scholarly journals The proposal of biotic hazard zones in selected spruce dominated regions in Slovakia

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 236-242
Author(s):  
T. Hlásny ◽  
L. Kulla ◽  
I. Barka ◽  
M. Turčáni ◽  
Z. Sitková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Spatial Modelling ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Geostatistical Techniques ◽  
Elevated Activity ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Spreading Potential

 Biotic agents driven spruce decline has been observed over several regions in Europe. We studied the spatial pattern of spruce stands mortality due to biotic agents in three spruce dominated regions in Slovakia – the Kysuce, Orava and Low Tatras regions. Regularly reported data on sanitary felling were used for the analysis. Geostatistical techniques and other spatial modelling tools were used to design the zones of biotic hazard for each region. Zone A stands for the totally disintegrated stands with extremely elevated activity of biotic agents. Zone B represents the buffer zone around the zone A. Its width depends on the spreading potential of biotic agents and related stand mortality observed during the last years. Zone C stands for the background areas, with more or less healthy stands. Zone-specific forest protection measures are proposed. Such a system allows for the priority rating of unnatural spruce stand conversion and optimal allocation of forest protection measures.

scholarly journals Impact of selected stand characteristics on the occurrence of the bark beetle Ips typographus (L.) in the Beskid Żywiecki Mountains

2014 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Grodzki ◽  
Jerzy R. Starzyk ◽  
Mieczysław Kosibowicz
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Infestation Intensity ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Spruce Mortality ◽  
Stand Characteristics

Abstract Recently, Norway spruce stands in Beskid Żywiecki (Western Carpathians) have been plagued by bark beetle outbreak affecting an extensive area over a large range of altitudes. Georeferenced data (2356 records) from 2009-2011 of the volume of felled spruces showing insect infestation in forest sub-compartments were analysed with respect to selected site and stand characteristics. The infestation intensity varied between individual parts of the examined area. Spruce mortality, recorded evenly across all slope expositions, was higher in the zones 800 m - 1000 m and above 1000 m than in the zone below 800 m. The infestation intensity increased slightly with spruce representation in the stands and was higher in stands older than 80 years. There was no clear correlation between spruce mortality and site quality. However, in areas with more diverse and fertile sites mortality was lower. In overall, the results obtained in this study are in line with previous knowledge on the subject, but patterns describing bark beetle preferences in infested areas appear to be less pronounced than those found in earlier publications. Risk assessment and current planning of forest protection measures in stands affected by bark beetle outbreaks should be based on the here described characteristics of spruce susceptibility to insect infection.

scholarly journals An Assessment and Spatial Modelling of Agricultural Land Abandonment in Spain (2015–2030)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Perpiña Castillo ◽  
Eloína Coll Aliaga ◽  
Carlo Lavalle ◽  
José Carlos Martínez Llario
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Spatial Modelling ◽  
Land Abandonment ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
High Nature Value Farmland

This article presents a study based on the outputs from the LUISA Territorial modelling platform (Joint Research Centre of the European Commission) focused on regional and local future projections of land abandonment between 2015 and 2030. Spain is taken as representative of one of the countries highly affected by agricultural land abandonment in the European Union. The most relevant factors driving land abandonment (biophysical, agroeconomics, farm structure and demographic) are described and mapped. Results from the analysis reveal that the Galicia region, northern Spain (Asturias, Cantabria, Gipuzkoa, Bizkaia), north-eastern Spain (Aragón region), central Pyrenees/Ebro basin (Huesca, Navarra, Lleida) and south-eastern Spain (Murcia, Almería, Alicante, Málaga) are expected to undergo important abandonment processes. The study also concludes that land abandonment within mountainous, high nature value farmland and Natura 2000 areas is lower compared to the outside area without conservation and protection measures.

FAT tool: A decision support tool for disaster risk reduction in the Alpine Space

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Poratelli ◽  
Cristopher D'Amboise ◽  
Michael Neuhauser ◽  
Cristian Accastello ◽  
Filippo Brun
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Building Evacuation ◽  
Avoidance Measures ◽  
Snow Fences ◽  
Road Closure

<p>The last decades have seen a higher attention payed to natural hazards due to the increasing losses and economic damages caused by them. Researchers, practitioners and local administrations studied the best way to mitigate and prevent them, using both structural and non-structural  defense techniques. Even though there are now several possible solutions to be used, it is not always easy for decision makers to choose the best option from both a technical and an economical point of view.</p><p>With the FAT tool we aimed at providing a useful mean for practitioners to help them choose between various protection options. The FAT tool is an online platform where the user, inserting a limited number of input data (e.g. slope profile, slope width, forest cover), is provided with an easily understandable output, that being a comparison of the costs and the benefits generated by different protection solutions.</p><p>The tool is built on an empirical, profile-based hazard model and deals with avalanches, rockfall and shallow landslides. The outputs of the hazard models are used to dimension and calculate the costs and benefits of several protection options and the damages avoided by those. The possible solutions considered are: ecosystem based solutions (e.g. protection forest), technical measures (e.g. snow fences, catching dams, rockfall nets), avoidance measures (e.g. road closure, building evacuation) and a combination of these. The most innovative part of the tool is the importance given to the role of the forest, and generally to the Eco-DRR solutions, on the hazard track, where a forest protection effect indicator is calculated to assess the effectiveness of a stand in mitigating the risk on the chosen profile. The outputs of the FAT tool, consisting in the index and the economic values of different alternative protection measures, can help the user identify the areas where the forests have the highest mitigation effect and choose where to allocate forest management resources.</p>

scholarly journals Main trends in the dynamics of forest plantations in the buffer zone of the Novopolotsk Refinery Complex (based on the results of a 25-year research)

