarding staging. Moreover, little is known about long term morbidity since it is a relatively new technique. In conclusion, the development of surgical techniques has permitted to minimize deformities and the current trend is that these techniques be as conservative as possible. Thus, lymphoscintigraphy plays an important role in the identification of SLN, contributing to the prevention and minimization of postoperative complications.

scholarly journals What’s yours is mine and what’s mine is mine? Re-thinking intellectual property and research ethics from the experience of the Purhépecha community of Cherán

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-34
Author(s):  
Lucero Ibarra Rojas ◽  
Ezequiel Escobedo Osorio
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
The Social ◽  
Indigenous Perspectives ◽  
Wide Group ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
Collaborative Methodology

Intellectual property and cultural policy are essential to the practice of cultural rights, however, in both legal frameworks, indigenous peoples have often found that the state has little consideration for their voices and their world views. In contrast, though no more representative of indigenous perspectives, the social sciences, while engaging with indigenous voices, have often treated them as a source to be appropriated with disregard of their rights and agency. Through an activist and collaborative methodology that includes the concerns of a wide group of indigenous and non-indigenous persons, this article explores how the oral history project of the Fogata Kejtsitani in the Purhépecha community of Cherán, México, contributes to discussions on the appropriation and dissemination of culture. This community has managed the recognition of their right to autonomy, and in so doing, has founded a continuous process of law creation, on which Kejtsitani takes part. La propiedad intelectual y la política cultural son esenciales para la práctica de derechos culturales, sin embargo, en ambos marcos jurídicos los pueblos indígenas frecuentemente han encontrado que el Estado tiene poca consideración por sus voces y cosmovisiones. En contraste, aunque sin ser más representativo de las perspectivas indígenas, las ciencias sociales que se han relacionado con voces indígenas, frecuentemente las han tratado como una fuente para ser apropiada, descartando sus derechos y agencia. A través de una metodología activista y colaborativa que incluye las inquietudes de un amplio grupo de personas indígenas y no-indígenas, este artículo explora cómo el proyecto de historia oral de la Fogata Kejtsitani en la comunidad Purhépecha de Cherán, México, contribuye a las discusiones sobre la apropiación y diseminación de la cultura. Esta comunidad ha logrado el reconocimiento de su derecho de autonomía y, al hacerlo, ha fundado un proceso continuo de creación de derecho del cual Kejtsitani también forma parte.

Short Review and Opinion: New Matter Properties and Applications Based on Hybrids Graphene Based Metamaterials

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Guillermo Bracamonte
Keyword(s):  
Short Review ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Current State ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Miniaturized Instrumentation ◽  
And Control ◽  
Conductive Properties

: Graphene as Organic material showed special attention due to their electronic and conductive properties. Moreover, its highly conjugated chemical structures and relative easy modification permitted varied design and control of targeted properties and applications. In addition, this Nanomaterial accompanied with pseudo Electromagnetic fields permitted photonics, electronics and Quantum interactions with their surrounding that generated new materials properties. In this context, this short Review, intends to discuss many of these studies related with new materials based on graphene for light and electronic interactions, conductions, and new modes of non-classical light generation. It should be highlighted that these new materials and metamaterials are currently in progress. For this reason it was showed and discussed some representative examples from Fundamental Research with Potential Applications as well as for their incorporations to real Advanced devices and miniaturized instrumentation. In this way, it was proposed this Special issue entitled “Design and synthesis of Hybrids Graphene based Metamaterials”, in order to open and share the knowledge of the Current State of the Art in this Multidisciplinary field.

scholarly journals MERCHANDISE SEBAGAI PENDUKUNG VISUAL BRANDING UNTUK KEKAYAAN INTELEKTUAL LOKAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Shienny Megawati Sutanto ◽  
Agung Eko Budi Waspada ◽  
Ganal Rudiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Brand Image ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Intellectual Ability ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Small Step ◽  
The Public ◽  
Know How ◽  
Intellectual Abilities

<br /><div>Merchandise to support visual branding for local intellectual property merchandise as a support for visual branding for local intellectual property. Intellectual property are creative works that arise or born from human intellectual abilities can be in the form of technology, science, art and literature. These works were produced on the intellectual ability of humans through the outpouring of time, energy, thought, creativity, and taste. An intellectual property brand especially domestic brand needs a strategy</div><div>to increase their brand exposure in order to compete with international brands. building a brand image in the minds of the public are not instant and can be sufficiently done by creating and publishing a creative work alone, but through a long and continuous process. Designing merchandise is one small step towards building an image for intellectual property brand, to raise awareness and recoqnizion towards target audience. To know how merchandise can support the visual branding of intellectual property, research needs to be carried out by examining various literature specifically relating to branding, intellectual property, characteristics of yarget audiences and semiotic theory. <br /><br /><strong>Abstrak</strong><div><br />Merchandise sebagai pendukung visual branding untuk kekayaan intelektual lokal. Kekayaan intelektual merupakan kekayaan yang timbul atau lahir dari kemampuan intelektual manusia.</div><div>Karya-karya yang timbul atau lahir dari kemampuan intelektual manusia dan dapat berupa karya di bidang teknologi, ilmu pengetahuan, seni dan sastra. Karya-karya tersebut dilahirkan atau dihasilkan atas kemampuan intelektual manusia melalui curahan waktu, tenaga, pikiran, daya cipta, rasa dan karsanya. Sebuah brand kekayaan intelektual khususnya produksi dalam negeri membutuhkan strategi untuk meningkatkan paparan brand agar mampu bersaing dengan brand internasional. Membangun citra di benak khalayak bukanlah hal yang instan dan</div><div>cukup dikerjakan dengan menciptakan dan mempublikasikan sebuah karya saja, melainkan melalui rangkaian proses yang panjang dan kontinyu. Perancangan merchandise menjadi salah satu langkah kecil untuk membangun citra karya kekayaan intelektual agar lebih</div><div>dikenal oleh khalayak sasaran. Untuk mengetahui bagaimana merchandise dapat mendukung visual branding kekayaan intelektual, perlu dilakukan penelitian dengan mengkaji berbagai pustaka yang berkaitan khususnya yang berkaitan dengan branding, kekayaan intelektual, karaktertistik khalayak sasaran dan teori semiotika.</div></div>

