On the Use of Movement-Based Interaction with Smart Textiles for Emotion Regulation

Research from psychology has suggested that body movement may directly activate emotional experiences. Movement-based emotion regulation is the most readily available but often underutilized strategy for emotion regulation. This research aims to investigate the emotional effects of movement-based interaction and its sensory feedback mechanisms. To this end, we developed a smart clothing prototype, E-motionWear, which reacts to four movements (elbow flexion/extension, shoulder flexion/extension, open and closed arms, neck flexion/extension), fabric-based detection sensors, and three-movement feedback mechanisms (audio, visual and vibrotactile). An experiment was conducted using a combined qualitative and quantitative approach to collect participants’ objective and subjective emotional feelings. Results indicate that there was no interaction effect between movement and feedback mechanism on the final emotional results. Participants preferred vibrotactile and audio feedback rather than visual feedback when performing these four kinds of upper body movements. Shoulder flexion/extension and open-closed arm movements were more effective for improving positive emotion than elbow flexion/extension movements. Participants thought that the E-motionWear prototype were comfortable to wear and brought them new emotional experiences. From these results, a set of guidelines were derived that can help frame the design and use of smart clothing to support users’ emotional regulation.

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Measures of Interjoint Coordination Post-stroke Across Different Upper Limb Movement Tasks

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology ◽

10.3389/fbioe.2020.620805 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Anne Schwarz ◽

Janne M. Veerbeek ◽

Jeremia P. O. Held ◽

Jaap H. Buurke ◽

Andreas R. Luft

Keyword(s):

Upper Limb ◽

Elbow Flexion ◽

Shoulder Abduction ◽

Kinematic Parameters ◽

Limb Function ◽

Interjoint Coordination ◽

Upper Limb Function ◽

Shoulder Flexion ◽

Flexion Extension ◽

Median Slope

Background: Deficits in interjoint coordination, such as the inability to move out of synergy, are frequent symptoms in stroke subjects with upper limb impairments that hinder them from regaining normal motor function. Kinematic measurements allow a fine-grained assessment of movement pathologies, thereby complementing clinical scales, like the Fugl–Meyer Motor Assessment of the Upper Extremity (FMMA-UE). The study goal was to investigate the effects of the performed task, the tested arm, the dominant affected hand, upper limb function, and age on spatiotemporal parameters of the elbow, shoulder, and trunk. The construct validity of the metrics was examined by relating them with each other, the FMMA-UE, and its arm section.Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study including chronic stroke patients with mild to moderate upper limb motor impairment. Kinematic measurements were taken using a wearable sensor suit while performing four movements with both upper limbs: (1) isolated shoulder flexion, (2) pointing, (3) reach-to-grasp a glass, and (4) key insertion. The kinematic parameters included the joint ranges of shoulder abduction/adduction, shoulder flexion/extension, and elbow flexion/extension; trunk displacement; shoulder–elbow correlation coefficient; median slope; and curve efficiency. The effects of the task and tested arm on the metrics were investigated using a mixed-model analysis. The validity of metrics compared to clinically measured interjoint coordination (FMMA-UE) was done by correlation analysis.Results: Twenty-six subjects were included in the analysis. The movement task and tested arm showed significant effects (p < 0.05) on all kinematic parameters. Hand dominance resulted in significant effects on shoulder flexion/extension and curve efficiency. The level of upper limb function showed influences on curve efficiency and the factor age on median slope. Relations with the FMMA-UE revealed the strongest and significant correlation for curve efficiency (r = 0.75), followed by shoulder flexion/extension (r = 0.68), elbow flexion/extension (r = 0.53), and shoulder abduction/adduction (r = 0.49). Curve efficiency additionally correlated significantly with the arm subsection, focusing on synergistic control (r = 0.59).Conclusion: The kinematic parameters of the upper limb after stroke were influenced largely by the task. These results underpin the necessity to assess different relevant functional movements close to real-world conditions rather than relying solely on clinical measures.Study Registration: clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT03135093 and BASEC-ID 2016-02075.