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-42
Author(s):  
I. P. Voznyachuk ◽  
A. A. Molozhavski ◽  
A. V. Sudnik ◽  
N. L. Voznyachuk
Keyword(s):  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Leeward Side ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Plant Groups ◽  
Structure Of Communities ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Ability To Regenerate ◽  
Spruce Stands

The unique results of the 25-year monitoring of forest vegetation of the buffer zone at the Novopolotsk Refinery Complex (NIRC) were summarized. The analysis of quantitative and qualitative changes in the buffer zone, which occurred during the period 1990–2015 years of operation of NRC’s enterprises, is given. Detailed analysis of vegetation organization has shown that the most transformed forest areas are directly adjacent to the enterprises from the leeward side. During the 25-year period of research, the area of primary forest fragments in the 500-meter zone of NRC impact has decreased by 2.6 times. Derivatives of small-leaved communities formed at the place of dead coniferous stands immediately after the commissioning of the plants are presented here. The technogenic press reduction in the 1990s resulted in the active demutation transformations of vegetation. Recently, there has also been a dominance of restoration processes, but the change of the main pine and spruce stands to derivatives continues, which is reflected in the prolonged decomposition of fragments of previously disturbed stands. The direction and rates of change of some plant groups by others depend on the initial state of plants, species and age structure of communities, conditions of their growth and environmental factors. In general, it is noted that forest ecosystems of the region have retained the ability to regenerate the composition and structure.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF THE FOREST COMPLEX IN THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE REPUBLIC OF MARIY EL)

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 208-219
Author(s):  
Татьяна Мочаева ◽  
Tat'yana Mochaeva ◽  
Алексей Шургин ◽  
Aleksey Shurgin ◽  
Андрей Туев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Growing Conditions

The strategic goal of the development of the Russian forest complex is to significantly increase its contribution to the national economy by creating an economically sustainable, private and globally competitive group of industries. For this, the products of forest sector of Russia should enjoy equal demand both on domestic and foreign markets. The basic branch of forest complex is forestry, which provides protection, reproduction of forests, regulation of forest man-agement and control over the use of forest resources. The Republic of Mariy El is not distinguished by the presence of a large number of industrially significant natural resources. The main natural wealth of the region is forest, which covers more than 50% of its territory. The forest-growing conditions of the Republic of Mariy El in most of its territory are favorable for the growth of valuable coniferous species. Extensive exploitation of the republic's forests is a difficult period of the beginning and the middle of the 20th century, traditional ways of managing in the forest, aimed primarily at selecting the most valuable timber; insufficient financing of reforestation, forest protection measures; as well as cur-rent market situation of timber currently lead to negative changes in species and commodity structure of the country's forest resources. The locomotive of the growth of the forest complex of the Republic of Mariy El is JSC Mari Pulp and Paper Mill, which largely covers its need for wood raw materials by importing it from outside the region. Enterprises-tenants of forest areas carry out the harvesting of timber and subsequent sale of products with low added value, which reduces the contribution of forestry industries to the economy of the region. Forest recreation should be a strategic di-rection for the development of forest management in the Republic of Mariy El.

scholarly journals Organization of forest pathological Surveys in the new terms. Methodical practical work

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.Ф. Бродский
Keyword(s):  
Information Exchange ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Forest Code ◽  
Technological Tool ◽  
Harmful Organisms ◽  
Forest Diseases ◽  
Pathological Research

