scholarly journals Wearable Inertial Sensors to Assess Standing Balance: A Systematic Review

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (19) ◽  
pp. 4075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Ghislieri ◽  
Laura Gastaldi ◽  
Stefano Pastorelli ◽  
Shigeru Tadano ◽  
Valentina Agostini

Wearable sensors are de facto revolutionizing the assessment of standing balance. The aim of this work is to review the state-of-the-art literature that adopts this new posturographic paradigm, i.e., to analyse human postural sway through inertial sensors directly worn on the subject body. After a systematic search on PubMed and Scopus databases, two raters evaluated the quality of 73 full-text articles, selecting 47 high-quality contributions. A good inter-rater reliability was obtained (Cohen’s kappa = 0.79). This selection of papers was used to summarize the available knowledge on the types of sensors used and their positioning, the data acquisition protocols and the main applications in this field (e.g., “active aging”, biofeedback-based rehabilitation for fall prevention, and the management of Parkinson’s disease and other balance-related pathologies), as well as the most adopted outcome measures. A critical discussion on the validation of wearable systems against gold standards is also presented.

2014 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Toshiyo Tamura ◽  
Takumi Yosimura

Assistive devices have been used to improve the quality of life in elderly society, and information and communication technology (ICT) and robotics have been applied extensively to this end. Falls are a common problem and fall risk assessments are created. This study involved assessment related to an application of information technology. First, to monitor and record falls during daily activities, wearable inertial sensors were used . The threshold of acceleration was used to detect falls. To prevent injury during falls, we also developed a wearable airbag system using an accelerometer, angular velocity, and airbags. The subjects wore the airbag vest with a motion detection belt. When the subject fell, the combination of acceleration and angular velocity signals detected the fall and inflated the airbag.


Moreana ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (Number 149) (1) ◽  
pp. 41-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenio M. Olivares Merino
Keyword(s):  

The recent reprinting of Álvaro de Silva’s 1998 edition of a selection of More’s letters prompts the author to examine the subject of Spanish translations of More, and of de Silva’s general commentary on More’s correspondence and on his relationship to other humanists. The author reflects on aspects of More’s personality as exposed in his letters and uses what he finds as a corrective to several biographical misconceptions. He points out the strengths and weaknesses of de Silva’s work and compares it with that of other translators, particularly Elizabeth Rogers, and notes the particularly Spanish quality of de Silva’s edition.


Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 4997
Author(s):  
Victor C. Le ◽  
Monica L. H. Jones ◽  
Kathleen H. Sienko

Postural sway has been demonstrated to increase following exposure to different types of motion. However, limited prior studies have investigated the relationship between exposure to normative on-road driving conditions and standing balance following the exposure. The purpose of this on-road study was to quantify the effect of vehicle motion and task performance on passengers’ post-drive standing balance performance. In this study, trunk-based kinematic data were captured while participants performed a series of balance exercises before and after an on-road driving session in real-time traffic. Postural sway for all balance exercises increased following the driving session. Performing a series of ecologically relevant visual-based tasks led to increases in most post-drive balance metrics such as sway position and velocity. However, the post-drive changes following the driving session with a task were not significantly different compared to changes observed following the driving session without a task. The post-drive standing balance performance changes observed in this study may increase vulnerable users’ risk of falling. Wearable sensors offer an opportunity to monitor postural sway following in-vehicle exposures.


Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 2644
Author(s):  
Vladislava Bobić ◽  
Milica Djurić-Jovičić ◽  
Nataša Dragašević ◽  
Mirjana B. Popović ◽  
Vladimir S. Kostić ◽  
...  

Wearable sensors and advanced algorithms can provide significant decision support for clinical practice. Currently, the motor symptoms of patients with neurological disorders are often visually observed and evaluated, which may result in rough and subjective quantification. Using small inertial wearable sensors, fine repetitive and clinically important movements can be captured and objectively evaluated. In this paper, a new methodology is designed for objective evaluation and automatic scoring of bradykinesia in repetitive finger-tapping movements for patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease and atypical parkinsonism. The methodology comprises several simple and repeatable signal-processing techniques that are applied for the extraction of important movement features. The decision support system consists of simple rules designed to match universally defined criteria that are evaluated in clinical practice. The accuracy of the system is calculated based on the reference scores provided by two neurologists. The proposed expert system achieved an accuracy of 88.16% for files on which neurologists agreed with their scores. The introduced system is simple, repeatable, easy to implement, and can provide good assistance in clinical practice, providing a detailed analysis of finger-tapping performance and decision support for symptom evaluation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Erik Vanegas ◽  
Raúl Igual ◽  
Inmaculada Plaza

Sensors for respiratory monitoring can be classified into wearable and non-wearable systems. Wearable sensors can be worn in several positions, the chest being one of the most effective. In this paper, we have studied the performance of a new piezoresistive breathing sensing system to be worn on the chest with a belt. One of the main problems of belt-attached sensing systems is that they present trends in measurements due to subject movements or differences in subject constitution. These trends affect sensor performance. To mitigate them, it is possible to post-process the data to remove trends in measurements, but relevant data from the respiration signal may be lost. In this study, two different detrending methods are applied to respiration signals. After conducting an experimental study with 21 subjects who breathed in different positions with a chest piezoresistive sensor attached to a belt, detrending method 2 proved to be better at improving the quality of respiration signals.


