scholarly journals Volunteers in the Smart City: Comparison of Contribution Strategies on Human-Centered Measures

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 3707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Bennati ◽  
Ivana Dusparic ◽  
Rhythima Shinde ◽  
Catholijn Jonker
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Design Principle ◽  
User Participation ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Privacy Preferences ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Privacy Risks

Provision of smart city services often relies on users contribution, e.g., of data, which can be costly for the users in terms of privacy. Privacy risks, as well as unfair distribution of benefits to the users, should be minimized as they undermine user participation, which is crucial for the success of smart city applications. This paper investigates privacy, fairness, and social welfare in smart city applications by means of computer simulations grounded on real-world data, i.e., smart meter readings and participatory sensing. We generalize the use of public good theory as a model for resource management in smart city applications, by proposing a design principle that is applicable across application scenarios, where provision of a service depends on user contributions. We verify its applicability by showing its implementation in two scenarios: smart grid and traffic congestion information system. Following this design principle, we evaluate different classes of algorithms for resource management, with respect to human-centered measures, i.e., privacy, fairness and social welfare, and identify algorithm-specific trade-offs that are scenario independent. These results could be of interest to smart city application designers to choose a suitable algorithm given a scenario-specific set of requirements, and to users to choose a service based on an algorithm that matches their privacy preferences.

scholarly journals Concept Drift Adaptation Techniques in Distributed Environment for Real-World Data Streams

Smart Cities ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 349-371
Author(s):  
Hassan Mehmood ◽  
Panos Kostakos ◽  
Marta Cortes ◽  
Theodoros Anagnostopoulos ◽  
Susanna Pirttikangas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Data Streams ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Concept Drift ◽  
Distributed Environment ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Unique Challenge ◽  
World Data ◽  
Concept Drift Detection

Real-world data streams pose a unique challenge to the implementation of machine learning (ML) models and data analysis. A notable problem that has been introduced by the growth of Internet of Things (IoT) deployments across the smart city ecosystem is that the statistical properties of data streams can change over time, resulting in poor prediction performance and ineffective decisions. While concept drift detection methods aim to patch this problem, emerging communication and sensing technologies are generating a massive amount of data, requiring distributed environments to perform computation tasks across smart city administrative domains. In this article, we implement and test a number of state-of-the-art active concept drift detection algorithms for time series analysis within a distributed environment. We use real-world data streams and provide critical analysis of results retrieved. The challenges of implementing concept drift adaptation algorithms, along with their applications in smart cities, are also discussed.

Insights into water-energy cobenefits and trade-offs in water resource management

2019 ◽  
Vol 213 ◽  
pp. 1188-1203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinjing Gao ◽  
Chenlong Li ◽  
Peng Zhao ◽  
Hongwei Zhang ◽  
Guozhu Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Trade Offs

The Role Corporate Social Responsibility Has in the Smart City Project in Spain

2019 ◽  
pp. 1562-1582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mª Asunción López-Arranz
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Improve Working ◽  
The Right ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Conditions Of Work

The object and justification of this chapter is to analyse how Smart Cities will have an impact on workers' social welfare. Another aspect is the opportunity for businesses immersed in Smart Cities to improve working conditions through corporate social responsibility, reverting in this way to the society all that they have to offer. The future of employment in Smart Cities is analysed. Anyway, the realisation of the present work also has allowed to check how finds Spain in the implantation of this model of Cities and as they are involved the Spanish companies. In this sense, the investigation after an unproductive analysis and conceptual of the terms business social responsibility and smart quote analyses the implication of the right of the work in the new cities through the repercussion of these in the conditions of work of the workers taken by the companies so much of the small, of the average as of the big company, to finish with conclusions. It analyses the normative activity that Spain has developed specifically in this regard and his plans in the aim 20/20.

Smart and Connected Cities Through Technologies

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vrushali Gajanan Kadam ◽  
Sharvari Chandrashekhar Tamane ◽  
Vijender Kumar Solanki
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Crowd Sensing ◽  
The World ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Mobile Crowd

The world is growing and energy conservation is a very important challenge for the engineering domain. The emergence of smart cities is one possible solution for the same, as it claims that energy and resources are saved in the smart city infrastructure. This chapter is divided into five sections. Section 1 gives the past, present, and future of the living style. It gives the representation from rural, urban, to smart city. Section 2 gives the explanations of four pillars of big data, and through grid, a big data analysis is presented in the chapter. Section 3 started with the case study on smart grid. It comprises traffic congestion and their prospective solution through big data analytics. Section 4 starts from the mobile crowd sensing. It discusses a good elaboration on crowd sensing whereas Section 5 discusses the smart city approach. Important issues like lighting, parking, and traffic were taken into consideration.

