scholarly journals Introduction: New Discoveries and Theoretical Implications for the Last Foraging and First Farming in East Asia

Quaternary ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Pei-Lin Yu ◽  
Kazunobu Ikeya ◽  
Meng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Scientific Understanding

Worldwide, scientific understanding about domestication and the origins of food production is undergoing rapid change based on new data from discoveries in paleoclimates and environments, paleobiology, and archaeology [...]

Introductory remarks

1977 ◽  
Vol 280 (972) ◽  
pp. 105-105
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Change ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Different Sources

In the last year or two there has been a remarkable increase in the interest, both popular and scientific, in the subject of climatic change. This stems from a recognition that even a highly technological society is vulnerable to the effects of climatic fluctuations and indeed may become more so, as margins of surplus food production are reduced, and nations become more interdependent for their food supply. In this respect our concern is with quite small changes - a degree (Celsius) or less in temperature and 10 % or so in rainfall. Probably we may discount some of the more alarmist suggestions of an imminent and rapid change towards near glacial conditions as these are based on very sketchy evidence. However, whatever the time-scale of climatic fluctuations with which we are concerned, we may hope to learn a great deal which is relevant to the factors which will control our future climate from the study of its more extreme vagaries in the past. Information relevant to the weather in such extreme periods is coming forward in increasing detail and volume from a wide range of disciplines. The variety of the evidence, its lack of precision as a strict measure of climate, and the number of different sources all make it difficult for an individual to build up a clear picture of past climates. However such a picture is needed, if explanations and interpretation are to be possible. Ideally one would need a synchronous picture of the climate of the whole world at selected epochs in the past. Various international programmes are directed to forming such pictures.

scholarly journals Major Patterns in the Neolithic Chronology of East Asia: Issues of the Origin of Pottery, Agriculture, and Civilization

Radiocarbon ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 891-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaroslav V Kuzmin ◽  
J A Timothy Jull ◽  
G S Burr
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Food Production ◽  
North China ◽  
State Level ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Far Eastern Russia ◽  
Neolithic Agriculture ◽  
Terminal Pleistocene ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
Different Parts

General chronological frameworks created recently for the Neolithic complexes of China, Japan, Korea, and far eastern Russia allow us to reveal temporal patterns of Neolithization, origin of food production, and the emergence of civilizations. Pottery originated in East Asia, most probably independently in different parts of it, in the terminal Pleistocene, about 14,800–13,300 BP (uncalibrated), and this marks the beginning of the Neolithic. Agriculture in the eastern part of Asia emerged only in the Holocene. The earliest trace of millet cultivation in north China can now be placed at ∼9200 BP, and rice domestication in south China is dated to ∼8000 BP. Pottery in East Asia definitely preceded agriculture. The term “civilization,” which implies the presence of a state level of social organization and written language, has been misused by scholars who assert the existence of a very early “Yangtze River civilization” at about 6400–4200 cal BP. The earliest reliable evidence of writing in China is dated only to about 3900–3000 cal BP, and no “civilization” existed in East Asia prior to this time.

The Diffusion Route and Chronology of Korean Plant Domestication

1982 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong-pil Choe
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
East Asia ◽  
South China ◽  
Korean Peninsula ◽  
Food Production ◽  
North China ◽  
Plant Domestication ◽  
Sorghum Vulgare ◽  
North And South ◽  
And Diffusion

Problems concerning the emergence and geographical diffusion of food production in East Asia have long interested archaeologists and historians. However, attempts to reconstruct the chronology and diffusion routes from the so-called nuclear zones of both North and South China through the Korean peninsula and Japan have been less than convincing. In North China, the crops involved were millet (Setaria italica) and kaoliang (Sorghum vulgare); in South China, rice (Oryza sativa japonica and indica).

scholarly journals Understanding the specific nature of the East Asia Neolithic transition

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 6-29
Author(s):  
Oksana Yanshina
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Central China ◽  
The Sea Of Japan ◽  
Main Subject ◽  
Specific Nature ◽  
North Central ◽  
Neolithic Transition ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Two Stages

