scholarly journals Biophysical Effects of Temperate Forests in Regulating Regional Temperature and Precipitation Pattern across Northeast China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 4767
Author(s):  
Yue Jiao ◽  
Kun Bu ◽  
Jiuchun Yang ◽  
Guangshuai Li ◽  
Lidu Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Temperate Forests ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Precipitation Pattern ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Water Cycling ◽  
Regional Temperature

The temperate forests in Northeast China are an important ecological barrier. However, the way in which temperate forests regulate the regional temperature and water cycling remains unclear. In this study, we quantitatively evaluated the role that temperate forests play in the regulation of the regional temperature and precipitation by combining remote sensing observations with a state-of-the-art regional climate model. Our results indicated that the forest ecosystem could slightly warm the annual air temperature by 0.04 ± 0.02 °C and bring more rainfall (17.49 ± 3.88 mm) over Northeast China. The temperature and precipitation modification function of forests varies across the seasons. If the trees were not there, our model suggests that the temperature across Northeast China would become much colder in the winter and spring, and much hotter in the summer than the observed climate. Interestingly, the temperature regulation from the forest ecosystem was detected in both forested regions and the adjacent agricultural areas, suggesting that the temperate forests in Northeast China cushion the air temperature by increasing the temperature in the winter and spring, and decreasing the temperature in the summer over the whole region. Our study also highlights the capacity of temperate forests to regulate regional water cycling in Northeast China. With high evapotranspiration, the forests could transfer sufficient moisture to the atmosphere. Combined with the associated moisture convergence, the temperate forests in Northeast China brought more rainfall in both forest and agricultural ecosystems. The increased rainfall was mainly concentrated in the spring and summer; these seasons accounted for 93.82% of the total increase in rainfall. These results imply that temperate forests make outstanding contributions to the maintainance of the sustainable development of agriculture in Northeast China.

scholarly journals Panama’s Current Climate Replicability in a Non-Hydrostatic Regional Climate Model Nested in an Atmospheric General Circulation Model

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1543
Author(s):  
Reinhardt Pinzón ◽  
Noriko N. Ishizaki ◽  
Hidetaka Sasaki ◽  
Tosiyuki Nakaegawa
Keyword(s):  
Regional Climate Model ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Current Climate

To simulate the current climate, a 20-year integration of a non-hydrostatic regional climate model (NHRCM) with grid spacing of 5 and 2 km (NHRCM05 and NHRCM02, respectively) was nested within the AGCM. The three models did a similarly good job of simulating surface air temperature, and the spatial horizontal resolution did not affect these statistics. NHRCM02 did a good job of reproducing seasonal variations in surface air temperature. NHRCM05 overestimated annual mean precipitation in the western part of Panama and eastern part of the Pacific Ocean. NHRCM05 is responsible for this overestimation because it is not seen in MRI-AGCM. NHRCM02 simulated annual mean precipitation better than NHRCM05, probably due to a convection-permitting model without a convection scheme, such as the Kain and Fritsch scheme. Therefore, the finer horizontal resolution of NHRCM02 did a better job of replicating the current climatological mean geographical distributions and seasonal changes of surface air temperature and precipitation.

scholarly journals Regional Climate Model Simulations of U.S. Precipitation and Surface Air Temperature during 1982–2002: Interannual Variation

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhong Zhu ◽  
Xin-Zhong Liang
Keyword(s):  
Regional Climate Model ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Interannual Variation ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Phase Relationship ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Precipitation Pattern ◽  
Interannual Variations

Abstract The fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5)-based regional climate model (CMM5) capability in simulating the interannual variations of U.S. precipitation and surface air temperature during 1982–2002 is evaluated with a continuous baseline integration driven by the NCEP–Department of Energy (DOE) Second Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project Reanalysis (R-2). It is demonstrated that the CMM5 has a pronounced downscaling skill for precipitation and temperature interannual variations. The EOF and correlation analyses illustrate that, for both quantities, the CMM5 captures the spatial pattern, temporal evolution, and circulation teleconnections much better than the R-2. In particular, the CMM5 more realistically simulates the precipitation pattern centered in the Northwest, where the representation of the orographic enhancement by the forced uplifting during winter (rainy season) is greatly improved over the R-2. The downscaling skill, however, is sensitive to the cumulus parameterization. This sensitivity is studied by comparing the baseline with a branch summer integration replacing the Grell with the Kain–Fritsch cumulus scheme in the CMM5. The dominant EOF mode of the U.S. summer precipitation interannual variation, identified with the out-of-phase relationship between the Midwest and Southeast in observations, is reproduced more accurately by the Grell than the Kain–Fritsch scheme, which largely underestimates the variation in the Midwest. This pattern is associated with east–west movement of the Great Plains low-level jet (LLJ): a more western position corresponds to a stronger southerly flow bringing more moisture and heavier rainfall in the Midwest and less in the Southeast. The second EOF pattern, which describes the consistent variation over the southern part of the Midwest and the South in observations, is captured better by the Kain–Fritsch scheme than the Grell, whose pattern systematically shifts southward.

