Shedding Light on the Anthropogenic Europium Cycle in the EU–28. Marking Product Turnover and Energy Progress in the Lighting Sector

Phase-out strategies for incandescent bulbs in favor of advanced energy-efficiency lighting systems such as fluorescent lamps and solid-state technology have considerably reduced the energy use for lighting, but have also resulted in dependence on many critical materials like rare earth elements and shifted the attention to sustainable use and recovery of resources. In this work, a dynamic material flow model was developed to analyze the socio-economic metabolism of europium in the EU–28. The analysis shows that europium marked product turnover and progress in lighting efficiency, with this element being employed both in traditional and novel lighting technology to provide luminescence. The results also demonstrate that the current anthropogenic reserve could constitute an attractive source of secondary europium with substantial potentials for environmental benefits. However, nonexistent recycling and market forces hinder strategies for material circularity. In particular, the transition from fluorescent lamps to solid-state technology is quickly decreasing the demand for europium. This trend adds further constraints to the creation of a sustainable recycling industry for europium, with primary sources that might remain the preferable route to supply phosphors to future lighting systems.

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The power of green public procurement

elni Review ◽

10.46850/elni.2006.011 ◽

2006 ◽

pp. 55-58

Author(s):

Jill Michielssen

Keyword(s):

Public Procurement ◽

Sustainable Use ◽

Environmental Benefits ◽

Public Authorities ◽

The Public ◽

Goods And Services ◽

Greenhouse Emissions ◽

Desktop Computers ◽

Green Public Procurement ◽

The Eu

Europe's public authorities spend the equivalent of approximately 16% of the EU's GDP on purchasing goods and services. It is therefore crucial that public procurement takes into account environmental protection if the EU is to achieve its Kyoto Protocol target of reducing greenhouse emissions by 8% from 1990 levels, by 2012. “Green” procurement can also contribute significantly to the EU's Strategy for Growth and Jobs. The EU has been legislating on public procurement since 1971 but in 2004, it adopted a new series of public procurement directives which make it absolutely clear that public authorities can take into account the environment when procuring goods, services and works. In 2003, a European Commission study showed that if all public bodies in the EU switched to green electricity, they would avoid more than 60 million tonnes of CO2 emissions per year, thus contributing towards 18% of the EU’s Kyoto target. Each year, the public sector buys more than 2.8 million PCs. If it started purchasing energy-efficient desktop computers, another 830 000 tonnes of CO2 would be prevented, which would bring us an additional 0.25% closer to the Kyoto goal. Other environmental benefits include more sustainable use of natural resources, waste prevention and recycling, and more sustainable cities.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Diversity arrays: a solid state technology for sequence information independent genotyping.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1000471.11353 ◽

2001 ◽

Author(s):

Peter Langridge

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Sequence Information ◽

State Technology

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Environmental Production Efficiency in the European Union Countries as a Tool for the Implementation of Goal 7 of the 2030 Agenda

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14154593 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (15) ◽

pp. 4593

Author(s):

Katarzyna Cheba ◽

Iwona Bąk

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Production Efficiency ◽

Energy Use ◽

The European Union ◽

2030 Agenda ◽

European Union Countries ◽

Taxonomic Methods ◽

Development Levels ◽

The Relationship ◽

The Eu

The main purpose of the paper is to present a proposal to measure the relationships between Goal 7 of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and one of the areas considered in the green growth concept: environmental production efficiency. Both of these areas illustrate the relationship between the natural environment and the economy, emphasizing transformations in the field of energy use. Selected taxonomic methods, TOPSIS, and multicriteria taxonomy, were applied to study the relationships between the two areas. The results of the EU countries classification showed a variety of countries’ development pathways within a single economic community. Despite continued attempts to equalize the development levels between European Union countries in many strategic areas, they remain highly diversified. That is also true for the areas analyzed in the paper, which is a disturbing situation, indicating that both strategies might not correlate in all respects. Further research into the relationships linking the remaining dimensions of both strategies is required.

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A ligand field theory-based methodology for the characterization of the Eu 2+ [Xe]4f 6 5d 1 excited states in solid state compounds

Chemical Physics Letters ◽

10.1016/j.cplett.2015.01.031 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 622 ◽

pp. 120-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Amador García-Fuente ◽

Fanica Cimpoesu ◽

Harry Ramanantoanina ◽

Benjamin Herden ◽

Claude Daul ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Field Theory ◽

Solid State ◽

Excited States ◽

Ligand Field ◽

Ligand Field Theory ◽

The Eu

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Electrochemiluminescence Study of Europium (III) Complex with Coumarin3-Carboxylic Acid

International Journal of Photoenergy ◽

10.1155/2008/131702 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 2008 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Stefan Lis ◽

Krzysztof Staninski ◽

Tomasz Grzyb

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Spectral Analysis ◽

Energy Transfer ◽

Solid State ◽

Carboxylic Acid ◽

Elemental Analysis ◽

Aluminium Electrode ◽

The Eu

The europium (III) complex of coumarin-3-carboxylic acid (C3CA) has been prepared and characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, IR, and emission (photoluminescence and electrochemiluminescence) spectroscopy. The synthesised complex having a formula Eu was photophysically characterized in solution and in the solid state. Electrochemiluminescence, ECL, of the system containing the Eu(III)/C3CA complex was studied using an oxide-covered aluminium electrode. The goal of these studies was to show the possibility of the use of electrochemical excitation of the Eu(III) ion in aqueous solution for emission generation. The generated ECL emission was very weak, and therefore its measurements and spectral analysis were carried out with the use of cut-off filters method. The studies proved a predominate role of the ligand-to-metal energy transfer (LMET) in the generated ECL.

