Measurement System for Unsupervised Standardized Assessment of Timed “Up & Go” and Five Times Sit to Stand Test in the Community—A Validity Study

Comprehensive and repetitive assessments are needed to detect physical changes in an older population to prevent functional decline at the earliest possible stage and to initiate preventive interventions. Established instruments like the Timed “Up & Go” (TUG) Test and the Sit-to-Stand Test (SST) require a trained person (e.g., physiotherapist) to assess physical performance. More often, these tests are only applied to a selected group of persons already functionally impaired and not to those who are at potential risk of functional decline. The article introduces the Unsupervised Screening System (USS) for unsupervised self-assessments by older adults and evaluates its validity for the TUG and SST. The USS included ambient and wearable movement sensors to measure the user’s test performance. Sensor datasets of the USS’s light barriers and Inertial Measurement Units (IMU) were analyzed for 91 users aged 73 to 89 years compared to conventional stopwatch measurement. A significant correlation coefficient of 0.89 for the TUG test and of 0.73 for the SST were confirmed among USS’s light barriers. Correspondingly, for the inertial data-based measures, a high and significant correlation of 0.78 for the TUG test and of 0.87 for SST were also found. The USS was a validated and reliable tool to assess TUG and SST.

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Stability and Predictors of Poor 6-min Walking Test Performance over 2 Years in Patients with COPD

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9041155 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 1155

Author(s):

Mª Piedad Sánchez-Martínez ◽

Roberto Bernabeu-Mora ◽

Mariano Martínez-González ◽

Mariano Gacto-Sánchez ◽

Rodrigo Martín San Agustín ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Test Performance ◽

Performance Status ◽

Prognostic Models ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Discriminative Ability ◽

Stand Test ◽

Sit To Stand ◽

Copd Patients ◽

The Stability

Poor performance in the 6-min walk test (6MWT < 350 m) is an important prognostic indicator of mortality and risk of exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Little is known about the stability of this state over time and what factors might predict a poor 6MWT performance. To determine the stability of 6MWT performance over a 2-year period in COPD patients participating in annual medical follow-up visits, and to assess the ability of several clinical, pulmonary, and non-pulmonary factors to predict poor 6MWT performance, we prospectively included 137 patients with stable COPD (mean age, 66.9 ± 8.3 years). The 6MWT was scored at baseline and 2-year follow-up. To evaluate clinical, pulmonary, and non-pulmonary variables as potential predictors of poor 6MWT performance, we used multiple logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, weight, height, and 6MWT performance at baseline. Poor 6MWT performance was stable over 2 years for 67.4% of patients. Predictors of poor 6MWT performance included a five-repetition sit-to-stand test score ≤2 (OR, 3.01; 95% CI, 1.22–7.42), the percentage of mobility activities with limitations (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.00–1.07), and poor 6MWT performance at baseline (OR, 4.64; 95% CI, 1.88–11.43). Poor 6MWT performance status was stable for the majority of COPD patients. Lower scores on the five-repetition sit-to-stand test and a higher number of mobility activities with limitations were relevant predictors of poor 6MWT performance over 2 years. Prognostic models based on these non-pulmonary factors can provide non-inferior discriminative ability in comparison with prognostic models based on only pulmonary factors.

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Baseline determinants of 1-minute sit-to-stand test performance in COPD patients

10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.pa3713 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Sarah Crook ◽

Anja Frei ◽

Tsung Yu ◽

Gerben Ter Riet ◽

Milo Puhan

Keyword(s):

Test Performance ◽

Stand Test ◽

Sit To Stand ◽

Copd Patients

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Sit-to-stand tests in patients hospitalised for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation: association with pulmonary function tests and risk of future exacerbations

International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation ◽

10.12968/ijtr.2019.0005 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (12) ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Sotirios Kakavas ◽

Aggeliki Papanikolaou ◽

Steven Kompogiorgas ◽

Eleftherios Stavrinoudakis ◽

Evangelos Balis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Pulmonary Function ◽

Pulmonary Disease ◽

Test Performance ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Stand Test ◽