scholarly journals Cocrystals: A Review of Recent Trends in Pharmaceutical and Material Science Applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 09-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manjunath Javoor ◽  
Pradip Mondal ◽  
Deepak Chopra
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Supramolecular Chemistry ◽  
Crystal Engineering ◽  
Material Science ◽  
Molecular Crystals ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Pharmaceutical Cocrystals ◽  
Promising Area ◽  
Recent Trends

Over the last two decades, the design of multicomponent molecular crystals or cocrystals has grown out to be an interesting and promising area of research in pharmaceuticals and material science. Cocrystallization is at the interface of crystal engineering and supramolecular chemistry and allows us to vary the physicochemical properties of solids according to the need, through manipulation of various intermolecular interactions. In this short review, we focus on some recent reports on pharmaceutical cocrystals and emerging subclasses of cocrystals, namely: Charge transfer cocrystals, Energetic cocrystals, and Ternary cocrystals and discuss about their methods of characterization and applications of importance in the industry.

scholarly journals Design and Synthesis of Two-Photon Responsive Chromophores for Near-Infrared Light-Induced Uncaging Reactions

Synthesis ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (15) ◽  
pp. 3337-3346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manabu Abe ◽  
Youhei Chitose ◽  
Satish Jakkampudi ◽  
Pham Thuy ◽  
Qianghua Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Molecular Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Caged Calcium ◽  
Recent Developments

Near-infrared two-photon (TP)-induced photorelease (uncaging) of bioactive molecules such as drugs has attracted considerable attention because of its ability to elucidate mechanistic aspects of biological processes. This short review summarizes recent developments in the design and synthesis of TP-responsive chromophores.1 Introduction2 Molecular Design of TP-Responsive Organic Chromophores for ‘Caging & Uncaging’2.1 π-Conjugation2.2 A Dipolar System2.3 A Quadrupolar System2.4 An Octupolar System3 Recent Developments of TP Uncaging Reactions3.1 4-Methoxy-7-nitroindolinyl Caged Auxins3.2 Uncaging of GABA and Tryptophan Using TP-Induced Electron-Transfer Reactions3.3 Effect of Position Isomery in Aminoquinoline-Derived Photolabile Protecting Groups (PPGs)3.4 Cooperative Dyads for TP Uncaging3.5 Caged Calcium with a Bis-styrylthiophene Backbone3.6 Cloaked Caged Compounds3.7 Three-Dimensional Control of DNA Hybridization by Orthogonal Two-Color TP Uncaging3.8 TP-Induced Release of Diethyl Phosphate (DEP) and ATP4 Our Contribution to TP Uncaging Reactions5 Summary

scholarly journals Short Review of Multichannel Membrane Capacitive Deionization: Principle, Current Status, and Future Prospect

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayeong Kim ◽  
Jiho Lee ◽  
Seonghwan Kim ◽  
Sung Pil Hong ◽  
Changha Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Process ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Ion Removal ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Desalination Technology ◽  
Further Development

Capacitive deionization (CDI) has gained a lot of attention as a promising water desalination technology. Among several CDI architectures, multichannel membrane CDI (MC-MCDI) has recently emerged as one of the most innovative systems to enhance the ion removal capacity. The principal feature of MC-MCDI is the independently controllable electrode channels, providing a favorable environment for the electrodes and enhancing the desalination performance. Furthermore, MC-MCDI has been studied in various operational modes, such as concentration gradient, reverse voltage discharging for semi-continuous process, and increase of mass transfer. Furthermore, the system configuration of MC-MCDI has been benchmarked for the extension of the operation voltage and sustainable desalination. Given the increasing interest in MC-MCDI, a comprehensive review is necessary to provide recent research efforts and prospects for further development of MC-MCDI. Therefore, this review actively addresses the major principle and operational features of MC-MCDI along with conventional CDI for a better understanding of the MC-MCDI system. In addition, the innovative applications of MC-MCDI and their notable improvements are also discussed. Finally, this review briefly mentions the major challenges of MC-MCDI as well as proposes future research directions for further development of MC-MCDI as scientific and industrial desalination technologies.

Pharmaceutical Cocrystals: Formulation Approaches to Develop Robust Drug Products

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 617-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naga Kiran Duggirala ◽  
Shawn M. LaCasse ◽  
Michael J. Zaworotko ◽  
Joseph F. Krzyzaniak ◽  
Kapildev K. Arora
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Cocrystals ◽  
Drug Products
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