Последняя редакция Лесного кодекса Российской Федерации постулирует положение о том, что основной формой контроля за деятельностью вредных организмов теперь становится предупреждение распространения насекомых и болезней леса. Основным организационно-технологическим инструментом достижения этой цели является проведение лесозащитных мероприятий, необходимость которых в обязательном порядке закрепляется утвержденным актом лесопатологического обследования. Очевидно, что утверждению акта должна предшествовать процедура проверки достоверности информации, содержащейся в нем. Однако эта процедура в имеющихся нормативных документах не только не детализирована, но и нигде отдельно не прописана. В настоящей статье автором предлагаются методические рекомендации, которые позволят органу управления лесами сформулировать этапы процедуры по эффективному контролю за достоверностью сведений, содержащихся в акте лесопатологического обследования, и соответствие организации и проведения ЛПО новому законодательству. Также рассмотрены вопросы сбора информации о повреждении лесов, ее проверки и информационного обмена с системой государственного лесопатологического мониторинга. Определены основные направления совершенствования сбора информации о повреждении лесов, а именно: модернизация системы регистрации листков сигнализации, налаживание обратной связи с заявителем как в бумажном, так и в электронном виде, а также рассмотрен перечень видов повреждений, которые должны быть обязательно выявлены при проверке такой информации. Предложены три варианта схемы организации лесопатологических обследований, в которых определены механизмы взаимодействия всех участников работ по защите лесов. Приведены рекомендации по обеспечению соблюдения новых Порядка проведения лесопатологических обследований и Правил осуществления мероприятий по предупреждению распространения вредных организмов. Разработан алгоритм проверки актов лесопатологического обследования на соответствие требованиям указанных выше нормативов. The latest edition of the Forest Code of the Russian Federation postulates that the main form of control over pest activity is now the prevention of the spread of insects and forest diseases. The main organizational and technological tool for achieving this goal is the implementation of forest protection measures, the necessity of which is necessarily enshrined in the approved forest inspection certificate. Obviously, the approval of an act must be preceded by a procedure for verifying the authenticity of the information contained in it. However, this procedure in the existing regulatory documents is not only not detailed, but is not separately specified anywhere. In this article the author suggests methodological recommendations that will allow the forest management body to formulate the stages of the procedure for effective control over the reliability of the information contained in the forest pathological inspection certificate and the compliance of the organization and implementation of the LPO with new legislation. Also considered the problems of collecting information about damaged forests, its verification and information exchange with the system of state forest pathological monitoring. The main directions of improvement of the collection of information about damaged forests, namely: modernization of signalling form registration system , establishing back coupling with the applicant in both paper and electronic form, and also the list of types of damage that must be identified when checking this information. Offered three options scheme of the organization of forest pathological research, which determine the mechanisms of interaction of all participants of work on the protection of forests. Recommendations about ensuring compliance new a carrying out Order of forest pathological research and Rules of implementation of actions for warning of distribution of harmful organisms are provided. The algorithm of verification of acts of forest pathological research on compliance to requirements of the standards stated above is developed.

scholarly journals Die Forstschutz-Strategie im Kanton Bern nach Lothar | Forest protection strategy in the canton of Berne post-Lothar

2002 ◽  
Vol 153 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Lukas Meier
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Legal Requirements ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Protection Strategy

Hurricane Lothar left 4.2 million cubic metres of damaged wood in its wake when it passed over the canton of Berne on 26th December 1999. The forest protection strategy to deal with the consequences is based on legal requirements and experience gained from hurricane Vivian from 1999. The goal of the protection measures is to preserve as much as possible of the forest that the storm left standing. To begin with, extended damaged zones where the development and damage caused by the bark beetle could run its course in a more or less closed cycle were excluded from any measures. Next, it was decided to assign each remaining zone to one of two categories;either a zone needed to be examined more closely before deciding whether or not to impose protection measures(action zones) or to generally renounce treatment (free zones). In a third step each action zone was subjected to a discriminating examination. Forestry protection measures were prescribed for about 2 million cubic metres of storm wood. By applying this strategy, it was possible to set necessary priorities.

Hydrogeology of brook trout (Salvelinusfontinalis) spawning and incubation habitats: implications for forestry and land use development

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 767-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Allen Curry ◽  
Kevin J. Devito
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Nearshore Zone ◽  
Recharge Area ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Habitat Protection ◽  
Land Use Development

We demonstrated that nearshore spawning and incubation habitats of brook trout (Salvelinusfontinalis) are manifestations of lenses of coarse overburden materials underlying the nearshore zone. Lenses directed and accelerated groundwater flow into the habitats. They were <17 m wide, >1 m thick, and could be restricted to the nearshore zone or extend at least 20 m into the terrestrial catchment. Recharge areas necessary to sustain discharge in the habitats were estimated to encompass 3–10 ha, or 1–97%, of the associated terrestrial catchment. A 90-m buffer zone adjacent to the shoreline protected only 9–55% of the required recharge area. A hydrological approach to defining habitat protection measures is suggested.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal patterns of the Norway spruce decline in the Beskid Śląski and Żywiecki (Western Carpathians) in southern Poland

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 38-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Grodzki
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Forest Decline ◽  
Wind Damage ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Southern Poland ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Winter Time

A dramatic forest decline due to the bark beetle outbreak, which occurs in the Norway spruce stands in the Western Beskidy (southern Poland) since 2003, was started after severe physiological drought during winter time. An analysis describing some spatio-temporal characteristics of this process, with special regard to the patterns of bark beetle occurrence related to root fungal diseases, is presented. In 2003 the bark beetle occurrence level assessed as high and catastrophic was recorded on 40% of the area, while in 2006 – on 59%. The range of <I>Armillaria</I> root disease and bark beetle outbreak increased towards higher altitudes, including the zone above 1,000 m a.s.l. The wind damage in 2004 and 2007, and high temperatures in the summer 2006, further stimulated the increase in bark beetle populations level. Some conclusions on possible development of the outbreak and recommendations concerning related needs in forest protection, are given.

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