scholarly journals Religion, Belonging, and Active Citizenship: A Systematic Review of Literature on Muslim Youth in Australia

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
Mehmet Ozalp ◽  
Mirela Ćufurović
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Civic Engagement ◽  
The Body ◽  
Active Citizenship ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
The West ◽  
Important Conclusion ◽  
Muslim Youth ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
The Impact

Muslim youth have been under scrutiny over the last two decades from a radicalisation and countering violent extremism lens. This bias has largely carried itself to research conducted on Muslim youth in the West. This article undertakes a systematic review and analysis of literature conducted on Muslim youth in the West and in Australia in the last two decades since 11 September 2001. The body of literature in this field can be grouped under three main themes: (1) the impact of terrorism policies and discourse on Muslim youth and their disengaged identities, (2) the relationship between religion (Islam) and civic engagement of Muslim youth, and (3) Muslim youth as active citizens. An important conclusion of this review is that most of the research is dated. There have been significant changes in the development of youth as they quickly evolve and adapt. The systematic review of literature exposed a number of gaps in the research: the current literature ignores generic adolescent factors and external social factors other than Islam that also influence Muslim youth; studies that examine both online and traditional activism and volunteering space are needed to understand the dynamics of change and shift; research needs to focus on Muslim youth who were born and raised in Australia rather than focus only on migrant youth; the ways some Muslim youth use their unique sense of identity as Australian Muslims to become successful citizens engaged in positive action is not known; how Muslim youth use avenues other than their faith to express themselves in civic engagement and their commitment to society is underexplored; it is not known the degree to which bonding networks influence the identity formation and transformation of Muslim youth; there is no research done to examine how adult–youth partnership is managed in organisations that successfully integrate youth in their leadership; there is a need to include Australian Muslim youth individual accounts of their active citizenship; there is a need to understand the process of positive Muslim youth transformations as a complement to the current focus on the radicalisation process. Addressing these gaps will allow a more complete understanding of Muslim youth in the West and inform educational and social policies in a more effective manner.

scholarly journals Safety and efficacy of perioperative benzodiazepine administration: study protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. e031895
Author(s):  
Jessica Spence ◽  
Jack Young ◽  
Waleed Alhazzani ◽  
Richard Whitlock ◽  
Frédérick D'Aragon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pool Data ◽  
Intraoperative Awareness ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionPerioperative benzodiazepines are used because of their anxiolytic, sedative and amnestic effects. Evidence has demonstrated an association of benzodiazepines with adverse neuropsychiatric effects. Nonetheless, because of their potential benefits, perioperative benzodiazepines continue to be used routinely. We seek to evaluate the body of evidence of the risks and benefits of benzodiazepine use during the perioperative period.Methods and analysisWe will search Cochrane CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, CINAHL and Web of Science from inception to March 2019 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies evaluating the administration of benzodiazepine medications as compared with all other medications (or nothing) in patients undergoing cardiac and non-cardiac surgery. We will exclude studies assessing the use of benzodiazepines for procedural sedation or day surgery. We will examine the impact of giving these medications before, during and after surgery. Outcomes of interest include the incidence of delirium, duration of delirium, postprocedure cognitive change, the incidence of intraoperative awareness, patient satisfaction/quality of life/quality of recovery, length-of-stay (LOS) in the intensive care unit (ICU), hospital LOS and in-hospital mortality.Reviewers will screen references and assess eligibility using predefined criteria independently and in duplicate. Two reviewers will independently collect data using prepiloted forms. We will present results separately for RCTs and observational studies. We will pool data using a random effect model and present results as relative risk with 95% CIs for dichotomous outcomes and mean difference with 95% CI for continuous outcomes. We will pool adjusted ORs for observational studies. We will assess risk of bias for individual studies using the Cochrane Collaboration tool for RCTs. For observational studies, we will use tools designed by the Clinical Advances through Research and Information Translation group. Quality of evidence for each outcome will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review involves no patient contact and no interaction with healthcare providers or systems. As such, we did not seek ethics board approval. We will disseminate the findings of our systematic review through the presentation at peer-reviewed conferences and by seeking publication in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019128144

Meditation and the Modern Encounter between Asia and the West

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. King
Keyword(s):  
Religious Tradition ◽  
Science And Religion ◽  
The Body ◽  
The West ◽  
Eastern Culture ◽  
Asian Religions ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
Colonial Encounter ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

In the West, meditation has been particularly associated with Asian religions and seen as illustrative of the mystical nature of eastern culture. This chapter explores the impact of the colonial encounter between Europe and Asia. In this context, Asian meditative practices became abstracted from their traditional cosmological, ritualistic, and cultural contexts and reframed in terms of key conceptual binaries and assumptions deriving from modern Western culture. These include a Cartesian distinction between mind and body (with mind being associated with meditation and Buddhist mindfulness, and the body linked to “Hindu” yoga and its modern postural forms). Asian forms of meditation were translated according to a modern psychological framework and encountered in relation to the dichotomies between science and religion on the one hand and religious tradition and a de-traditionalized notion of spirituality on the other. The approaches taken in the Western encounter with Asian meditation tell us as much about the intellectual grooves of the modern Western episteme as they do about the Asian meditative traditions to which they relate.

