scholarly journals Smart Petri Nets Temperature Control Framework for Reducing Building Energy Consumption

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 2441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kheir Eddine Bouazza ◽  
Wael Deabes
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Petri Nets ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
The Third ◽  
Optimum Energy ◽  
Control Framework ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Smart Control ◽  
Preferred Temperatures

Energy consumption is steadily increasing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), which imposes continuous strains on the electrical load. Furthermore, consumption rationalization measures do not seem to improve the situation in any way. Therefore, the implementation of energy saving policies become an urgent need. This paper targets developing a smart energy-saving framework for integrating new advanced technologies and conventional Air Conditioning (AC) systems to achieve a comfortable environment, optimum energy efficiency and profitability. In this paper, a three-stage smart control framework, which allows controlling room temperature according to the user’s preferences, is implemented. The first stage is a user identification process. In the second stage, a Petri Nets (PN) model monitors users and sends their preferred temperatures to the third stage. A PID controller is implemented in the third stage to regulate room temperatures. The interconnected sensing and actuating devices in this smart environment are configured to provide users with comfort and energy saving functionality. Experimental results show the good performances and features of the proposed approach. The proposed smart framework reduces the energy consumption of the current ON/OFF controller ( 219.09 kW) by a significant amount which reaches ( 116.58 kW) by ratio about 46.79 % . Reducing energy consumption is one of these important features in addition to system reactivity and user comfort.

Energy Consumption and Economic Analysis to Residential Building Meeting the Criterion of 65% Energy Saving in Zhangjiakou

2011 ◽  
Vol 225-226 ◽  
pp. 239-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Lei Ma ◽  
Jian Hui Niu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Design Standard ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Building Energy Saving ◽  
Saving Effect

An energy saving residential building in Zhangjiakou was took as research object, which was designed and constructed according to the criterion of 65% energy saving of the third stage, utilizing simulation software Dest, which was developed by Qinghua University, energy consumption simulation and economic analysis were done to the building. The results show that compared with the former residence which was built according to the non-energy saving design, the implementation of new design standard for building energy saving can not only achieve better energy saving effect, but also its payback period is short, so the new design standard for building energy saving is worth spreading.

scholarly journals Determining heat losses in university educational premises and developing an algorithm for implementing energy-saving measures

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (8 (114)) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Savchenko-Pererva ◽  
Oleg Radchuk ◽  
Ludmila Rozhkova ◽  
Hanna Barsukova ◽  
Oleksandr Savoiskyi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Heat Losses ◽  
Thermal Imager ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Preparatory Stage ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Cost

This paper gives examples of the implementation of energy-saving measures in public premises. The introduction of energy-saving measures at enterprises significantly reduces the fixed component of industrial expenditures. As a rule, educational institutions, for example, public premises, are financed from the state budget, and saving money on utilities will enable redirecting finances to the development of the university’s educational and scientific base. Thus, the main purpose of implementing such measures is to reduce the cost of maintaining buildings. The measures are divided into three stages. At the first preparatory stage, the problem elements of a building and communications, which require the introduction of energy-saving measures using a special Fluke Ti25 device, are identified. Problem elements of the building structure were determined by complete scanning of the ceiling, walls, and floor with the help of a thermal imager. A large (more than 10 %) difference between indoor air temperature and the temperature of the building element indicates a problem element. The research method is thermographic. The study contains an example of scanning the wall of the premises. The temperature difference between the left and the right sides of the wall is 2.6 °C (the difference with the room temperature is 21 %). This indicates significant heat losses through the wall. At the second stage of information processing, measures to reduce energy consumption were determined. At the third stage of the introduction of energy-saving measures, the measures that directly affect the energy consumption of a building and effective functioning of communications were implemented. The practical relevance of the study is to obtain results and practical recommendations that can be applied in practice to improve the energy efficiency of premises and buildings.

scholarly journals Testing multisensory stimuli to drive thermal comfort and space perception using VR/AR: a design strategy to achieve energy saving

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lavinia Chiara Tagliabue
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Space Perception ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
System Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Perception ◽  
Energy Evaluation ◽  
Smart Control ◽  
Different Color

