scholarly journals Land Use and Degradation in a Desert Margin: The Northern Negev

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2884
Author(s):  
Stephen Prince ◽  
Uriel Safriel
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Pine Plantation ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Entire Study Area ◽  
Degree Of Degradation ◽  
Lower Production

Degradation in a range of land uses was examined across the transition from the arid to the semi-arid zone in the northern Negev desert, representative of developments in land use taking place throughout the West Asia and North Africa region. Primary production was used as an index of an important aspect of dryland degradation. It was derived from data provided by Landsat measurements at 0.1 ha resolution over a 2500 km2 study region—the first assessment of the degradation of a large area of a desert margin at a resolution suitable for interpretation in terms of human activities. The Local NPP Scaling (LNS) method enabled comparisons between the observed NPP and the potential, nondegraded, reference NPP. The potential was calculated by normalizing the actual NPP to remove the effects of environmental conditions that are not related to anthropogenic degradation. Of the entire study area, about 50% was found to have a significantly lower production than its potential. The degree of degradation ranged from small in pasture, around informal settlements, minimally managed dryland cropping, and a pine plantation, to high in commercial cropping and extreme in low-density afforestation. This result was unexpected as degradation in drylands is often attributed to pastoralism, and afforestation is said to offer remediation and prevention of further damage.

scholarly journals Changes in Vegetation Greenness in the Upper and Middle Reaches of the Yellow River Basin over 2000–2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Lin Sun ◽  
Yi Luo
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Fluctuation Analysis ◽  
Vegetation Development ◽  
Vegetation Dynamic ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Land Use Types

The Grain to Green Project (GTGP), a large ecological restoration project aiming to control soil erosion and improve the ecological environment, has been implemented since 1999 and has led to great land use changes with decreased farmland and increased forest and grass, and significant vegetation variations. Understanding vegetation variations for different land use types is important for accessing the present vegetation development and providing scientific guidance for future ecological restoration design and regional sustainable development. With two land use maps and MODIS LAI data, trend analysis, fluctuation analysis, and R/S methods were applied to analyze the vegetation dynamic changes and sustainability for converted land use types from cropland and unconverted types over 2000–2015 in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River. The results obtained were as follows: (1) Vegetation greening was remarkable in the entire study region (0.036 yr−1). The increasing rate was higher in wetter conditions with AI < 3 (0.036–0.053 yr−1) than arid regions with AI > 3 (0.012–0.024 yr−1). (2) Vegetation improved faster for converted forestland, shrubland, and grassland than unconverted types under similar drying conditions. Converted shrubland and grassland had a larger relative change than converted forestland. (3) Converted land use types generally exhibited stronger fluctuation than unconverted types with small differences among types. (4) Vegetation exhibited a sustainable increasing trend in the future, which accounted for more than 73.1% of the region, mainly distributed in the middle reach of the Yellow River. Vegetation restoration exerted important influences on vegetation greening and the effect was stronger for converted types than unconverted types.

Benefits of Agro Forestry Land Use in Nsukka Local Government Area, Enugu State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Ugwuoke Chukwuchebe Obiajulu ◽  
Opata Ifeyinwa Patience ◽  
Ihedioha Nice Nneoma ◽  
Ume Chukwuma Otum
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Forestry Practices ◽  
Male Head ◽  
Land Tenure System ◽  
Basic Infrastructure ◽  
The Right ◽  
Agro Forestry ◽  
Entire Study Area

The natural environment of the Nsukka, is characterized by a combination of trees and grasses in different proportions. This readily provides conducive conditions for the combined cultivation of annual crops and perennial crops, or trees. But, some factors might have stalled the espousal and practice of agro forestry in Nsukka; this is because Nsukka until recently was generally inaccessible and lacked basic infrastructure. These have contributed negatively to result in wastage of farm products especially during harvest periods, and consequent loss of income to the farmers. The broad aim of the study was to analyze agro forestry land use practices of Nsukka farmers, assess the benefits, and draw up lessons and recommendations for sustainable agro forestry development in community-based forestry projects by describing the socioeconomic characteristics of farmers, determining the type of agro forestry practiced in the area, identifying the reasons for farmers’ participation in agro forestry practices, identifying the constraints to sustainable agro forestry in the area and the measures for tackling the constraints and determining the benefits of agro forestry to participating farmers and their communities at large. The results of the study showed that most farmers sale greater part of their produce as the only source of income and most farmers spend less because they use animal dropping as a source of fertilizer. The land tenure system of the entire study area is largely by inheritance, and land use is determined by the male head and, on whom the right of usage is vested. Similarly, the ownership, sponsorship and management of agro forestry farms are largely by the families.  