Performance Time ◽

Sit To Stand ◽

Acute Exacerbations

Background/Aims The sit-to-stand test is a quick and cost-effective measure of exercise tolerance and lower body strength. The literature focuses on its use in stable patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This study in patients hospitalised for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation aimed to investigate possible associations of the sit-to-stand test with pulmonary function and risk of future acute exacerbations. Methods This study was conducted on a sample of 22 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Participants' clinical details were recorded before they undertook spirometry, 30-second and five-repetition sit-to-stand tests. Participants were assessed via a structured telephone interview for the occurrence of acute exacerbation events in the 12 months following discharge. Results Patients were classified based on the presence or absence of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease over 12 months. A negative correlation was observed between five-repetition sit-to-stand test performance time and number of repetitions during the 30-second sit-to-stand test; longer sit-to-stand times and fewer repetitions were observed in patients who experienced exacerbations during follow up. The 30-second sit-to-stand test repetitions correlated positively with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1). Five-repetition sit-to-stand test performance correlated negatively with FEV1, FEV1% predicted, forced vital capacity and FEV1/forced vital capacity ratio. From the various exercise parameters, five-repetition sit-to-stand test performance time demonstrated a moderate ability to predict exacerbations. Conclusions This study is the first to focus on the use of the sit-to-stand tests in inpatients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. There was a significant correlation between the 30-second sit-to-stand test and five-repetition sit-to-stand test results. Both tests were associated with pulmonary function indices and risk of future chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations.

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5 TIMES SIT-TO-STAND TEST PERFORMANCE IN DIFFERENT CATEGORY OF UNILATERAL AND BILATERAL KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS PATIENTS

GFNPSS-International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research ◽

10.46376/ijmr/1.1.2020.15-25 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 15

Author(s):

Manoj kumar ◽

Dipti Padole ◽

Chaitany Patel ◽

Arjun Panchal ◽

Nisarg Raval

Keyword(s):

Knee Osteoarthritis ◽

Test Performance ◽

Stand Test ◽

Bilateral Knee ◽

Sit To Stand

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Five-repetition sit-to-stand test performance by community-dwelling adults: A preliminary investigation of times, determinants, and relationship with self-reported physical performance

Isokinetics and Exercise Science ◽

10.3233/ies-2007-0253 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 77-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Richard W. Bohannon ◽

Megan E. Shove ◽

Susan R. Barreca ◽

Lisa M. Masters ◽

Christopher S. Sigouin

Keyword(s):

Physical Performance ◽

Test Performance ◽

Preliminary Investigation ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Stand Test ◽

Sit To Stand

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Validity of muscular fitness self-assessments in the ecofit smartphone application (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.34658 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anna Jansson ◽

David Lubans ◽

Mitch Duncan ◽

Jordan Smith ◽

Adrian Bauman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Concurrent Validity ◽

The Self ◽

Muscular Fitness ◽

Stand Test ◽

Face To Face ◽

Physical Activity Interventions ◽

Sit To Stand ◽

Self Assessments ◽

Push Up

BACKGROUND Mobile health apps that promote physical activity are being developed at a rapid rate. App-based interventions have the potential for wide reach and therefore, may be a useful tool in up-scaling physical activity interventions. In larger scale interventions, face-to-face assessments are less cost effective, and researchers often rely on surveys or built-in activity trackers to assess ongoing efficacy/effectiveness of outcomes. While there are valid means of assessing aerobic activity via smartphone apps, there is limited evidence of valid muscular fitness assessments that can be self-administered within mHealth. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the concurrent validity of upper and lower body muscular fitness that have been independently assessed by participants via the ecofit app, and face-to-face assessments conducted by a trained researcher. METHODS This study compared baseline data from the ecofit two-armed randomised controlled trial and self-assessed data collected via the ecofit smartphone app. As part of baseline assessment in a larger community-based physical activity intervention ‘ecofit’, participants undertook the validated 90-degree push-up and the 60-second sit-to-stand test face-to-face with a trained researcher. Those allocated to the intervention group received access to the ecofit app and were instructed to complete the self-assessed fitness tests within 14-days of receiving access to the app. To assess the concurrent validity, the self-assessed push-up and sit-to-stand tests were correlated using Spearman’s correlation coefficient against the research-assessed results. Bland-Altman plots were also used to allow visualisation of the differences between the self- and research-assessed tests. RESULTS Fifty-four participants completed at least one of the two muscular fitness self-assessments within 14-days of receiving the app, of these 24.1% and 100% completed the push-up and the sit-to-stand test respectively. The results found a strong significant correlation for the push-up test (0.83, p <.001) and a moderate significant correlation for the sit-to-stand test (0.63, p <.001). CONCLUSIONS This study provides support for the concurrent validity of self-reported upper and lower body muscular fitness assessments (i.e., the push-up and sit-to-stand tests) in mHealth. While these tests may be a feasible option for large scale physical activity interventions, more research is needed to determine the generalisability of these results. CLINICALTRIAL The ecofit trial is registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ANZCTR): ACTRN12619000868189.

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