scholarly journals A Sensor Platform for Athletes’ Training Supervision: A Proof of Concept Study

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (18) ◽  
pp. 3948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zompanti ◽  
Sabatini ◽  
Santonico ◽  
Grasso ◽  
Gianfelici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Sport Practice ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Respiratory Parameters ◽  
Partial Least Squares Method

One of the basic needs of professional athletes is the real-time and non-invasive monitoring of their activities. The use of these kind of data is necessary to develop strategies for specific tailored training in order to improve performances. The sensor system presented in this work has the aim to adopt a novel approach for the monitoring of physiological parameters, and athletes’ performances, during their training. The anaerobic threshold is herein identified with the monitoring of the lactate concentration and the respiratory parameters. The data collected by the sensor are used to build a model using a supervised method (based on the partial least squares method, PLS) to predict the values of the parameters of interest. The sensor is able to measure the lactate concentration from a sample of saliva and it can estimate a respiratory parameter, such as maximal oxygen consumption, maximal carbon dioxide production and respiratory rate from a sample of exhaled breath. The main advantages of the device are the low power; the wireless communication; and the non-invasive sampling method, which allow its use in a real context of sport practice.

scholarly journals Microwave thermometry with potential application in non-invasive monitoring of hyperthermia

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 739-750
Author(s):  
Morteza Ghaderi Aram ◽  
Larisa Beilina ◽  
Hana Dobsicek Trefna
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Regularization Parameter ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Optimal Choice ◽  
Adaptive Finite Element Method ◽  
Adaptive Finite Element ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Full Wave ◽  
Reconstruction Quality ◽  
Regularization Techniques

AbstractIntegration of an adaptive finite element method (AFEM) with a conventional least squares method has been presented. As a 3D full-wave forward solver, CST Microwave Studio has been used to model and extract both electric field distribution in the region of interest (ROI) and S-parameters of a circular array consisting of 16 monopole antennas. The data has then been fed into a differential inversion scheme to get a qualitative indicator of how the temperature distribution evolves over a course of the cooling process of a heated object. Different regularization techniques within the Tikhonov framework are also discussed, and a balancing principle for optimal choice of the regularization parameter was used to improve the image reconstruction quality of every 2D slice of the final image. Targets are successfully imaged via proposed numerical methods.

scholarly journals Non-Invasive Infections Diagnosis in Lung Transplant Recipients in Exhaled Breath Condensate

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. S63
Author(s):  
E. Ibáñez-Martínez ◽  
M. López-Nogueroles ◽  
M. Alcoriza-Balaguer ◽  
I. Pérez ◽  
M. Roca-Marugán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Transplant ◽  
Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Lung Transplant Recipients ◽  
Breath Condensate

scholarly journals Tethered Lipid Membranes as a Nanoscale Arrangement Towards Non-Invasive Analysis of Acute Pancreatitis

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 755
Author(s):  
Rima Budvytyte ◽  
Akvile Milasiute ◽  
Dalius Vitkus ◽  
Kestutis Strupas ◽  
Aiste Gulla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Lipid Membranes ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Electrochemical Technique ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Analytical System ◽  
Shock Proteins

Extracellular heat shock proteins (HSPs) mediate immunological functions and are involved in pathologies such as infection, stress, and cancer. Here, we demonstrated the dependence of an amount of HSP70 and HSP90 in serum vs. severity of acute pancreatitis (AP) on a cohort of 49 patients. Tethered bilayer lipid membranes (tBLMs) have been developed to investigate HSPs’ interactions with tBLMs that can be probed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results revealed that HSP70 and HSP90 interact via different mechanisms. HSP70 shows the damage of the membrane, while HSP90 increases the insulation properties of tBLM. These findings provide evidence that EIS offers a novel approach for the study of the changes in membrane integrity induced by HSPs proteins. Herein, we present an alternative electrochemical technique, without any immunoprobes, that allows for the monitoring of HSPs on nanoscaled tBLM arrangement in biologics samples such us human urine. This study demonstrates the great potential of tBLM to be used as a membrane based biosensor for novel, simple, and non-invasive label-free analytical system for the prediction of AP severity.

Day to day variability in fat oxidation and the effect after only 1 day of change in diet composition

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Maria Støa ◽  
Lill-Katrin Nyhus ◽  
Sandra Claveau Børresen ◽  
Caroline Nygaard ◽  
Åse Marie Hovet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Habitual Diet ◽  
Estimate Rate ◽  
Uptake Test ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Indirect calorimetry is a common and noninvasive method to estimate rate of fat oxidation (FatOx) during exercise, and test–retest reliability should be considered when interpreting results. Diet also has an impact on FatOx. The aim of the present study was to investigate day to day variations in FatOx during moderate exercise given the same diet and 2 different isoenergetic diets. Nine healthy, moderately-trained females participated in the study. They performed 1 maximal oxygen uptake test and 4 FatOx tests. Habitual diets were recorded and repeated to assess day to day variability in FatOx. FatOx was also measured after 1 day of fat-rich (26.8% carbohydrates (CHO), 23.2% protein, 47.1% fat) and 1 day of CHO-rich diet (62.6% CHO, 20.1% protein, 12.4% fat). The reliability test revealed no differences in FatOx, respiratory exchange ratio (RER), oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide production, heart rate, blood lactate concentration, or blood glucose between the 2 habitual diet days. FatOx decreased after the CHO-rich diet compared with the habitual day 2 (from 0.42 ± 0.15 to 0.29 ± 0.13 g·min−1, p < 0.05). No difference was found in FatOx between fat-rich diet and the 2 habitual diet days. FatOx was 31% lower (from 0.42 ± 0.14 to 0.29 ± 0.13 g·min−1, p < 0.01) after the CHO-rich diet compared with the fat-rich diet. Using RER data to measure FatOx is a reliable method as long as the diet is strictly controlled. However, even a 1-day change in macronutrient composition will likely affect the FatOx results.

Indole as a new tentative marker in exhaled breath for non-invasive blood glucose monitoring of diabetic subjects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Fink ◽  
Tim Maihöfer ◽  
Jeffrey Bender ◽  
Jochen Schulat
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Blood Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Glucose Measurement ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Test Strips ◽  
Non Invasive

Abstract Blood glucose monitoring (BGM) is the most important part of diabetes management. In classical BGM, glucose measurement by test strips involves invasive finger pricking. We present results of a clinical study that focused on a non-invasive approach based on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath. Main objective was the discovery of markers for prediction of blood glucose levels (BGL) in diabetic patients. Exhaled breath was measured repeatedly in 60 diabetic patients (30 type 1, 30 type 2) in fasting state and after a standardized meal. Proton Transfer Reaction Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) was used to sample breath every 15 minutes for a total of six hours. BGLs were tested in parallel via BGM test strips. VOC signals were plotted against glucose trends for each subject to identify correlations. Exhaled indole (a bacterial metabolite of tryptophan) showed significant mean correlation to BGL (with negative trend) and significant individual correlation in 36 patients. The type of diabetes did not affect this result. Additional experiments of one healthy male subject by ingestion of lactulose and 13C-labeled glucose (n=3) revealed that exhaled indole does not directly originate from food digestion by intestinal microbiota. As indole has been linked to human glucose metabolism, it might be a tentative marker in breath for non-invasive BGM. Clinical studies with greater diversity are required for confirmation of such results and further investigation of metabolic pathways.

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