scholarly journals Recent and future air temperature and precipitation changes in the mountainous north of Montenegro

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-201
Author(s):  
Miroslav Doderovic ◽  
Dragan Buric ◽  
Vladan Ducic ◽  
Ivan Mijanovic
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Mediterranean Country ◽  
Average Height ◽  
The North ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Instrumental Period

The aim of the research of this paper is changes in air temperature and precipitation in the north of Montenegro in the instrumental period (1951-2018) and projections up to 2100. Kolasin was chosen because the altitude of the place is the average height of the northern region of Montenegro (about 1000 m), the meteorological station has not changed its location since the beginning of instrumental measurements, and homogeneity was tested (for the instrumental period). In general, the climate of Kolasin (1951-2018) has become warmer and with more frequent extreme daily temperatures and precipitations in an upward trend. When it comes to the projections for the north of this Mediterranean country, according to the A1B scenario of the Regional Climate Model EBU?POM, the results indicate warmer conditions and very warm ones at the end of the 21st century. The projected reduction of the annual number of almost all the considered rainfall days also implies that a slightly more arid future is expected. The climate of the mountainous north of Montenegro is changing, and the results presented in this paper may serve decision makers to take some measures of adaptation (in tourism, agriculture, architecture, water management, etc.) and climate change mitigation.

scholarly journals Validation of the ALARO-0 model within the EURO-CORDEX framework

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1143-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Giot ◽  
Piet Termonia ◽  
Daan Degrauwe ◽  
Rozemien De Troch ◽  
Steven Caluwaerts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Convective Precipitation ◽  
Microphysics Scheme ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
European Climate ◽  
Jackknife Procedure

Abstract. Using the regional climate model ALARO-0, the Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium and Ghent University have performed two simulations of the past observed climate within the framework of the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX). The ERA-Interim reanalysis was used to drive the model for the period 1979–2010 on the EURO-CORDEX domain with two horizontal resolutions, 0.11 and 0.44°. ALARO-0 is characterised by the new microphysics scheme 3MT, which allows for a better representation of convective precipitation. In Kotlarski et al. (2014) several metrics assessing the performance in representing seasonal mean near-surface air temperature and precipitation are defined and the corresponding scores are calculated for an ensemble of models for different regions and seasons for the period 1989–2008. Of special interest within this ensemble is the ARPEGE model by the Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques (CNRM), which shares a large amount of core code with ALARO-0. Results show that ALARO-0 is capable of representing the European climate in an acceptable way as most of the ALARO-0 scores lie within the existing ensemble. However, for near-surface air temperature, some large biases, which are often also found in the ARPEGE results, persist. For precipitation, on the other hand, the ALARO-0 model produces some of the best scores within the ensemble and no clear resemblance to ARPEGE is found, which is attributed to the inclusion of 3MT. Additionally, a jackknife procedure is applied to the ALARO-0 results in order to test whether the scores are robust, meaning independent of the period used to calculate them. Periods of 20 years are sampled from the 32-year simulation and used to construct the 95 % confidence interval for each score. For most scores, these intervals are very small compared to the total ensemble spread, implying that model differences in the scores are significant.

scholarly journals Future climate change and it`s impact on precipitation and temperature in Ukraine

2017 ◽  
pp. 76-82
Author(s):  
V. Khokhlov ◽  
N. Yermolenko
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climatic Change ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Southern Ukraine

Global climate change has provoked an active development in modern methods relating to the prediction of spatiotemporal hydrometeorological fields. Numerical modeling of nearest-future climatic changes allows to generate strategies of development for different areas of economic activity. The paper aims to assess the expected air temperature and precipitation features in Ukraine considering different scenarios of climatic change. The modeling future changes of air temperature and precipitation were carried out using the A1B and A2 scenarios of climatic change. The outcomes of regional climate model ECHAM5 from ENSEMBLES Project were used as initial data. It was revealed that the air temperature will gradually increase in most of Ukrainian regions. Moreover highest air temperature will be recorded in Southern Ukraine during 2031-2050. The analysis of linear trends for 2031-2050 showed that the air temperature for the scenario A1B will exhibit a tendency to the decrease of temperature. However, the annually mean temperature in 2031-2050 for the ‘moderate’ scenario A1B will be higher than for the ‘hard’, in terms of greenhouse gases concentrations, scenario A2. The annual precipitation in Ukraine, both for the A1B and A2 scenario, will slightly increase toward the 2050 with the exception of Southern Ukraine. Also, the highest annual precipitation will be registered in the western part of Ukraine, and lowest – in the southern one. The paper can be expanded to the analysis of future dangerous weather phenomena depending on the changes of air temperature and precipitation.

