scholarly journals Deformation Monitoring of Earth Fissure Hazards Using Terrestrial Laser Scanning

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunfeng Ge ◽  
Huiming Tang ◽  
Xulong Gong ◽  
Binbin Zhao ◽  
Yi Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Deformation Monitoring ◽  
Earth Fissure ◽  
Displacement Analysis ◽  
Remote Sensing Technique ◽  
Noise Data

Deformation monitoring is a powerful tool to understand the formation mechanism of earth fissure hazards, enabling the engineering and planning efforts to be more effective. To assess the evolution characteristics of the Yangshuli earth fissure hazard more completely, terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), a remote sensing technique which is regarded as one of the most promising surveying technologies in geohazard monitoring, was employed to detect the changes to ground surfaces and buildings in small- and large-scales, respectively. Time-series of high-density point clouds were collected through 5 sequential scans from 2014 to 2017 and then pre-processing was performed to filter the noise data of point clouds. A tiny deformation was observed on both the scarp and the walls, based on the local displacement analysis. The relative height differences between the two sides of the scarp increase slowly from 0.169 m to 0.178 m, while no obvious inclining (the maximum tilt reaches just to 0.0023) happens on the two walls, based on tilt measurement. Meanwhile, global displacement analysis indicates that the overall settlement slowly increases for the ground surface, but the regions in the left side of scarp are characterized by a relatively larger vertical displacement than the right. Furthermore, the comparisons of monitoring results on the same measuring line are discussed in this study and TLS monitoring results have an acceptable consistency with the global positioning system (GPS) measurements. The case study shows that the TLS technique can provide an adequate solution in deformation monitoring of earth fissure hazards, with high effectiveness and applicability.

scholarly journals Determination of Terrain Profile from TLS Data by Applying Msplit Estimation

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Patrycja Wyszkowska ◽  
Robert Duchnowski ◽  
Andrzej Dumalski
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Least Squares Estimation ◽  
Displacement Analysis ◽  
Empirical Tests ◽  
The Absolute

This paper presents an application of an Msplit estimation in the determination of terrain profiles from terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) data. We consider the squared Msplit estimation as well as the absolute Msplit estimation. Both variants have never been used to determine terrain profiles from TLS data (the absolute Msplit estimation has never been applied in any TLS data processing). The profiles are computed by applying polynomials of a different degree, determining which coefficients are estimated using the method in question. For comparison purposes, the profiles are also determined by applying a conventional least squares estimation. The analyses are based on simulated as well as real TLS data. The actual objects have been chosen to contain terrain details (or obstacles), which provide some measurements which are not referred to as terrain surface; here, they are regarded as outliers. The empirical tests prove that the proposed approach is efficient and can provide good terrain profiles even if there are outliers in an observation set. The best results are obtained when the absolute Msplit estimation is applied. One can suggest that this method can be used in a vertical displacement analysis in mining damages or ground disasters.

scholarly journals Systematic Approach for Tunnel Deformation Monitoring with Terrestrial Laser Scanning

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 3519
Author(s):  
Dongfeng Jia ◽  
Weiping Zhang ◽  
Yanping Liu
Keyword(s):  
Point Cloud ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Deformation Monitoring ◽  
Reference Plane ◽  
Shield Tunnel ◽  
Cloud Processing ◽  
Point Cloud Processing

The use of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) point clouds for tunnel deformation measurement has elicited much interest. However, general methods of point-cloud processing in tunnels are still under investigation, given the high accuracy and efficiency requirements in this area. This study discusses a systematic method of analyzing tunnel deformation. Point clouds from different stations need to be registered rapidly and with high accuracy before point-cloud processing. An orientation method of TLS in tunnels that uses a positioning base made in the laboratory is proposed for fast point-cloud registration. The calibration methods of the positioning base are demonstrated herein. In addition, an improved moving least-squares method is proposed as a way to reconstruct the centerline of a tunnel from unorganized point clouds. Then, the normal planes of the centerline are calculated and are used to serve as the reference plane for point-cloud projection. The convergence of the tunnel cross-section is analyzed, based on each point cloud slice, to determine the safety status of the tunnel. Furthermore, the results of the deformation analysis of a particular shield tunnel site are briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Terrestrial Laser Scanning for Vegetation Analyses with a Special Focus on Savannas