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Characterization of stroke-related upper limb motor impairments across various upper limb activities by use of kinematic core set measures

Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation ◽

10.1186/s12984-021-00979-0 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Anne Schwarz ◽

Miguel M. C. Bhagubai ◽

Saskia H. G. Nies ◽

Jeremia P. O. Held ◽

Peter H. Veltink ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Upper Limb ◽

Daily Living ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Peak Velocity ◽

Movement Time ◽

Elbow Flexion ◽

Wrist Flexion ◽

Shoulder Flexion ◽

Flexion Extension

Abstract Background Upper limb kinematic assessments provide quantifiable information on qualitative movement behavior and limitations after stroke. A comprehensive characterization of spatiotemporal kinematics of stroke subjects during upper limb daily living activities is lacking. Herein, kinematic expressions were investigated with respect to different movement types and impairment levels for the entire task as well as for motion subphases. Method Chronic stroke subjects with upper limb movement impairments and healthy subjects performed a set of daily living activities including gesture and grasp movements. Kinematic measures of trunk displacement, shoulder flexion/extension, shoulder abduction/adduction, elbow flexion/extension, forearm pronation/supination, wrist flexion/extension, movement time, hand peak velocity, number of velocity peaks (NVP), and spectral arc length (SPARC) were extracted for the whole movement as well as the subphases of reaching distally and proximally. The effects of the factors gesture versus grasp movements, and the impairment level on the kinematics of the whole task were tested. Similarities considering the metrics expressions and relations were investigated for the subphases of reaching proximally and distally between tasks and subgroups. Results Data of 26 stroke and 5 healthy subjects were included. Gesture and grasp movements were differently expressed across subjects. Gestures were performed with larger shoulder motions besides higher peak velocity. Grasp movements were expressed by larger trunk, forearm, and wrist motions. Trunk displacement, movement time, and NVP increased and shoulder flexion/extension decreased significantly with increased impairment level. Across tasks, phases of reaching distally were comparable in terms of trunk displacement, shoulder motions and peak velocity, while reaching proximally showed comparable expressions in trunk motions. Consistent metric relations during reaching distally were found between shoulder flexion/extension, elbow flexion/extension, peak velocity, and between movement time, NVP, and SPARC. Reaching proximally revealed reproducible correlations between forearm pronation/supination and wrist flexion/extension, movement time and NVP. Conclusion Spatiotemporal differences between gestures versus grasp movements and between different impairment levels were confirmed. The consistencies of metric expressions during movement subphases across tasks can be useful for linking kinematic assessment standards and daily living measures in future research and performing task and study comparisons. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03135093. Registered 26 April 2017, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03135093.

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Upper Extremity and Lower Back Moments during Carrying Tasks in Farm Children

Journal of Applied Biomechanics ◽

10.1123/jab.25.2.149 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 149-155 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jason C. Gillette ◽

Catherine A. Stevermer ◽

Stacey A. Meardon ◽

Timothy R. Derrick ◽

Charles V. Schwab

Keyword(s):