Historical analysis of changes in land use and carbon stock of vegetation in south and southeast Asia

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth P. Flint ◽  
John F. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Standing Stock ◽  
Carbon Equivalent ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Ecological Zones

A time series (1880, 1920, 1950, 1980) of estimates of land use and carbon content of vegetation is presented for a contiguous area of 1.7 × 106 km2 in northern India, Bangladesh, and Burma. This was developed using sequential bookkeeping models, which systematically incorporate official agricultural and forest statistics with ecological, botanical, historical, geographical, and demographic data. For 149 administrative units, aggregated into 39 ecological zones, we estimated area and carbon content for each of the following land-use categories: net cultivated area, settled–built-up area, forest–woodland, interrupted woods, grass–shrub complexes, barren – sparsely vegetated areas, wetlands, and surface water. Dominant patterns of land-use change were deforestation, agricultural expansion, and wetland clearance, but significant regional and temporal disparities were observed. For the entire study region, the estimated standing stock of carbon in biomass declined by 2.62 Gt over the century. Release by periods was 911 Mt for 1880–1920, 750 Mt for 1920–1950, and 964 Mt for 1950–1980. Forest–woodland and interrupted woods vegetation released carbon equivalent to over 90% of the total release. Both conversion of forest to other vegetation types and reduction over time of biomass within vegetation types contributed significantly to decreases in total standing carbon stock during the period.

scholarly journals Dynamique spatio-temporelle de l’occupation des sols des communes de Torodi, Gothèye et Tagazar de la région de Tillabéry au Niger

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 949-965
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Biga ◽  
Abdou Amani ◽  
Idrissa Soumana ◽  
Mourtala Bachir ◽  
Ali Mahamane
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Energy Wood ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Sentinel 2A ◽  
Bodies Of Water ◽  
Entire Study Area ◽  
Land Use Maps

L’homme à travers ses actions dénature fortement l’occupation des sols engendrant une modification du milieu naturel. Cet impact rend la nécessité de fournir aux autorités communales les cartes d’occupations des sols et des informations relatives à leurs état et dynamique. C’est dans cette optique qu’une étude de l’occupation des sols a été conduite dans trois communes de l’Ouest Nigérien. Elle a pour objectif de cartographier et d’analyser la dynamique de l’occupation des sols de ces communes à partir des images Landsat de 1984 et 2000 et celles de sentinelle 2A de 2017. La classification supervisée par maximum de vraisemblance a été appliquée et la dynamique a été analysée à partir des courbes et des calculs de superficies. Les résultats cartographiques ont permis l’établissement des cartes d’occupation des sols par commune. L’analyse de la dynamique de l’occupation des sols montre que les superficies des formations végétales et les jachères régressent sur l’ensemble de la zone d’étude. Les cultures et bâtis progressent respectivement de 180,96% et 119, 81% à Torodi, 65,69% et 205,42% à Tagazar et 98,82% et 143,15% à Gothèye. IL en est de même pour les zones dégradées et les plans d’eau qui connaissent des progressions et des régressions sur l’ensemble de la zone d’étude. Les L’agriculture, l’exploitation du bois d’énergie et la démographie sont les principaux facteurs de dégradation et de mutation du paysage. Ces résultats peuvent servir de base pour définir les zones prioritaires en vue de la restauration des zones dégradées et l’aménagement des formations naturelles.Mots clés : Télédétection, SIG, Cartographie, dégradation.   English Title: Spatio-temporal dynamics of the land use of Torodi, Gothèye and Tagazar township in the Tillabery region of NigerMan through his actions strongly distorts the use of land, causing a change in the natural environment. This impact makes it necessary to provide municipalities with land use maps and information relating to their condition and dynamics. It is with this in mind that a study of land use was carried out in three communes in western Niger. Its objective is to map and analyze the dynamics of the land use of these municipalities from the Landsat images of 1984 and 2000 and those of sentinel 2A from 2017. The supervised classification by maximum likelihood was applied and the dynamics was analyzed from curves and area calculations. The cartographic results made it possible to draw up land use maps by municipality. Analysis of the dynamics of land use shows that the areas of plant formations and fallows are declining over the entire study area. Crops and buildings rose respectively by 180.96% and 119, 81% in Torodi, 65.69% and 205.42% in Tagazar and 98.82% and 143.15% in Gothèye. The same is true for degraded areas and bodies of water which are experiencing increases and regressions over the entire study area. Agriculture, the exploitation of energy wood and demography are the main factors of degradation and mutation of the landscape. These results could serve as a basis for defining priority intervention areas for the restoration of degraded areas and the management of agroforestry forests and parks. Keywords: Remote sensing, GIS, Cartography, degradation.  