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 507
Author(s):  
Tasiyiwa Priscilla Muumbe ◽  
Jussi Baade ◽  
Jenia Singh ◽  
Christiane Schmullius ◽  
Christian Thau
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Parameter Extraction ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Vegetation Parameter

Savannas are heterogeneous ecosystems, composed of varied spatial combinations and proportions of woody and herbaceous vegetation. Most field-based inventory and remote sensing methods fail to account for the lower stratum vegetation (i.e., shrubs and grasses), and are thus underrepresenting the carbon storage potential of savanna ecosystems. For detailed analyses at the local scale, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) has proven to be a promising remote sensing technology over the past decade. Accordingly, several review articles already exist on the use of TLS for characterizing 3D vegetation structure. However, a gap exists on the spatial concentrations of TLS studies according to biome for accurate vegetation structure estimation. A comprehensive review was conducted through a meta-analysis of 113 relevant research articles using 18 attributes. The review covered a range of aspects, including the global distribution of TLS studies, parameters retrieved from TLS point clouds and retrieval methods. The review also examined the relationship between the TLS retrieval method and the overall accuracy in parameter extraction. To date, TLS has mainly been used to characterize vegetation in temperate, boreal/taiga and tropical forests, with only little emphasis on savannas. TLS studies in the savanna focused on the extraction of very few vegetation parameters (e.g., DBH and height) and did not consider the shrub contribution to the overall Above Ground Biomass (AGB). Future work should therefore focus on developing new and adjusting existing algorithms for vegetation parameter extraction in the savanna biome, improving predictive AGB models through 3D reconstructions of savanna trees and shrubs as well as quantifying AGB change through the application of multi-temporal TLS. The integration of data from various sources and platforms e.g., TLS with airborne LiDAR is recommended for improved vegetation parameter extraction (including AGB) at larger spatial scales. The review highlights the huge potential of TLS for accurate savanna vegetation extraction by discussing TLS opportunities, challenges and potential future research in the savanna biome.

scholarly journals Revealing Changes in the Stem Form and Volume Allocation in Diverse Boreal Forests Using Two-Date Terrestrial Laser Scanning

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 835
Author(s):  
Ville Luoma ◽  
Tuomas Yrttimaa ◽  
Ville Kankare ◽  
Ninni Saarinen ◽  
Jiri Pyörälä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Stem Form ◽  
Monitoring Period ◽  
Significant Difference

Tree growth is a multidimensional process that is affected by several factors. There is a continuous demand for improved information on tree growth and the ecological traits controlling it. This study aims at providing new approaches to improve ecological understanding of tree growth by the means of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS). Changes in tree stem form and stem volume allocation were investigated during a five-year monitoring period. In total, a selection of attributes from 736 trees from 37 sample plots representing different forest structures were extracted from taper curves derived from two-date TLS point clouds. The results of this study showed the capability of point cloud-based methods in detecting changes in the stem form and volume allocation. In addition, the results showed a significant difference between different forest structures in how relative stem volume and logwood volume increased during the monitoring period. Along with contributing to providing more accurate information for monitoring purposes in general, the findings of this study showed the ability and many possibilities of point cloud-based method to characterize changes in living organisms in particular, which further promote the feasibility of using point clouds as an observation method also in ecological studies.

scholarly journals Automated terrestrial laser scanning with near-real-time change detection – monitoring of the Séchilienne landslide

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan A. Kromer ◽  
Antonio Abellán ◽  
D. Jean Hutchinson ◽  
Matt Lato ◽  
Marie-Aurelie Chanut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Change Detection ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Deformation Monitoring ◽  
Time Change ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Detection Processing

Abstract. We present an automated terrestrial laser scanning (ATLS) system with automatic near-real-time change detection processing. The ATLS system was tested on the Séchilienne landslide in France for a 6-week period with data collected at 30 min intervals. The purpose of developing the system was to fill the gap of high-temporal-resolution TLS monitoring studies of earth surface processes and to offer a cost-effective, light, portable alternative to ground-based interferometric synthetic aperture radar (GB-InSAR) deformation monitoring. During the study, we detected the flux of talus, displacement of the landslide and pre-failure deformation of discrete rockfall events. Additionally, we found the ATLS system to be an effective tool in monitoring landslide and rockfall processes despite missing points due to poor atmospheric conditions or rainfall. Furthermore, such a system has the potential to help us better understand a wide variety of slope processes at high levels of temporal detail.

scholarly journals Network method for deformation analysis of three-dimensional point cloud with terrestrial laser scanning sensor

