scholarly journals Rural Drinking Water Safety under Climate Change: The Importance of Addressing Physical, Social, and Environmental Dimensions

Resources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Jeremy Kohlitz ◽  
Joanne Chong ◽  
Juliet Willetts
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Water Access ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Case Study Methodology ◽  
Drinking Water Safety ◽  
Causal Pathways ◽  
Infrastructure Design

This paper explores the physical, social, and environmental dimensions of how climate change impacts affect drinking water safety in a rural context in developing countries. Climate impacts, such as contamination or the reduced availability of preferred drinking water sources due to climate-related hazards, threaten water safety in rural areas and these impacts will likely worsen as climate change accelerates. We qualitatively examined these impacts in a community in rural Vanuatu using three approaches side-by-side: adaptation, vulnerability, and resilience. We employed a mixed methods case study methodology that combined semi-structured interviews, technological and environmental surveys, and observations. We demonstrate the influence of physical infrastructure design, social structures mediating water access, and the availability of multiple sustainable water resources on water safety with respect to climate impacts. We also show how the initial problematization of how climate affects water safety can influence subsequent actions to address, or overlook, issues of infrastructure design and maintenance, social equity, and natural resource management for water access. Improvements to rural drinking water safety management in the context of climate change should take a pluralistic approach, informed by different conceptualizations of climate impacts, to account for the varied causal pathways of reduced water safety for different members of a community.

Study of Rural Drinking Water Safety Engineering Management

2014 ◽  
Vol 484-485 ◽  
pp. 558-561
Author(s):  
Wei Li
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Engineering Management ◽  
Safety Engineering ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Water Project ◽  
Drinking Water Safety

In recent years, all levels of government take solving the problem of safe drinking water in rural areas as a major initiative to ensure peoples livelihood. In the process of construction and management of rural safe drinking water project, government, enterprises and users are playing their own roles. The article proposes solutions to the problems that exist in the rural drinking water safety projects, by analyzing the roles of government, enterprises and users, in the management of rural safe drinking water project. It has certain referential significance to the construction and management of rural safe drinking water project.

Long Chile drought raises profile of climate impacts

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Energy Matrix ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Irrigation Projects ◽  
The Future ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Subject Drought and agriculture. Significance In the last three months, emergency decrees prompted by lack of water have been issued in more than one-third of the country’s 16 regions as a result of the ten-year drought, which has worsened in 2019. The emergency decrees are focused on ensuring access to drinking water for people in rural areas, providing fodder and water for livestock, and implementing irrigation projects for small and medium-sized farms. Impacts Hydropower represents about 30% of Chile’s energy matrix but there is sufficient backup from other sources to avoid outages. The drought has raised public awareness on the future impacts of climate change on Chile. A warmer and drier future may lead to migration to the country’s south in the longer term.

scholarly journals Problems and countermeasures of drinking water safety provision in rural areas of the Yellow River Basin

资源科学 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
Xing YUAN ◽  
Chang KONG ◽  
Li WANG ◽  
Binggan WEI ◽  
Hairong LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Yellow River Basin ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Drinking Water Safety ◽  
The Yellow River Basin

Analysis of Problems of Unsafe Drinking Water in Rural Areas in China

2011 ◽  
Vol 94-96 ◽  
pp. 706-709
Author(s):  
Zhen Hua Liu
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Industrial Solid Waste ◽  
Drinking Water Safety

In the process of solving rural drinking water safety,there are some problems need to attach great importance. Evaluation index system of rural drinking water safety includes water quality, quantity, convenience, and dependability. Figure 1 shows that Polluted water is the main reason of unsafe drinking water quality, 40.9% of unsafe drinking water quality, 28.8% of unsafe drinking water. Figure 2 shows that basically the discharge of waste water each year from 1998 to 2009 is increasing, the total discharge of waste water across China from 1997 to 2009 reached to 621.945 billion t. Table 2 shows that national industrial solid waste generation and utilization is increasing,but discharge decreasing, industrial solid waste, directly or indirectly polluted water environment, especially rural drinking water sources. The paper draws a conclusion that there are some problems of rural drinking water such as rural unsafe drinking water quality, lack of laws and regulations and effective management, serious rural water pollution.