External Rotation ◽

Elbow Flexion ◽

Axial Rotation ◽

Video Data ◽

Upper Body ◽

Shoulder Abduction ◽

Lateral Bending ◽

Joint Moments ◽

Shoulder Flexion ◽

Shoulder External Rotation

Farm youth commonly perform animal care tasks such as feeding and watering. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of age, bucket size, loading symmetry, and amount of load on upper body moments during carrying tasks. Fifty-four male and female participants in four age groups (8–10 years, 12–14 years, 15–17 years, and adults, 20–26 years) participated in the study. Conditions included combinations of large or small bucket sizes, unilateral or bilateral loading, and load levels of 10% or 20% of body weight (BW). During bucket carrying, elbow flexion, shoulder flexion, shoulder abduction, shoulder external rotation, L5/S1 extension, L5/S1 lateral bending, and L5/S1 axial rotation moments were estimated using video data. The 8–10 year-old group did not display higher proportional joint moments as compared with adults. Decreasing the load from 20% BW to 10% BW significantly decreased maximum normalized elbow flexion, shoulder flexion, shoulder abduction, shoulder external rotation, L5/S1 lateral bending, and L5/S1 axial rotation moments. Carrying the load bilaterally instead of unilaterally also significantly reduced these six maximum normalized joint moments. In addition, modifying the carrying task by using smaller one-gallon buckets produced significant reductions in maximum L5/S1 lateral bending moments.

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The Role of Upper Body Biomechanics in Elite Racewalkers

Frontiers in Sports and Active Living ◽

10.3389/fspor.2021.702743 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

Author(s):

Helen J. Gravestock ◽

Catherine B. Tucker ◽

Brian Hanley

Keyword(s):

Stride Length ◽

External Rotation ◽

Elbow Flexion ◽

Flight Time ◽

Upper Body ◽

Stride Frequency ◽

Strength Development ◽

Initial Contact ◽

Development Of Resistance ◽

Shoulder Flexion

The aim of this study was to analyze the link between the upper and lower body during racewalking. Fifteen male and 16 female racewalkers were recorded in a laboratory as they racewalked at speeds equivalent to their 20-km personal records [men: 1:23:12 (±2:45); women: 1:34:18 (±5:15)]; a single representative trial was chosen from each athlete for analysis and averaged data analyzed. Spatial variables (e.g., stride length) were normalized to stature and referred to as ratios. None of the peak upper body joint angles were associated with speed (p < 0.05) and there were no correlations between pelvic motion and speed, but a medium relationship was observed between peak pelvic external rotation (right pelvis rotated backwards) and stride length ratio (r = 0.37). Greater peak shoulder extension was associated with lower stride frequencies (r = −0.47) and longer swing times (r = 0.41), whereas peak elbow flexion had medium associations with flight time (r = −0.44). Latissimus dorsi was the most active muscle at toe-off during peak shoulder flexion; by contrast, pectoralis major increased in activity just before initial contact, concurrent with peak shoulder extension. Consistent but relatively low rectus abdominis and external oblique activation was present throughout the stride, but increased in preparation for initial contact during late swing. The movements of the pelvic girdle were important for optimizing spatiotemporal variables, showing that this exaggerated movement allows for greater stride lengths. Racewalkers should note however that a larger range of shoulder swing movements was found to be associated with lower stride frequency, and smaller elbow angles with increased flight time, which could be indicative of faster walking but can also lead to visible loss of contact. Coaches should remember that racewalking is an endurance event and development of resistance to fatigue might be more important than strength development.

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Validation of Inertial Measurement Units for Upper Body Kinematics

Journal of Applied Biomechanics ◽

10.1123/jab.2016-0120 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 227-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Melissa M.B. Morrow ◽

Bethany Lowndes ◽

Emma Fortune ◽

Kenton R. Kaufman ◽

M. Susan Hallbeck

Keyword(s):

Motion Capture ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Elbow Flexion ◽

Upper Body ◽

Measurement Unit ◽

Motion Capture System ◽

Trunk Flexion ◽

Inertial Measurement ◽

Flexion Extension ◽

Shoulder Elevation

The purpose of this study was to validate a commercially available inertial measurement unit (IMU) system against a standard lab-based motion capture system for the measurement of shoulder elevation, elbow flexion, trunk flexion/extension, and neck flexion/extension kinematics. The validation analyses were applied to 6 surgical faculty members performing a standard, simulated surgical training task that mimics minimally invasive surgery. Three-dimensional joint kinematics were simultaneously recorded by an optical motion capture system and an IMU system with 6 sensors placed on the head, chest, and bilateral upper and lower arms. The sensor-to-segment axes alignment was accomplished manually. The IMU neck and trunk IMU flexion/extension angles were accurate to within 2.9 ± 0.9 degrees and 1.6 ± 1.1°, respectively. The IMU shoulder elevation measure was accurate to within 6.8 ± 2.7° and the elbow flexion measure was accurate to within 8.2 ± 2.8°. In the Bland-Altman analyses, there were no significant systematic errors present; however, there was a significant inversely proportional error across all joints. As the gold standard measurement increased, the IMU underestimated the magnitude of the joint angle. This study reports acceptable accuracy of a commercially available IMU system; however, results should be interpreted as protocol specific.