The main subject of this article is to define the specific nature of the Palaeolithic-Neolithic transition in East Asia. A comparative analysis of regional East Asian data was run in order to achieve this. As a result, three dissimilar models of the Neolithic transition were distinguished: Meso-Neolithic, Subneolithic, and Neolithic proper. The first and last are similar to their counterparts in the western part of Eurasia, but the Subneolithic is unique for East Asia. Regarding chronology, two stages of Neolithic transition can be clearly recognized in this region. The new Subneolithic type of hunter-gatherer cultures occurred during the first stage around the Sea of Japan. At the second stage, the transition to food production started in central and north-central China. In between, there was a cultural, spatial and temporal gap splitting up the transitional process into two isolated episodes.

scholarly journals Understanding the specific nature of the East Asia Neolithic transition

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 6-29
Author(s):  
Oksana Yanshina
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Central China ◽  
The Sea Of Japan ◽  
Main Subject ◽  
Specific Nature ◽  
North Central ◽  
Neolithic Transition ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Two Stages

The main subject of this article is to define the specific nature of the Palaeolithic-Neolithic transition in East Asia. A comparative analysis of regional East Asian data was run in order to achieve this. As a result, three dissimilar models of the Neolithic transition were distinguished: Meso-Neolithic, Subneolithic, and Neolithic proper. The first and last are similar to their counterparts in the western part of Eurasia, but the Subneolithic is unique for East Asia. Regarding chronology, two stages of Neolithic transition can be clearly recognized in this region. The new Subneolithic type of hunter-gatherer cultures occurred during the first stage around the Sea of Japan. At the second stage, the transition to food production started in central and north-central China. In between, there was a cultural, spatial and temporal gap splitting up the transitional process into two isolated episodes.

scholarly journals STEM Graduate Students’ Systems Thinking, Modeling and Scientific Understanding—The Case of Food Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 7417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Effrat Akiri ◽  
Marina Tal ◽  
Roee Peretz ◽  
Dov Dori ◽  
Yehudit Judy Dori
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Systems Thinking ◽  
Prospective Teachers ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Scientific Understanding ◽  
Learning In Context ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Understanding Of Science ◽  
And Mathematics

Modeling and systems thinking skills, as well as scientific understanding, are necessary for comprehending complex, food-related processes. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of food-related learning units on graduate students’ systems thinking and modeling skills, as well as on their understanding of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) issues. In this research, six STEM experts constructed a conceptual model of the codfish tracking process using Object-Process Methodology. Next, 15 STEM graduate students, who are prospective teachers, participated in a graduate course, which includes four online units on food production processes based on their respective models. Research tools included an expert focus group, student assignments, and questionnaires. Modeling and scientific understanding rubrics were adapted and validated for analysis of the assignments. We found a significant difference in the scores of systems thinking and modeling skills between students with modeling background and those without. Based of students’ feedback along the course, learning in context of food and sustainability also contributed to developing these skills. The contribution is the combination of food production and conceptual models for developing STEM teachers’ systems thinking and modeling skills, and their scientific understanding of food processes and sustainability issues.

High time resolution enzyme cytochemistry of rod outer segment

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 878-879
Author(s):  
Takuma Saito ◽  
Toshihiro Takizawa
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Outer Segment ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
High Time Resolution ◽  
Visual Cell ◽  
Enzyme Cytochemistry ◽  
Activation Effect ◽  
Rod Outer Segment ◽  
Enzymatic Cascades ◽  
Rapid Drop

Cells and tissues live on a number of dynamic metabolic pathways, which are made up of sequential enzymatic cascades.Recent biochemical and physiological studies of vision research showed the importance of cGMP metabolism in the rod outer segment of visual cell, indicat ing that the photon activated rhodopsin exerts activation effect on the GTP binding protein, transducin, and this act ivated transducin further activates phosphodiesterase (PDEase) to result in a rapid drop in cGMP concentration in the cytoplasm of rod outer segment. This rapid drop of cGMP concentration exerts to close the ion channel on the plasma membrane and to stop of inward current brings hyperpolarization and evokes an action potential.These sequential change of enzyme activities, known as cGMP cascade, proceeds quite rapidly within msec order. Such a rapid change of enzyme activities, such as PDEase in rod outer segment, was not a matter of conventional histochemical invest igations.

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