scholarly journals Elaborating Hungarian Segment of the Global Map of Salt-Affected Soils (GSSmap): National Contribution to an International Initiative

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4073
Author(s):  
Gábor Szatmári ◽  
Zsófia Bakacsi ◽  
Annamária Laborczi ◽  
Ottó Petrik ◽  
Róbert Pataki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Modelling ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Geostatistical Techniques ◽  
Salt Affected Soils ◽  
Mapping Techniques ◽  
Information Image ◽  
Sas Maps ◽  
Geomorphometric Parameters ◽  
Sentinel 2

Recently, the Global Map of Salt-affected Soils (GSSmap) was launched, which pursued a country-driven approach and aimed to update the global and country-level information on salt-affected soils (SAS). The aim of this paper was to present how Hungary contributed to GSSmap by preparing its own SAS maps using advanced digital soil mapping techniques. We used not just a combination of random forest and multivariate geostatistical techniques for predicting the spatial distribution of SAS indicators (i.e., pH, electrical conductivity and exchangeable sodium percentage) for the topsoil (0–30 cm) and subsoil (30–100 cm), but also a number of indices derived from Sentinel-2 satellite images as environmental covariates. The importance plots of random forests showed that in addition to climatic, geomorphometric parameters and legacy soil information, image indices were the most important covariates. The performance of spatial modelling was checked by 10-fold cross validation showing that the accuracy of the SAS maps was acceptable. By this study and by the resulting maps of it, we not just contributed to GSSmap, but also renewed the SAS mapping methodology in Hungary, where we paid special attention to modelling and quantifying the prediction uncertainty that had not been quantified or even taken into consideration earlier.

Elaborating Hungarian segment of the Global Map of Salt-Affected Soils (GSSmap)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Szatmári ◽  
Zsófia Bakacsi ◽  
Annamária Laborczi ◽  
Ottó Petrik ◽  
Róbert Pataki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hungarian Academy ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Spatial Modelling ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Global Soil ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Salt Affected Soils ◽  
Information Image ◽  
Sas Maps ◽  
International Initiative

<p>Recently, FAO and Global Soil Partnership (GSP) launched the Global Map of Salt-affected Soils (GSSmap) international initiative, which pursued a country-driven approach and aimed to update the global and country-level information on salt-affected soils (SAS). The objective of our study is to present how Hungary contributed to this international initiative by preparing its own SAS maps according to the GSSmap specifications. For this purpose, we used not just a combination of advanced machine learning and multivariate geostatistical techniques for predicting the spatial distribution of the selected SAS indicators (i.e., pH, electrical conductivity and exchangeable sodium percentage) for the topsoil (0–30 cm) and for the subsoil (30–100 cm), but also a number of image indices exploiting a huge amount of relevant information contained in Sentinel-2 satellite images. The importance plots of random forests showed that in addition to climatic, geomorphometric parameters and legacy soil information, image indices were the most important covariates. The performance of spatial modelling of SAS indicators was checked by 10-fold cross validation showing that the accuracy of the SAS maps was acceptable. By this study and by the resulting maps of it, we not just contributed to GSSmap, but also renewed the SAS mapping methodology in Hungary, where we paid special attention to modelling and quantifying the prediction uncertainty that had not been quantified or even taken into consideration earlier.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Acknowledgment:</strong> Our research was supported by the Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office (NKFIH; K-131820 and K-124290) and by the Premium Postdoctoral Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (PREMIUM-2019-390) (Gábor Szatmári).</p>

scholarly journals Index of information and communication technology use in labour administration: its need, its pertinence and its potential use

2018 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-260
Author(s):  
Anna M. Galazka ◽  
Malcolm J. Beynon ◽  
Tim Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Information And Communication Technology ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Employment Services ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Geographical Variations ◽  
Labour Dispute ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Information And Communication

This article examines the variation in the level of use of information and communication technologies by national bodies of labour administrations across 81 different countries. Extending empirical research on the state of information and communication technology use, it introduces a prototype index of country-level information and communication technology use. The index allows for the exposition of the contributions of sub-dimensions of information and communication technology use, including labour inspection, public employment services and labour dispute prevention and settlement. Graphical evidence showing sub-index and final index formulations for individual countries is given, along with graphical evidence of the country-level ranking and geographical variations of information and communication technology use (including the sub-dimensions of this use). The future potential of the prescribed approach is demonstrated by offering possible explanations behind the results on a sample of countries.

scholarly journals Political Institutions and Street Protests in Latin America

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Machado ◽  
Carlos Scartascini ◽  
Mariano Tommasi
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Political Process ◽  
The Political ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Latin American Countries

