scholarly journals New Evidence of the Bangestan Geoheritage Resource in Iran: Beyond Hydrocarbon Reserves

Resources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana K. Molchanova ◽  
Dmitry A. Ruban
Keyword(s):  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Geological Heritage ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Mutual Benefit ◽  
Zagros Mountains ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Hydrocarbon Reserves

Iran boasts internationally important deposits of hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbons can be regarded not only as an exceptional energy resource, but also a geological heritage (geoheritage) resource. A new investigation of the Bangestan carbonate rocks from the Cretaceous age in the Fars Province has permitted to find several unique features and to assign these to six geoheritage types, namely sedimentary, palaeontological, stratigraphical, palaeogeographical, structural, and economic. The most important from these is the economic type that is ranked nationally. The Bangestan geoheritage is valuable for geoscience research, geoeducation, and geotourism, and this geoheritage is a subject of geoconservation. As these activities can bring some socio-economic benefits, this geoheritage has to be considered a true natural resource. Field studies have permitted to emphasize its appropriate manifestation in the Nowdan anticline (an area in the Zagros Mountains near the cities of Shiraz and Kazeroon), which is suggested as a geosite. Hydrocarbon-related industrial tourism and geotourism activities can be coupled for their mutual benefit. The Nowdan anticline geosite should be used for the purposes of tourism, but it requires some simple infrastructure building and involvement in excursion programs coordinated by a local museum or visitor centre.

scholarly journals Khorbas: a Lower Palaeolithic site on Qeshm Island in the Persian Gulf

Antiquity ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 91 (358) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirvan Mohammadi Ghasrian
Keyword(s):  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Potential Importance ◽  
Zagros Mountains ◽  
The West ◽  
Qeshm Island ◽  
Late Pliocene ◽  
The Persian Gulf ◽  
Lower Palaeolithic

Despite the potential importance of southern Iran, and the Persian Gulf area in particular, for discussions on the dispersal of early hominins from Africa into Eurasia during the late Pliocene and early Pleistocene (Bar-Yosef & Belfer-Cohen 2001; Rose 2010), this area has remained almost unexplored until recently. Historically, Palaeolithic survey and excavations in Iran have mainly concentrated in western regions, especially the Zagros Mountains. As a result of recent studies, however, evidence for Palaeolithic sites in the southern regions of Iran, from Fars province to Qeshm Island, has greatly increased (Dashtizade 2009, 2010). Even with this improvement, no sites of Lower Palaeolithic date have yet been reported from the southern coastal areas on one of the proposed early hominin routes into Eurasia. As a result, it has been suggested that the few Lower Palaeolithic sites reported from other parts of Iran, especially in the west (e.g. Biglari & Shidrang 2006), were not populated from the south.

scholarly journals The Impact of Bt Corn on Aflatoxin-Related Insurance Claims in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jina Yu ◽  
David A. Hennessy ◽  
Felicia Wu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Bt Corn ◽  
Insurance Claims ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Previous field studies have reached no collective consensus on whether Bt corn, one of the most commonly planted transgenic crops worldwide, has significantly lower aflatoxin levels than non-Bt isolines. Aflatoxin, a mycotoxin contaminating corn and other commodities, causes liver cancer in humans and can pose severe economic losses to farmers. We found that from 2001–2016, a significant inverse correlation existed between Bt corn planting and aflatoxin-related insurance claims in the United States, when controlling for temperature and drought. Estimated benefits of aflatoxin reduction resulting from Bt corn planting are about $120 million to $167 million per year over 16 states on average. These results suggest that Bt corn use is an important strategy in reducing aflatoxin risk, with corresponding economic benefits. If the same principles hold true in other world regions, then Bt corn hybrids adapted to diverse agronomic regions may have a role in reducing aflatoxin in areas prone to high aflatoxin contamination, and where corn is a dietary staple.

New evidence of highly-complex geological heritage in Iran: Miocene sections in the Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt

GeoResJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 96-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahereh Habibi ◽  
Nadezhda V. Golubova ◽  
Dmitry A. Ruban
Keyword(s):  
Geological Heritage ◽  
Thrust Belt ◽  
New Evidence

Geochemical significance and Formation of Suçatı Pb-Zn Deposits – Eastern Taurides

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Erdem Bakkalbasi ◽  
Hatice Nur Bayram ◽  
Mustafa Kumral ◽  
Ali Tugcan Unluer
Keyword(s):  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Hydrothermal Activity ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Lower Permian ◽  
Ore Minerals ◽  
Geochemical Significance ◽  
Mvt Deposits ◽  
Marine Platform