scholarly journals Benefits of Agro Forestry Land Use in Nsukka Local Government Area, Enugu State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Forestry Practices ◽  
Male Head ◽  
Land Tenure System ◽  
Basic Infrastructure ◽  
The Right ◽  
Agro Forestry ◽  
Entire Study Area

The natural environment of the Nsukka, is characterized by a combination of trees and grasses in different proportions. This readily provides conducive conditions for the combined cultivation of annual crops and perennial crops, or trees. But, some factors might have stalled the espousal and practice of agro forestry in Nsukka; this is because Nsukka until recently was generally inaccessible and lacked basic infrastructure. These have contributed negatively to result in wastage of farm products especially during harvest periods, and consequent loss of income to the farmers. The broad aim of the study was to analyze agro forestry land use practices of Nsukka farmers, assess the benefits, and draw up lessons and recommendations for sustainable agro forestry development in community-based forestry projects by describing the socioeconomic characteristics of farmers, determining the type of agro forestry practiced in the area, identifying the reasons for farmers’ participation in agro forestry practices, identifying the constraints to sustainable agro forestry in the area and the measures for tackling the constraints and determining the benefits of agro forestry to participating farmers and their communities at large. The results of the study showed that most farmers sale greater part of their produce as the only source of income and most farmers spend less because they use animal dropping as a source of fertilizer. The land tenure system of the entire study area is largely by inheritance, and land use is determined by the male head and, on whom the right of usage is vested. Similarly, the ownership, sponsorship and management of agro forestry farms are largely by the families.

Zwischenevaluation des Wald-Wild-Management-Instruments (WWMI) im Pilotprogramm effor2 «Wald und Wild» | Preliminary evaluation of the Game-Forest-Management-Tool (GFMT) in the effor2 pilot programme «Game and Forest»

2003 ◽  
Vol 154 (8) ◽  
pp. 305-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Eyholzer ◽  
Martin Baumann ◽  
Rolf Manser
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Optimal Contract ◽  
Technical Tool ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Pilot Programme ◽  
Complex Problems ◽  
Entire Study Area

Faced with the challenging task of balancing forest interests and wildlife, the Swiss Forest Agency initiated the pilot programme«Game and Forest», which is committed to a philosophy of goal-oriented management practice and a redesign of forestry subsidizing. Within this programme the diverse goals of forestry and hunting have been amalgamated to a superimposed goal and set out in a corresponding contract. The Game-Forest-Management-Tool (GFMT) has been divised to simulate the effect of various strategies to deal with the complex problems of forest-wildlife. Optimal contract-fulfilling procedures can be simulated on a PC using this technical tool. The efficiency of the measures suggested by simulations that were carried out are being tested in a study area within the pilot programme, «Game and Forest». Half way through this trial, after two years, we can say that there has been no significant increase of non-browsed areas. In 2004, after the collection of data for the entire study area, we will be able to tell whether applying this computer simulated strategy truly leads to an augmentation of non-browsed area and a decrease in bark-peeled forests in the pilot area.