scholarly journals Regional climate model data used within the SWURVE project – 2: addressing uncertainty in regional climate model data for five European case study areas

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1085-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ekström ◽  
B. Hingray ◽  
A. Mezghani ◽  
P. D. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Model Data ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Regional Temperature ◽  
Scaling Variables ◽  
Annual Average Temperature

Abstract. To aid assessments of the impact of climate change on water related activities in the case study regions (CSRs) of the EC-funded project SWURVE, estimates of uncertainty in climate model data need to be developed. This paper compares two methods for estimating uncertainty in annual surface temperature and precipitation for the period 2070–2099. Both combine probability distribution functions for global temperature increase and for scaling variables (i.e. the change in regional temperature/precipitation per degree of global annual average temperature change) to produce a probability distribution for regional temperature and precipitation. The methods differ in terms of the distribution used for the respective probability distribution function. For scaling variables, the first method assumes a uniform distribution, whilst the second method assumes a normal distribution. For the probability distribution function of global annual average temperature change, the first method uses a uniform distribution and the second uses a log-normal approximation to a distribution derived from Wigley and Raper, 2001. Although the methods give somewhat different ranges of change, they agree on how temperature and precipitation in each of the CSRs are likely to change relative to each other. For annual surface temperature, both methods predict increases in all CSRs, although somewhat less so for NW England (5th and 95th percentiles vary between 1.1–1.9°C to 3.8–5.7°C) and about 1.7–3.1°C to 5.3–8.6°C for the others. For precipitation, most probability distributions (except for NW England) show predominantly decreasing precipitation, particularly so for the Iberian CSR (5th and 95th percentiles vary from –29.3 to –44% to –9.6 to –4%).

scholarly journals Validation of the ALARO-0 model within the EURO-CORDEX framework

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 8387-8409
Author(s):  
O. Giot ◽  
P. Termonia ◽  
D. Degrauwe ◽  
R. De Troch ◽  
S. Caluwaerts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Convective Precipitation ◽  
Microphysics Scheme ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
European Climate ◽  
Jackknife Procedure

Abstract. Using the regional climate model ALARO-0 the Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium has performed two simulations of the past observed climate within the framework of the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX). The ERA-Interim reanalysis was used to drive the model for the period 1979–2010 on the EURO-CORDEX domain with two horizontal resolutions, 0.11 and 0.44 °. ALARO-0 is characterised by the new microphysics scheme 3MT, which allows for a better representation of convective precipitation. In Kotlarski et al. (2014) several metrics assessing the performance in representing seasonal mean near-surface air temperature and precipitation are defined and the corresponding scores are calculated for an ensemble of models for different regions and seasons for the period 1989–2008. Of special interest within this ensemble is the ARPEGE model by the Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques (CNRM), which shares a large amount of core code with ALARO-0. Results show that ALARO-0 is capable of representing the European climate in an acceptable way as most of the ALARO-0 scores lie within the existing ensemble. However, for near-surface air temperature some large biases, which are often also found in the ARPEGE results, persist. For precipitation, on the other hand, the ALARO-0 model produces some of the best scores within the ensemble and no clear resemblance to ARPEGE is found, which is attributed to the inclusion of 3MT. Additionally, a jackknife procedure is applied to the ALARO-0 results in order to test whether the scores are robust, by which we mean independent of the period used to calculate them. Periods of 20 years are sampled from the 32 year simulation and used to construct the 95 % confidence interval for each score. For most scores these intervals are very small compared to the total ensemble spread, implying that model differences in the scores are significant.

scholarly journals Projected Changes in Extreme Temperature and Precipitation Indices Over CORDEX-MENA Domain

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 622
Author(s):  
Tugba Ozturk ◽  
F. Sibel Saygili-Araci ◽  
M. Levent Kurnaz
Keyword(s):  
Regional Climate Model ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Global Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Climate Extreme ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Projected Changes ◽  
Extreme Indices

In this study, projected changes in climate extreme indices defined by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices were investigated over Middle East and North Africa. Changes in the daily maximum and minimum temperature- and precipitation- based extreme indices were analyzed for the end of the 21st century compared to the reference period 1971–2000 using regional climate model simulations. Regional climate model, RegCM4.4 was used to downscale two different global climate model outputs to 50 km resolution under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. Results generally indicate an intensification of temperature- and precipitation- based extreme indices with increasing radiative forcing. In particular, an increase in annual minimum of daily minimum temperatures is more pronounced over the northern part of Mediterranean Basin and tropics. High increase in warm nights and warm spell duration all over the region with a pronounced increase in tropics are projected for the period of 2071–2100 together with decrease or no change in cold extremes. According to the results, a decrease in total wet-day precipitation and increase in dry spells are expected for the end of the century.

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