Energy consumption of the EU has a crucial environmental impact; several efforts are nowadays thus directed into massively reducing energy consumption by envelope improvement, system efficiency and smart control. On the other hand, the indoor thermal and lighting conditions significantly influence users' wellbeing and productivity, which is especially important when dealing with educational and working facilities. Strategies to enhance system efficiency are focused on design and construction aspects. These strategies ease to promote a powerful approach which is needed when focusing on existing buildings in need of retrofit measures. When dealing with new or refurbished buildings, energy saving has a further step to achieve. In the last years, research trends moved towards an increasing inclusion of human factors in energy evaluation. This allows to account for the occupancy variability in the energy analyses, considering how to bridge the performance gap between predictive models and actual consumptions due to indoor thermal settings. In empty buildings energy consumption is huge and economic efforts are wasted, due to unconscious energy-wasting behaviors. Previous studies with Interactive Virtual Environments confirmed that indoor environments illuminated by different color lights lead to the perception of different levels of thermal comfort. The results of the present paper replicate previous evidence collected in real conditions, suggesting that Virtual Reality is a valid and reliable tool to assess thermal comfort more quickly and cheaply. This paper provides a further perspective on this topic, including also the use of different fragrances to understand how the indoor environment could be enhanced and manipulated to increase wellbeing, thermal perception and finally energy saving.

Operation Analysis of the Rail Transit Stations Energy-Saving Air-Conditioning System Based on Petri Nets

2014 ◽  
Vol 513-517 ◽  
pp. 3564-3567
Author(s):  
Bing Xu ◽  
Zhong Jin Shi ◽  
Bao Guo Zheng ◽  
Xue Han Zhu ◽  
Yi Huan Hui
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Petri Nets ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Rail Transportation ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Transportation Equipment ◽  
Equipment Operation ◽  
Operation Analysis

In order to fully research and describe the dynamics of the energy consumption of rail transportation equipment operation, this chapter will Petri nets Establishment and analysis of the environmental control system air-conditioning power consumption model, so as to deepen the understanding of the principle of the energy consumption of devices running depth grasp of energy consumption the operational features of the equipment, take appropriate and effective energy-saving measures.

The Coherence of Mary Barton: Romance, Realism, and Utopia

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-200
Author(s):  
Robert Z. Birdwell
Keyword(s):  
Thomas Carlyle ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Mode Of Production

Critics have argued that Elizabeth Gaskell's first novel, Mary Barton (1848), is split by a conflict between the modes of realism and romance. But the conflict does not render the novel incoherent, because Gaskell surpasses both modes through a utopian narrative that breaks with the conflict of form and gives coherence to the whole novel. Gaskell not only depicts what Thomas Carlyle called the ‘Condition of England’ in her work but also develops, through three stages, the utopia that will redeem this condition. The first stage is romantic nostalgia, a backward glance at Eden from the countryside surrounding Manchester. The second stage occurs in Manchester, as Gaskell mixes romance with a realistic mode, tracing a utopian drive toward death. The third stage is the utopian break with romantic and realistic accounts of the Condition of England and with the inadequate preceding conceptions of utopia. This third stage transforms narrative modes and figures a new mode of production.

Bankruptcy Model Construction and its Limitation in Input Data Quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
Dana Kubíčková ◽  
◽  
Vladimír Nulíček ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Data Quality ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Model Construction ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Discriminant Analyses ◽  
One Year ◽  
The University ◽  
Multivariate Discriminant

The aim of the research project solved at the University of Finance and administration is to construct a new bankruptcy model. The intention is to use data of the firms that have to cease their activities due to bankruptcy. The most common method for bankruptcy model construction is multivariate discriminant analyses (MDA). It allows to derive the indicators most sensitive to the future companies’ failure as a parts of the bankruptcy model. One of the assumptions for using the MDA method and reassuring the reliable results is the normal distribution and independence of the input data. The results of verification of this assumption as the third stage of the project are presented in this article. We have revealed that this assumption is met only in a few selected indicators. Better results were achieved in the indicators in the set of prosperous companies and one year prior the failure. The selected indicators intended for the bankruptcy model construction thus cannot be considered as suitable for using the MDA method.

How well do voice-hearing assessment measures capture the positive experiences of individuals?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Armstrong ◽  
Lorna Hogg ◽  
Pamela Charlotte Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Hearing Assessment ◽  
Positive Experiences ◽  
Assessment Measures ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
The Voice

The first stage of this project aims to identify assessment measures which include items on voice-hearing by way of a systematic review. The second stage is the development of a brief framework of categories of positive experiences of voice hearing, using a triangulated approach, drawing on views from both professionals and people with lived experience. The third stage will involve using the framework to identify any positve aspects of voice-hearing included in the voice hearing assessments identified in stage 1.

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