scholarly journals Night-Time Light Remote Sensing Mapping: Construction and Analysis of Ethnic Minority Development Index

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2129
Author(s):  
Fei Zhao ◽  
Lu Song ◽  
Zhiyan Peng ◽  
Jianqin Yang ◽  
Guize Luan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Remote Sensing Mapping ◽  
Entire Study Area

Using toponym data, population data, and night-time light data, we visualized the development index of the Yi, Wa, Zhuang, Naxi, Hani, and Dai ethnic groups on ArcGIS as well as the distribution of 25 ethnic minorities in the study area. First, we extracted the toponym data of 25 ethnic minorities in the study area, combined with night-time light data and the population proportion data of each ethnic group, then we obtained the development index of each ethnic group in the study area. We compared the development indexes of the Yi, Wa, Zhuang, Naxi, Hani, and Dai ethnic groups with higher development indexes. The results show that the Yi nationality’s development index was the highest, reaching 28.86 (with two decimal places), and the Dai nationality’s development index was the lowest (15.22). The areas with the highest minority development index were concentrated in the core area of the minority development, and the size varied with the minority’s distance. According to the distribution of ethnic minorities, we found that the Yi ethnic group was distributed in almost the entire study area, while other ethnic minorities had obvious geographical distribution characteristics, and there were multiple ethnic minorities living together. This research is of great significance to the cultural protection of ethnic minorities, the development of ethnic minorities, and the remote sensing mapping of lights at night.

scholarly journals Monitoring and simulating the distribution of phytoplankton in constructed wetlands based on SPOT 6 images

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 454-468
Author(s):  
Yumeng Song ◽  
Jing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Model ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Band Ratio ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Entire Study Area ◽  
Range Of Values

Abstract We integrated hyperspectral and field-measured chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) data from the Kristalbad constructed wetland in the Netherlands. We developed a best-fit band ratio empirical algorithm to generate a distribution map of Chl-a concentration (C chla) from SPOT 6 imagery. The C chla retrieved from remote sensing was compared with a water quality model established for a wetland pond system. The retrieved satellite results were combined with a water quality model to simulate and predict the changes in phytoplankton levels. The regression model provides good retrievals for Chl-a. The imagery-derived C chla performed well in calibrating the simulation results. For each pond, the modeled C chla showed a range of values similar to the Chl-a data derived from SPOT 6 imagery (10–25 mg m−3). The imagery-derived and prediction model results could be used as the guiding analytical tools to provide information covering an entire study area and to inform policies.

scholarly journals Afforestation of Degraded Croplands as a Water-Saving Option in Irrigated Region of the Aral Sea Basin

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1433
Author(s):  
Navneet Kumar ◽  
Asia Khamzina ◽  
Patrick Knöfel ◽  
John P. A. Lamers ◽  
Bernhard Tischbein
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Water Balance Components ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Trade Offs

Climate change is likely to decrease surface water availability in Central Asia, thereby necessitating land use adaptations in irrigated regions. The introduction of trees to marginally productive croplands with shallow groundwater was suggested for irrigation water-saving and improving the land’s productivity. Considering the possible trade-offs with water availability in large-scale afforestation, our study predicted the impacts on water balance components in the lower reaches of the Amudarya River to facilitate afforestation planning using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The land-use scenarios used for modeling analysis considered the afforestation of 62% and 100% of marginally productive croplands under average and low irrigation water supply identified from historical land-use maps. The results indicate a dramatic decrease in the examined water balance components in all afforestation scenarios based largely on the reduced irrigation demand of trees compared to the main crops. Specifically, replacing current crops (mostly cotton) with trees on all marginal land (approximately 663 km2) in the study region with an average water availability would save 1037 mln m3 of gross irrigation input within the study region and lower the annual drainage discharge by 504 mln m3. These effects have a considerable potential to support irrigation water management and enhance drainage functions in adapting to future water supply limitations.

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