The Role Corporate Social Responsibility Has in the Smart City Project in Spain

2017 ◽  
pp. 439-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mª Asunción López-Arranz
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Improve Working ◽  
The Right ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Conditions Of Work

The object and justification of this chapter is to analyse how Smart Cities will have an impact on workers' social welfare. Another aspect is the opportunity for businesses immersed in Smart Cities to improve working conditions through corporate social responsibility, reverting in this way to the society all that they have to offer. The future of employment in Smart Cities is analysed. Anyway, the realisation of the present work also has allowed to check how finds Spain in the implantation of this model of Cities and as they are involved the spanish companies. In this sense, the investigation after an unproductive analysis and conceptual of the terms business social responsibility and smart quote analyses the implication of the right of the work in the new cities through the repercussion of these in the conditions of work of the workers taken by the companies so much of the small, of the average as of the big company, to finish with conclusions. It analyses the normative activity that Spain has developed specifically in this regard and his plans in the aim 20/20.

London's Congestion Charge

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
David Besanko ◽  
Johannes Horner ◽  
Ed Kalletta
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Social Optimum ◽  
Deadweight Loss ◽  
Sufficient Data ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Congestion Charge ◽  
The Social

Describes the events leading up to the imposition of the London congestion charge. Views about the congestion charge, both pro and con, are presented. Also discusses, in general terms, the economics of traffic congestion, pointing out that an unregulated market for driving will not reach the social optimum. Contains sufficient data to estimate the deadweight loss in an unregulated market and the reduction of the deadweight loss due to the imposition of the congestion charge in 2003.To provide a good illustration of how an unregulated market with negative externalities can lead to an overprovision of a good (in this case driving). Also, to show how an externality tax (in this case, London's congestion charge) can lead to an improvement in social welfare.

scholarly journals Could a Smart City Ameliorate Urban Traffic Congestion? A Quasi-Natural Experiment Based on a Smart City Pilot Program in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2291
Author(s):  
Yuhui Guo ◽  
Zhiwei Tang ◽  
Jie Guo
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Dynamic Effect ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
City Construction

More countries and regions are joining the bandwagon of smart city construction, which is an important strategy and innovative urban governance concept to solve the problem of rapid urbanization. This paper examines whether smart city innovation is able to ameliorate the traffic congestion faced by a large number of cities. Using panel data for 187 prefecture-level cities in China from 2008 to 2017, this paper tests the effect of implementation of a smart city on urban traffic congestion with the difference-in-difference method. The results show that, firstly, the construction of smart cities have significantly reduced the degree of urban traffic congestion and improved the quality and capacity of public transport. Secondly, information technology and urban innovation are the main mechanisms for smart city implementation to improve urban traffic problems. Thirdly, the improvement effect of smart city implementation on traffic management shows an increasing marginal effect over time. By overcoming the estimation bias in previous studies, this study accurately analyzes the positive role and dynamic effect of smart city construction on traffic improvement. It augments the literature of program evaluation and assessment of smart city implementation. By examining how to improve traffic congestion, it offers some insights that could inspire governments to build smarter cities with better traffic.

scholarly journals Travel in city road networks follows similar transport trade-off principles to neural and plant arbors

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (154) ◽  
pp. 20190041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Y. Suen ◽  
Saket Navlakha
Keyword(s):  
Pareto Optimality ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
The Road ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Plant Shoots

Both engineered and biological transportation networks face trade-offs in their design. Network users desire to quickly get from one location in the network to another, whereas network planners need to minimize costs in building infrastructure. Here, we use the theory of Pareto optimality to study this design trade-off in the road networks of 101 cities, with wide-ranging population sizes, land areas and geographies. Using a simple one parameter trade-off function, we find that most cities lie near the Pareto front and are significantly closer to the front than expected by alternate design structures. To account for other optimization dimensions or constraints that may be important (e.g. traffic congestion, geography), we performed a higher-order Pareto optimality analysis and found that most cities analysed lie within a region of design space bounded by only four archetypal cities. The trade-offs studied here are also faced and well-optimized by two biological transport networks—neural arbors in the brain and branching architectures of plant shoots—suggesting similar design principles across some biological and engineered transport systems.

Enabling Smart City With Intelligent Congestion Control Using Hops With a Hybrid Computational Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sagheer Abbas ◽  
Muhammad Adnan Khan ◽  
Atifa Athar ◽  
Syed Ali Shan ◽  
Anwar Saeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congestion Control ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Computational Approach ◽  
Current Signal ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Simulation Results

ABSTRACT In a smart city, the subject of the congestion-free traffic has been leading objectives from the past decade, and many approaches are adopted to make congestion-free roads. These approaches and signals at one junction are not inter-linked with the signal at the previous one. Therefore, the traffic flow on the same road and at associative roads is not smooth. The study proposed a model with a hybrid computational approach in which the current signal incorporates the associative signals information. Simulation results have shown that the proposed approach gives more attractive results as compared to previously published approaches. It will help improve the flow of traffic and reduce traffic congestion.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document