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Preparation and Luminescence Property of LaMgAl11O19

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.519.224 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 519 ◽

pp. 224-227 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Xin Min ◽

Ming Hao Fang ◽

Yan Gai Liu ◽

Zhao Hui Huang

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Luminescence Property ◽

Broad Band ◽

Emission Spectra ◽

Synthesis Temperature ◽

Solid State Lasers ◽

Broad Band Emission ◽

Band Emission ◽

Air Atmosphere ◽

Fluorescent Lamps

Lanthanum magnesium hexaaluminate (LaMgAl11O19, LMA) has attracted much interest as its widely used in solid state lasers, TV phosphors and fluorescent lamps. In this paper, LaMgAl11O19 ceramic was pressureless sintered at 1650 °C for 10 h in air atmosphere using LaMgAl11O19 powders prepared by solid-state reaction at 1500 °C for 4 h. The result indicated that the synthesis temperature of LaMgAl11O19 powders was about 1500 °C. The LMA ceramic sample was dense and had a microstructure of platelet-like gains. The excitation spectrum shows two wide bands with the peaks at about 254 nm and 265 nm by monitoring the strongest 362 nm emission, and the emission spectra is consisted of a broad band emission with their peaks near 362 nm with a half-width about 5 nm exciting with 265 nm wavelength.

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Development of a three-dimensional color rendition space for tunable solid-state light sources

Color and Imaging Conference ◽

10.2352/issn.2169-2629.2021.29.136 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (29) ◽

pp. 136-140

Author(s):

Dorukalp Durmus

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Dimensional Space ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Color Discrimination ◽

Continuous Measure ◽

Light Sources ◽

Vast Number ◽

Lighting Systems ◽

Single Number

The quality of building electric lighting systems can be assessed using color rendition metrics. However, color rendition metrics are limited in quantifying tunable solid-state light sources, since tunable lighting systems can generate a vast number of different white light spectra, providing flexibility in terms of color quality and energy efficiency. Previous research suggests that color rendition is multi-dimensional in nature, and it cannot be simplified to a single number. Color shifts under a test light source in comparison to a reference illuminant, changes in color gamut, and color discrimination are important dimensions of the quality of electric light sources, which are not captured by a single-numbered metric. To address the challenges in color rendition characterization of modern solid-state light sources, the development of a multi-dimensional color rendition space is proposed. The proposed continuous measure can quantify the change in color rendition ability of tunable solid-state light devices with caveats. Future work, discretization of the continuous color rendition space, will be carried out to address the shortcomings of a continuous three-dimensional space.

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Urban Hazard Adaptation: Efficiency of a Green Infrastructure in an Italian metropolis

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-15461 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Francesco Busca ◽

Roberto Revelli

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Green Infrastructure ◽

Local Governments ◽

Sustainable Use ◽

Point Of View ◽

Environmental Benefits ◽

Atmospheric Pollutants ◽

Water Runoff ◽

Water Shortages ◽

Economic Point

In recent years, safeguarding approaches and environmental management initiatives have been adopted both by international institutions and local governments , aimed at sustainable use of natural resources and their restoration, in order to manage hazard level of climate change consequences (urban flooding, droughts and water shortages, sea level rise, issues with food security).Cities represent the main collectors of these effects, consequently they need to implement specific adaptation plans mitigating consequences of such future events: Green Infrastructures (G.I.) fall within the most effective tools for achieving the goal. In the urban context, they also identify themselves as valid strategies for biodiversity recovery and ecological functions.This work analyzes the role of a G.I. in an urban environment, with the aim of quantifying Ecosystem Services (E.S.) provided by vegetation: through usage of i-Tree, specific software suite for E.S. quantification, the sustainability offered by &#8220;Le Vallere&#8221; park, a 34-hectares greenspace spread between municipalities of Turin and Moncalieri (Italy), was analyzed, in collaboration with the related management institution (Ente di gestione delle Aree Protette del Po torinese). The study, carried out using two specific tools (i-Tree Eco and i-Tree Hydro), focuses on different aspects: carbon sequestration and storage, atmospheric pollutants reduction, avoided water runoff and water quality improvement are just some of the environmental benefits generated by tree population. Tools enable to carry out the analysis also from an economic point of view, evaluating monetary benefits brought by the green infrastructure both at present day and in the future, &#160;taking into account climate change effects through projections based on the regional climatic model COSMO-CLM (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios).The work led to deepen potential held by the greenspace, helping the cooperating management institution &#160;to plan future territorial agenda and to find innovative approaches for an integrated and sustainable hazard control.

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