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 155014771881413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangyang Xu ◽  
Hao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Point Cloud ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Deformation Analysis ◽  
Transverse Displacement ◽  
Displacement Analysis ◽  
Accuracy Measurement ◽  
Network Method ◽  
Displacement Information

The complexity of structural materials is increasing the importance of the technology for high accuracy measurement. How to obtain the displacement information of structural feature points accurately and efficiently is the key issue of deformation analysis. In this article, displacement analysis of a composite arched structure is investigated based on the terrestrial laser scanning technique. A new method based on the measured point cloud is proposed to analyze the displacement of surficial points, resulting in not only the displacement size but also the displacement direction. The innovation lies in extracting the displacement information with a network and remapped point cloud, which is called the network method. The displacement map obtained demonstrates that the transverse displacement in the experiment plays an important role in the safety of the structure, which could not be observed and obtained by the surface approximation method. Therefore, the panorama- and pointwise displacement analysis technologies contribute to ensure the safety of increasingly complex constructions.

scholarly journals Measuring the Contribution of Leaves to the Structural Complexity of Urban Tree Crowns with Terrestrial Laser Scanning

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2773
Author(s):  
Georgios Arseniou ◽  
David W. MacFarlane ◽  
Dominik Seidel
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
Box Dimension ◽  
State University ◽  
Leaf Removal ◽  
Quercus Macrocarpa ◽  
Methodological Considerations

Trees have a fractal-like branching architecture that determines their structural complexity. We used terrestrial laser scanning technology to study the role of foliage in the structural complexity of urban trees. Forty-five trees of three deciduous species, Gleditsia triacanthos, Quercus macrocarpa, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, were sampled on the Michigan State University campus. We studied their structural complexity by calculating the box-dimension (Db) metric from point clouds generated for the trees using terrestrial laser scanning, during the leaf-on and -off conditions. Furthermore, we artificially defoliated the leaf-on point clouds by applying an algorithm that separates the foliage from the woody material of the trees, and then recalculated the Db metric. The Db of the leaf-on tree point clouds was significantly greater than the Db of the leaf-off point clouds across all species. Additionally, the leaf removal algorithm introduced bias to the estimation of the leaf-removed Db of the G. triacanthos and M. glyptostroboides trees. The index capturing the contribution of leaves to the structural complexity of the study trees (the ratio of the Db of the leaf-on point clouds divided by the Db of the leaf-off point clouds minus one), was negatively correlated with branch surface area and different metrics of the length of paths through the branch network of the trees, indicating that the contribution of leaves decreases as branch network complexity increases. Underestimation of the Db of the G. triacanthos trees, after the artificial leaf removal, was related to maximum branch order. These results enhance our understanding of tree structural complexity by disentangling the contribution of leaves from that of the woody structures. The study also highlighted important methodological considerations for studying tree structure, with and without leaves, from laser-derived point clouds.

scholarly journals Combined Use of Terrestrial Laser Scanning and UAV Photogrammetry in Mapping Alpine Terrain

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 2154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ján Šašak ◽  
Michal Gallay ◽  
Ján Kaňuk ◽  
Jaroslav Hofierka ◽  
Jozef Minár
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Mutual Orientation ◽  
Close Range Photogrammetry ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Close Range

Airborne and terrestrial laser scanning and close-range photogrammetry are frequently used for very high-resolution mapping of land surface. These techniques require a good strategy of mapping to provide full visibility of all areas otherwise the resulting data will contain areas with no data (data shadows). Especially, deglaciated rugged alpine terrain with abundant large boulders, vertical rock faces and polished roche-moutones surfaces complicated by poor accessibility for terrestrial mapping are still a challenge. In this paper, we present a novel methodological approach based on a combined use of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and close-range photogrammetry from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for generating a high-resolution point cloud and digital elevation model (DEM) of a complex alpine terrain. The approach is demonstrated using a small study area in the upper part of a deglaciated valley in the Tatry Mountains, Slovakia. The more accurate TLS point cloud was supplemented by the UAV point cloud in areas with insufficient TLS data coverage. The accuracy of the iterative closest point adjustment of the UAV and TLS point clouds was in the order of several centimeters but standard deviation of the mutual orientation of TLS scans was in the order of millimeters. The generated high-resolution DEM was compared to SRTM DEM, TanDEM-X and national DMR3 DEM products confirming an excellent applicability in a wide range of geomorphologic applications.

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