<p><strong>Geochemical significance and Formation of  Suçatı Pb-Zn Deposits – Eastern Taurides</strong></p><p>Hatice Nur Bayram<sup>(1)*</sup>, Ali Erdem Bakkalbaşı <sup>(1)*</sup>, Mustafa Kumral<sup>(1)</sup>, Ali Tuğcan Ünlüer<sup>(1)</sup></p><p><sup>(1)</sup>Istanbul Technical University, Department of Geological Engineering, Istanbul/Turkey</p><p>(*E-mail: [email protected])</p><p> </p><p>The Middle Tauride Orogenic Belt is a productive enviroment in terms of Pb-Zn ore deposits, mostly associated with Permian aged dolomitized, shallow marine platform type carbonate rocks. There have been many studies on the origin of the ore deposits in the region, there are two important approaches that stand out for the formation of the ore deposits: the first theory is hydrothermal deposits with magmatic origin, and the other theory is Missisippi Valley-type (MVT) deposits related with the carbonate rocks commonly found in the region. Field studies at the Suçatı (Kayseri – Yahyalı, Central Anatolia, Turkey, East of Aladağlar extension of the Taurides) ore district in the Aladağ geologic unit indicate that the deposits in the region are associated with Paleo-Tethys limestones, fossiliferous limestones and dolomitic limestones. Mineralization is related to Lower Permian aged carbonate rocks include primary mineralization ore minerals as galena, sphalerite, smithsonite and goethite and as a product of hydrothermal activity, calcite mineral filled within fractures and cracks represents gangue minerals. As a result of geochemical analysis of the samples collected from the ore zones, PbO values range between 25.93% - 0.012%, ZnO values range between 51.01% - 0.042%, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> values range between 42.81% - 10.21%. In conclusion hydrothermal activities closely related with compressional and extentional tectonic regimes took place in multiphase mineralization.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Pb-Zn Deposits, MVT, Taurides, Yahyalı</p>

Farmers' attitude towards wastewater use in Fars Province, Iran

Water Policy ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Sheidaei ◽  
Ezatollah Karami ◽  
Marzieh Keshavarz
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Value Orientation ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Wastewater Use

Application of wastewater for irrigation is one of the useful approaches to alleviate the shortage of freshwater resources. Although successful implementation of wastewater-use projects depends upon the support of farmers who are affected by the project, few studies have addressed the farmers' attitude towards wastewater use and little is known about Iranian farmers' perception. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate farmers' attitude towards wastewater use. It was also intended to detect drivers of perceived economic benefits, and health and environmental risks of wastewater use. A survey of 108 farmers of Shiraz County, selected through a simple random sampling method, identified a number of significant knowledge gaps that currently exist among wastewater users. Furthermore, farmers articulated opposing attitudes for irrigating with wastewater. While farmers realized the contribution of wastewater to fertilize the soil and its reliability as a water resource, they were concerned about its negative impacts on health and environment. Regression analysis illustrated that a complex set of factors significantly influenced perceived risks of wastewater use, among which knowledge, closeness to wastewater canal and value orientation are the most determinant factors. Some recommendations are offered to promote farmers' awareness and attitude about wastewater and reduce its negative impacts.

AGRONOMIC AND FINANCIAL BENEFITS OF PHOSPHORUS AND NITROGEN SOURCES IN WESTERN KENYA

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
BASHIR JAMA ◽  
ABEDNEGO KIWIA
Keyword(s):  
Farming Systems ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Smallholder Farming ◽  
N Sources ◽  
Financial Benefits ◽  
P Application ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
P Sources

SUMMARYA better understanding of the agronomic and economic benefits of integrating organic and inorganic fertilizers is essential for their wide-scale dissemination and adoption in smallholder farming systems in developing countries. Field studies were conducted for 10 cropping seasons (1996–2000) on a Kandiudalfic Eutrudox soil to compare the effects of Minjingu phosphate rock (MPR) and triple superphosphate (TSP) on the yield of maize (Zea mays), in combination with three nitrogen (N) sources: urea, Tithonia diversifolia and Sesbania sesban leafy biomass. Urea and tithonia were applied to provide 60 kg N ha−1. Phosphorus (P) from either MPR or TSP was added either once at 250 kg P ha−1 at the beginning of the experiment or annually at 50 kg P ha−1 for five years, the two rates representing two P recapitalization strategies. From the second year, potassium (K) was added to half of each plot to correct for the deficiency that emerged. Over the 10 cropping seasons, the agronomic and economic benefits of the two P recapitalization strategies were similar and were not influenced by the P sources used. With N and K application, both P sources resulted in at least a two-fold maize grain yield increase over the control with no P application that averaged 1.1 tons ha−1. Comparing the N sources, although urea and tithonia had similar net benefits when P was applied, the total cost associated with tithonia was considerably higher. Without P application, sesbania fallow was the most financially attractive option. Sesbania fallows as an N source were also least sensitive to increases in the price of fertilizers and the cost of labour although the financial benefits of this system remained low in the absence of P and K application.