scholarly journals Examining the impact of students’ attendance, sketching, visualization, and tutors experience on students’ performance: a case of building structures course in construction management

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahim Ullah ◽  
Samad Sepasgozer ◽  
Faham Tahmasebinia ◽  
Saleh Mohammad Ebrahimzadeh Sepasgozar ◽  
Steven Davis
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Construction Management ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
The Body ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Final Exam ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Core Course

The aim of this paper is to examine students’ performance in a computation-based course by evaluating the effects of key factors including sketching, visualization resources provided to them during the lectures, their attendance and tutors’ experience. A systematic review was conducted including 192 articles published during January 2010 to December 2019. Further, a case study has been conducted in which 633 students from non-engineering backgrounds were taught a core course of construction over three-yearly sessions from 2017 to 2019. The performance has been assessed through two quizzes of 10% weight each, assignment of 40% weight and a final exam with 30% weight in 2017-18 and 40% weight in 2019 were utilized with an attendance criterion of below 75% as low attendance. The statistical result highlights that a clear difference of 14% overall marks exist between the students with less than 75% attendance and the ones with 75% and above in 2017 and a 10% gap in 2018. Students with high marks in sketching secured higher overall marks as compared to others highlighting that the sketching skill is useful to construction students. The findings contribute to the body of education knowledge by evaluating key influential factors and provide a useful benchmark to other educators in the field. 

scholarly journals Overweight Effects on Metabolic Rate, Chronic Diseases, Time Perception, Aging, and Lifespan: a Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuat Oshakbayev ◽  
Gulnara Bedelbayeva ◽  
Meruyert Gazaliyeva ◽  
Bibazhar Dukenbayeva ◽  
Attila Tordai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Time Perception ◽  
The Body ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Time Flow ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: The hypothesis that metabolic rate is inversely correlated with lifespan has long been debating. Another area of controversy is an evidence of a relationship between metabolic rate and time perception, and aging. Aim: to study the impact of overweight and food intake on metabolic rate, time-flow perception, chronic diseases, aging, lifespan; difficulties in weight loss.Methods: Design: a systematic review. Setting and Participants: Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, Kopernio, PubMed, Mendeley were searched for articles published from January 1979 until March 2020. The study bases on a viewpoint supported by a systematic literature review of 3612 articles published worldwide.Results: In total, 107 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. From them, 25 articles were excluded with reasons. Overweight and food intake are the main causes of accelerating metabolic rate. By age, the body should less calorie intake due to decreasing metabolic rate. Body capability to gain weight is integral indicator of body energy reserve that depletes after weight gain. Increased metabolic rate creates a delayed time-flow perception and accelerates aging. Metabolic rate and lifespan are inversely correlated. Weight loss is a good tool to delay aging and increase lifespan. Very-low-calorie diets and to manage metabolic intoxication should use at weight loss.Conclusions: The findings support overweight with overeating increases metabolic rate that in turn delays time-flow perception, increases disease, accelerates aging, limits lifespan. For weight loss has to manage a very-low-calorie diet.

scholarly journals Audit and Feedback in emergency: a systematic review and an Italian project to investigate and improve quality of care

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Licata ◽  
Annarita Tullio ◽  
Francesca Valent
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Audit And Feedback ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Improve Quality ◽  
Multimodal Approach ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Feedback Process ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

The Audit and Feedback process (A&F) is commonly accepted as a good way to improve quality in health care, also in Emergency Departments (ED), where health aspects and pathologies are very different, usually acute and highly complex. Within an Italian Ministry of Health research project called EASY-NET, we conducted a systematic review of literature on A&F in EDs from 2014 to December 2019 to evaluate the impact of this approach in a particular setting where time-dependent indicators are fundamental. We selected 24 articles: 9 about infective pathologies (i.e. antibiotic stewardship), 6 about cardiovascular acute emergencies (i.e. cardiac arrest), 2 about stroke, 3 about laboratory tests, and 4 about other fields (i.e. diabetic ketoacidosis or use of prothrombin complex). Most of articles proposed a multimodal approach: only 7 concerned A&F alone. Despite the wide range on interventions modality and the poor comparability of the considered studies, the results are encouraging and confirm the importance to implement A&F both in emergency and in other clinical settings.