Author(s):  
Lyudmyla Dobroboh

The article deals with theoretical study of the selection of specific features of legal relations of complex lawbranches on the example of environmental law. Today, the subject of legal regulation in this area is public relations for environmental protection and rational use of natural resources in order to ensure the quality of the environment in the interests of present and future generations.


2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (21) ◽  
pp. 4569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhonattan J. Barriga ◽  
Juan Sulca ◽  
José Luis León ◽  
Alejandro Ulloa ◽  
Diego Portero ◽  
...  

The development and high growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) have improved quality of life and strengthened different areas in society. Many cities worldwide are looking forward to becoming smart. One of the most popular use cases in smart cities is the implementation of smart parking solutions, as they allow people to optimize time, reduce fuel consumption, and carbon dioxide emissions. Smart parking solutions have a defined architecture with particular components (sensors, communication protocols, and software solutions). Although there are only three components that compose a smart parking solution, it is important to mention that each component has many types that can be used in the deployment of these solutions. This paper identifies the most used types of every component and highlights usage trends in the established analysis period. It provides a complementary perspective and represents a very useful source of information. The scientific community could use this information to decide regarding the selection of types of components to implement a smart parking solution. For this purpose, herein we review several works related to smart parking solutions deployment. To achieve this goal, a semi-cyclic adaptation of the action research methodology combined with a systematic review is used to select papers related to the subject of study. The most relevant papers were reviewed to identify subcategories for each component; these classifications are presented in tables to mark the relevance of each paper accordingly. Trends of usage in terms of sensors, protocols and software solutions are analyzed and discussed in every section. In addition to the trends of usage, this paper determines a guide of complementary features from the type of components that should be considered when implementing a smart parking solution.


Author(s):  
Enrique Garcia-Ceja ◽  
Ramon F. Brena

Recently, Human Activity Recognition (HAR) has become an important research area because of its wide range of applications in several domains such as health care, elder care, sports monitoring systems, etc. The use of wearable sensors — specifically the use of inertial sensors such as accelerometers and gyroscopes — has become the most common approach to recognize physical activities because of their unobtrusiveness and ubiquity. Overall, the process of building a HAR system starts with a feature extraction phase and then a classification model is trained. In the work of Siirtola et al. is proposed an intermediate clustering step to find the homogeneous groups of activities. For the recognition step, an instance is assigned to one of the groups and the final classification is performed inside that group. In this work we evaluate the clustering-based approach for activity classification proposed by Siirtola with two additional improvements: automatic selection of the number of groups and an instance reassignment procedure. In the original work, they evaluated their method using decision trees on a sports activities dataset. For our experiments, we evaluated seven different classification models on four public activity recognition datasets. Our results with 10-fold Cross Validation showed that the method proposed by Siirtola with our additional two improvements performed better in the majority of cases as compared to using the single classification model under consideration. When using Leave One User Out Cross Validation (user independent model) we found no differences between the proposed method and the single classification model.


2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-163
Author(s):  
I. A. Evteeva ◽  
S. V. Shigeev

The aim of the study was to study the available approaches to the formulation and quality control of forensic medical expert conclusions. We have studied the literature sources containing recommendations on drawing up expert opinions and improving their quality. After a selection of scientific publications and publications on the subject matter with the help of a descriptive method, the article presents the existing approaches to this problem. As a result of the conducted research, the absence of any general objective requirements for expert conclusions was revealed. The development of unified standards for writing and the definition of “signs of quality” of expert conclusions is a promising task of forensic science and practice, the solution of which will improve the quality of examinations.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 321-329
Author(s):  
Heri Setiawan ◽  
Gamal Kartono

This study aims to analyze and describe how the cover of the student press magazine "Dinamika" State Islamic University of North Sumatra applies magazine cover design based on the principles of layout, typography, and color selection and images. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method. The subject of this research is the student press magazine "Dinamika" UIN SU edition 29 to edition 50 with a total of 15 magazine covers using purposive sampling technique. The results of this study explain the number of magazine covers that apply the very good category layout principle as many as 5 covers (33%), 5 good (33%), 3 good enough (20%), and 2 cover (14%) less good. The application of the principles of typography in very good categories was 4 covers (27%), 6 good (40%), 1 (6%) good enough, and 4 covers (27%) not good enough. Color selection for very good categories was 7 covers (47%), good 3 (20%), good enough 4 (27%), and less good as many as 1 cover (6%). In the selection of images, there were 3 covers (20%), 6 (40%), 2 (14%) good enough, and 4 (27%) not good. Overall, the results of this study concluded that the quality of the application of the principles of layout, typography, colors, and images on the cover design of the UIN SU student press magazine "Dinamika" was categorized as quite good.


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