scholarly journals Drinking Water Safety in Rural Areas of Zagreb County in 2013

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marijan Benić ◽  
Bogoljub Antonić ◽  
Branislav Mihajlović
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Drinking Water Safety ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The paper analyzes the water supply in the rural part of Zagreb County, which is based mainly on individual water supply sources, i.e. dug or drilled wells and Norton pumps.The aim of the paper is to investigate whether there is a difference in health quality of drinking water taken from the wells and taken from the Norton pumps. The wells are supplied from an aquifer that lies at a depth of 12 to 14 meters, while the Norton pumps reach a depth of 6 and 7 meters.The analysis of water samples taken from the water supply sources revealed that the water does not basically comply with the Ordinance on the parameters of assessment and the methods for the analysis of water intended for human consumption, the Act on Water Intended for Human Consumption. Organoleptic indicators such as color and clarity do not satisfy, while the physical and chemical parameters such as pH and conductivity satisfy the criteria set for both water supply sources. Of all the chemical parameters only the chloride content was within the permitted limits, while the oxidativity, the content of ammonium, nitrite and nitrate were above the allowed limits in water samples taken from the wells and Norton pumps. Microbiological indicators in the analyzed samples, i.e. the number of colonies at 37 ° C and 22 ° C, as well as total coliforms also do not satisfy the requirements of the Ordinance. In order to use the water for drinking it is necessary to perform the conditioning and disinfection of wells, while with the Norton pumps these interventions are almost impossible to perform.

Study on Mechanism Design of Rural Drinking Water Safety Engineering Project Financing Guarantee

2013 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 674-681
Author(s):  
Wei Li
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Mechanism Design ◽  
Safety Engineering ◽  
Project Financing ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Public Fund ◽  
Engineering Project ◽  
Drinking Water Safety ◽  
Project Construction ◽  
Set Up

As more and more non-public fund entering rural drinking water safety engineering project market; it becomes very necessary to built rural drinking water safety engineering project guarantee mechanism. This paper proposes three steps of mechanism design. Firstly, history data is used to fit multivariate linear equation set up describing relationship between bank loss and key risk factors. Secondly, guarantee fee is calculated through model regression, which is threefold of possible bank loss. Thirdly, guarantee fee is adjusted according to variety of key risk factor in the process of project construction and operating.

Implementation of Alberta's drinking water safety plans

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Reid ◽  
K. Abramowski ◽  
A. Beier ◽  
A. Janzen ◽  
D. Lok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Effective Action ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Drinking Water Safety ◽  
Regulatory Approach ◽  
Water Safety Plans ◽  
Safety Of Drinking Water

Traditionally, the regulatory approach to maintaining the quality and safety of drinking water has largely been a prescriptive one based on the ability of any given supply to meet standards set for a number of different chemical and biological parameters. There are a number of issues around the assumptions and the limitations of a sampling and analysis regime. The basis for such regimes is essentially reactive rather than proactive and, consequently, the cause of the concern may already have impacted consumers before any effective action can be taken. Environment and Sustainable Resource Development has developed a template for recording drinking water safety plans together with guidance notes to help complete them. The template has been developed in MS-Excel and has been designed in a straightforward step-wise manner with guidance on the completion of each sheet. It includes four main risk tables covering each main element of water supply which are pre-populated with commonly found ‘generic’ risks and these are carefully assessed before considering what action is required to deal with significant risks. Following completion of the risk tables, key risks are identified and the interventions required to bring them into control.

A fatal waterborne disease epidemic in Walkerton, Ontario: comparison with other waterborne outbreaks in the developed world

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.E. Hrudey ◽  
P. Payment ◽  
P.M. Huck ◽  
R.W. Gillham ◽  
E.J. Hrudey
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Reference Source ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Drinking Water Safety ◽  
Public Inquiry ◽  
Contaminated Drinking Water ◽  
The Government ◽  
Safety Of Drinking Water ◽  
Developed World

An estimated 2,300 people became seriously ill and seven died from exposure to microbially contaminated drinking water in the town of Walkerton, Ontario, Canada in May 2000. The severity of this drinking water disaster resulted in the Government of Ontario calling a public inquiry by Mr. Justice Dennis O’Connor to address the cause of the outbreak, the role (if any) of government policies in contributing to this outbreak and, ultimately, the implications of this experience on the safety of drinking water across the Province of Ontario. The circumstances surrounding the Walkerton tragedy are an important reference source for those concerned with providing safe drinking water. Although some circumstances are obviously specific to this epidemic, others are uncomfortably reminiscent of waterborne outbreaks that have occurred elsewhere. These recurring themes suggested the need for attention to broad issues of drinking water security and they present the challenge for how drinking water safety can be managed to prevent such tragedies in the future.

Rapid drinking water safety estimation in cities: Piloting a globally scalable method in Cochabamba, Bolivia

2019 ◽  
Vol 654 ◽  
pp. 1132-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Rocha-Melogno ◽  
Rebecca Yoo ◽  
Osvaldo Broesicke ◽  
Achilles Kallergis ◽  
José Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Drinking Water Safety ◽  
Safety Estimation
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