The Impact of Maternal Preeclampsia and Hyperglycemia on the Cardiovascular Health of the Offspring: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Hoodbhoy ◽  
Nuruddin Mohammed ◽  
Karim Rizwan Nathani ◽  
Saima Sattar ◽  
Devyani Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

Objectives The objective of this review was to assess the impact of maternal preeclampsia or hyperglycemia on the body composition and cardiovascular health in the offspring. Study Design We conducted a systematic review utilizing PubMed, EBSCO, CINAHLPlus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science to include all studies assessing the impact of preeclampsia/eclampsia and/or gestational/pregestational diabetes mellitus on the health of the offspring (children <10 years of age). The health measures included anthropometry, cardiac dimensions and function, and vascular function. We performed a meta-analysis using Review Manager software and computed net risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for dichotomous data and mean difference (MD) with 95% CI for continuous data. Results There were 6,376 studies in total, of which 45 were included in the review and 40 in the meta-analysis. The results demonstrated higher birth weight (MD: 0.12 kg; 95% CI: 0.06–0.18) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP; MD: 5.98 mmHg; 95% CI: 5.64–6.32 and MD: 3.27 mmHg; 95% CI: 0.65–5.89, respectively) in the offspring of mothers with gestational diabetes compared to controls. In contrast, the offspring of mothers with preeclampsia had lower birth weight (MD: −0.41 kg; 95% CI: −0.7 to −0.11); however, they had increased systolic (MD: 2.2 mmHg; 95% CI: 1.28–3.12) and diastolic BP (MD: 1.41 mmHg; 95% CI: 0.3–2.52) compared to controls. There is lack of data to conduct a meta-analysis of cardiac morphology, functional, and vascular imaging parameters. Conclusion These findings suggest that the in-utero milieu can have a permanent impact on the body composition and vascular health of the offspring. Future work warrants multicenter prospective studies to understand the mechanism and the actual effect of exposure to maternal hyperglycemia and high BP on the cardiovascular health of the offspring and long-term outcomes. Key Points

scholarly journals Electronic Health Records, Interoperability and Patient Safety in Health Systems of High-income Countries: A Systematic Review Protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e044941
Author(s):  
Edmond Li ◽  
Jonathan Clarke ◽  
Ana Luisa Neves ◽  
Hutan Ashrafian ◽  
Ara Darzi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Patient Safety ◽  
Electronic Health Records ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
High Income ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Electronic Health ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionThe availability and routine use of electronic health records (EHRs) have become commonplace in healthcare systems of many high-income countries. While there is an ever-growing body of literature pertaining to their use, evidence surrounding the importance of EHR interoperability and its impact on patient safety remains less clear. There is, therefore, a need and opportunity to evaluate the evidence available regarding this relationship so as to better inform health informatics development and policies in the years to come. This systematic review aims to evaluate the impact of EHR interoperability on patient safety in health systems of high-income countries.Methods and analysisA systematic literature review will be conducted via a computerised search through four databases: PubMed, Embase, Health Management Information Consortium and PsycInfo for relevant articles published between 2010 and 2020. Outcomes of interest will include impact on patient safety and the broader effects on health systems. Quality of the randomised quantitative studies will be assessed using Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Non-randomised papers will be evaluated with the Risk of Bias In Non-Randomised Studies—of Interventions tool. Drummond’s Checklist will be used for publications pertaining to economic evaluation. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence quality appraisal checklist will be used to assess qualitative studies. A narrative synthesis will be conducted for included studies, and the body of evidence will be summarised in a summary of findings table.Ethics and disseminationThis review will summarise published studies with non-identifiable data and, thus, does not require ethical approval. Findings will be disseminated through preprints, open access peer-reviewed publications, and conference presentations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020209285.

scholarly journals Is crossed laterality associated with academic achievement and intelligence? A systematic review and meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Ferrero ◽  
Gillian West ◽  
Miguel A. Vadillo
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lateral Preference ◽  
Academic Difficulties ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Educational Implications ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Special Risk

Over the last century, sporadic research has suggested that people whose hand, eye, foot, or ear dominances are not consistently right- or left-sided are at special risk of suffering academic difficulties. This phenomenon is known as crossed laterality. Although the bulk of this research dates from 1960’s and 1970’s, crossed laterality is becoming increasingly popular in the area of school education, driving the creation of several interventions aimed at restoring or consolidating lateral dominance. However, the available evidence is fragmentary. To determine the impact of crossed laterality on academic achievement and intelligence, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of articles published since 1900. The inclusion criteria for the review required that studies used one or more lateral preference tasks for at least two specific parts of the body; they included a valid measure of crossed laterality; they measured the impact of crossed laterality on academic achievement or intelligence; and they included participants between 3 and 17 years old. The final sample included 26 articles that covered a total population of 3578 children aged 5 to 12. Taken collectively, the results of these studies do not support the claim that there is a reliable association between crossed laterality and either academic achievement or intelligence. Along with this, we detected important shortcomings in the literature, such as considerable heterogeneity among the variables used to measure laterality and among the tasks utilized to measure the outcomes. The educational implications of these results are discussed.

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