In this article, the authors argue that where institutions are strong, actors are more likely to participate in the political process through institutionalized arenas, while where they are weak, protests and other unconventional means of participation become more appealing. The authors explore this relationship empirically by combining country-level measures of institutional strength with individual-level information on protest participation in seventeen Latin American countries. The authors find evidence that weaker political institutions are associated with a higher propensity to use alternative means for expressing preferences, that is, to protest.

scholarly journals The use of Sentinel-2 MSI data in small island's nearshore benthic habitat mapping

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Afif Fauzan
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Management ◽  
Satellite Remote Sensing ◽  
Reference Data ◽  
Habitat Mapping ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Benthic Habitat ◽  
Marine Habitat ◽  
Mapping Techniques ◽  
Management And Conservation ◽  
Sentinel 2

Maps of nearshore marine habitat are vital for coastal management and conservation. While traditional field mapping techniques are still commonly used, airborne and satellite remote sensing have proven to be efficient alternatives for creating benthic habitat maps. This paper evaluates the capability of new satellite data, Sentinel-2 MSI, to map nearshore benthic habitat of Derawan Island. Available aerial photographs were used as reference data. The results show that Sentinel-2 MSI data can be used to map benthic habitat with accuracy up to 75%.

scholarly journals The proposal of biotic hazard zones in selected spruce dominated regions in Slovakia

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 236-242
Author(s):  
T. Hlásny ◽  
L. Kulla ◽  
I. Barka ◽  
M. Turčáni ◽  
Z. Sitková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Spatial Modelling ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Geostatistical Techniques ◽  
Elevated Activity ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Spreading Potential

 Biotic agents driven spruce decline has been observed over several regions in Europe. We studied the spatial pattern of spruce stands mortality due to biotic agents in three spruce dominated regions in Slovakia – the Kysuce, Orava and Low Tatras regions. Regularly reported data on sanitary felling were used for the analysis. Geostatistical techniques and other spatial modelling tools were used to design the zones of biotic hazard for each region. Zone A stands for the totally disintegrated stands with extremely elevated activity of biotic agents. Zone B represents the buffer zone around the zone A. Its width depends on the spreading potential of biotic agents and related stand mortality observed during the last years. Zone C stands for the background areas, with more or less healthy stands. Zone-specific forest protection measures are proposed. Such a system allows for the priority rating of unnatural spruce stand conversion and optimal allocation of forest protection measures.

Overreaction or Underreaction to Intra-Industry Earnings Information Transfer: A Cross-Country Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.S. Agnes Cheng ◽  
Jing Fang ◽  
Yuan Huang ◽  
Yuxiang Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Information Transfer ◽  
Information Environment ◽  
Earnings Information ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Level Information ◽  
International Setting ◽  
Country Analysis ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Information Transfers ◽  
Industry Peers

We apply the moderated confidence hypothesis (MCH) to investigate overreaction and underreaction in intra-industry earnings information transfers in an international setting. MCH predicts that late announcing firms’ investors overreact (underreact) to early announcing industry peers’ earnings news when early announcing peers’ earnings news is imprecise (precise) signals of late announcing firms’ earnings. Consistent with early announcing peers’ earnings news being imprecise signals of late announcing firms’ earnings in an international setting, we find that late announcing firms’ investors overreact to early announcing peers’ earnings news. The country-level information environment and culture shape the precision of peers’ earnings as signals of each other’s earnings and investor behaviors. Consistent with MCH, we find that late announcing firms’ investors are more likely to underreact in countries with a richer information environment, are more likely to overreact in countries with higher individualism and are less likely to overreact in countries with higher uncertainty avoidance.

scholarly journals Regulatory Environment and Firm Performance in EU Telecommunications Services

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Montolio ◽  
Francesc Trillas ◽  
Elisa Trujillo-Baute
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Market Share ◽  
Multinational Firms ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Telecommunications Services ◽  
Broadband Market ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Better Than

AbstractWe empirically estimate the effects of regulated access prices and firms’ multinational status on firm performance by using firm, corporate group, and country level information for the European broadband market between 2002 and 2010. Three measures of firm performance are used, namely: market share, revenue and productivity. Special attention is paid to differences in the impact on the performance measures depending on a firm’s position as either a market incumbent or entrant. We find that while access prices have a negative effect on entrants’ market share and revenue, the effect on incumbents’ market share, revenue and productivity is positive. Further, we find that multinational entrants perform better than national entrants in terms of their market share but worse in terms of their revenue and productivity. The opposite is true of incumbent multinationals which perform better than nationals in terms of their revenue and productivity but worse in terms of their market share. This confirms that a firm’s multinational status has a significant impact on its performance, and that this impact differs for incumbents and entrants. Finally, when evaluating the impact of access prices on firm performance at the mean performance of national and multinational firms, we find that the impact of access prices is lower for multinational than for national firms.

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