An Integrated Approach for Sustainable Environmental and Socio-Economic Development Using Offshore Infrastructure

2016 ◽  
pp. 44-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phoebe Koundouri ◽  
Amerissa Giannouli ◽  
Ioannis Souliotis
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Participatory Approach ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Offshore Platforms ◽  
Ocean Energy ◽  
Economic Framework ◽  
Public Acceptability ◽  
Socio Economic Development

Seas and oceans offer a vast renewable energy resource and production possibilities with great potential for innovation and growth. Multi-purpose offshore platforms are ocean energy and aquaculture synergies developed in order to achieve efficient use of marine space. Regarding the construction and operation of such infrastructures, environmental and socio-economic benefits should be taken into account. This chapter uses the Ecosystem Services approach and the total economic framework for evaluating different designs of multi-purpose offshore platforms and a participatory approach to ensure their public acceptability.

DIFFUSE TERMITINAE NESTS SHED LIGHT ON THE AFFINITIES OF LAETOLICHNUS KWEKAI (KRAUSICHNIDAE)

Palaios ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 122-127
Author(s):  
LILIANA F. CANTIL ◽  
JORGE F. GENISE ◽  
JUAN L. FARINA ◽  
SEBASTIÁN LUPO ◽  
DARÍO PORRINI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Coastal Dunes ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Buenos Aires Province ◽  
South American ◽  
First Time ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Semiarid Shrublands ◽  
Shed Light

ABSTRACT The insect trace fossil Laetolichnus kwekai, which is composed of a small chamber extending to slender cylinders at each end, was tentatively included in the ichnofamily Krausichnidae as termite nests. New evidence presented here provides information to validate these inferences. A more complex structure formed by interconnected Laetolichnus was recently found in the same Pliocene deposits (Laetoli, Tanzania) as the isolated specimens reported previously. Our study confirms inclusion of Laetolichnus in Krausichnidae and supports the inference that it represents a nest of a social insect. Neoichnological field studies in the coastal dunes of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, were undertaken to refine further the nature of these affinities. Survey of the dune surface revealed abundant loose fragments of termite nests of a size and shape comparable to that of L. kwekai. The fragile nests constructed by Onkotermes brevicorniger, which are described here in detail for the first time, enable us to interpret the fossil structures. They consist of connected chambers similar to the interconnected Laetolichnus. These were frequently exposed and broken by wind action resulting in loose fragments similar to the isolated Laetolichnus. The Celliforma ichnofacies represented at Laetoli, which contains L. kwekai, indicates arid or semiarid shrublands and woodlands. The distribution of O. brevicorniger also corresponds to arid and semiarid shrublands and dry woodlands of Argentina. Although the African termite producer of L. kwekai and the South American Onkotermes would be phylogenetically unrelated, the analogous structures probably reflect convergent nesting behaviors as an adaptation to similar arid to semiarid environmental conditions.

Wireworm (Coleoptera: Elateridae) Effects on Sugarcane Emergence after Short-Duration Flood Applied at Planting

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Glaz ◽  
Ron Cherry
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Response ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Organophosphate Insecticide ◽  
Insecticide Treatment ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Saccharum Spp ◽  
Bud Emergence ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Plastic Containers

The purpose of this study was to analyze sugarcane, interspecific hybrids of Saccharum spp., emergence under severe wireworm, Melanotus communis Gyllenhal, pressure after floods of 7, 14, and 21 d applied at planting, as well as following a conventional application of an organophosphate insecticide at planting without flooding. In three experiments, wireworms were applied at the rate of 13 larvae per m of row in plastic containers filled with Pahokee muck soil. In the first experiment, sugarcane bud emergence percentages under the flood treatments were lower than under the insecticide treatment, probably due to lower than normal air and soil temperatures. Emergence percentages in the 14- and 21-d flood treatments and the insecticide treatment were similar in the final two experiments, except that the 14-d flood resulted in greater emergence than the insecticide treatment in the second experiment. Reductions in plant weight were associated with some flood treatments. Previous work reported that wireworms damaged growing plants in containers, but damage was primarily limited to reduced emergence in field studies. This study identified short-term flooding in sugarcane as a potential measure to control wireworm damage with environmental and economic benefits. Temperature-response and field studies are needed to verify results.

Fold evolution and drainage development in the Zagros mountains of Fars province, SE Iran

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy A. Ramsey ◽  
Richard T. Walker ◽  
James Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Fars Province ◽  
Zagros Mountains ◽  
Drainage Development
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