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Emotional Eating in Adolescence: Effects of Emotion Regulation, Weight Status and Negative Body Image

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13010079 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 79

Author(s):

Lenka H. Shriver ◽

Jessica M. Dollar ◽

Susan D. Calkins ◽

Susan P. Keane ◽

Lilly Shanahan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Image ◽

Emotion Regulation ◽

Emotional Regulation ◽

Emotional Eating ◽

Weight Status ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Obesity Risk ◽

Negative Body Image ◽

Increased Risk

Emotional eating is associated with an increased risk of binge eating, eating in the absence of hunger and obesity risk. While previous studies with children and adolescents suggest that emotion regulation may be a key predictor of this dysregulated eating behavior, little is known about what other factors may be influencing the link between emotional regulation and emotional eating in adolescence. This multi-method longitudinal study (n = 138) utilized linear regression models to examine associations between childhood emotion regulation, adolescent weight status and negative body image, and emotional eating at age 17. Emotion regulation predicted adolescent emotional eating and this link was moderated by weight status (β = 1.19, p < 0.01) and negative body image (β = −0.34, p < 0.01). Higher engagement in emotional eating was predicted by lower emotional regulation scores among normal-weight teens (β = −0.46, p < 0.001) but not among overweight/obese teens (β = 0.32, p > 0.10). Higher scores on emotion regulation were significantly associated with lower emotional eating at high (β = −1.59, p < 0.001) and low (β = −1.00, p < 0.01) levels of negative body image. Engagement in emotional eating was predicted by higher negative body image among overweight/obese teens only (β = 0.70, p < 0.001). Our findings show that while better childhood emotion regulation skills are associated with lower emotional eating, weight status and negative body image influence this link and should be considered as important foci in future interventions that aim to reduce emotional eating in adolescence.

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Emotional Regulation and Overeating Behaviors in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

Behavioral Sciences ◽

10.3390/bs11010011 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

Francesca Favieri ◽

Andrea Marini ◽

Maria Casagrande

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Emotional Intelligence ◽

Emotion Regulation ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Longitudinal Studies ◽

Emotional Regulation ◽

Inadequate Response ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Relationship

The worldwide prevalence of obesity has dramatically increased, mostly in children and adolescents. The Emotional Eating theoretical model has proposed that the failure in emotional regulation could represent a risk factor for establishing maladaptive overeating behavior that represents an inadequate response to negative emotions and allows increasing body-weight. This systematic review investigates the relationship between overeating and both emotional regulation and emotional intelligence in childhood and adolescence, considering both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Moreover, another goal of the review is evaluating whether emotional regulation and emotional intelligence can cause overeating behaviors. The systematic search was conducted according to the PRISMA-statement in the databases Medline, PsychArtcles, PsychInfo, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences, and allows 484 records to be extracted. Twenty-six studies were selected according to inclusion (e.g., studies focused on children and adolescents without clinical conditions; groups of participants overweight or with obesity) and exclusion (e.g., studies that adopted qualitative assessment or cognitive-affective tasks to measure emotional variables; reviews, commentary, or brief reports) criteria detailed in the methods. Cross-sectional studies showed a negative association between emotional regulation and overeating behavior that was confirmed by longitudinal studies. These findings highlighted the role of maladaptive emotion regulation on overeating and being overweight. The relationship between these constructs in children and adolescents was consistent. The results indicated the complexity of this association, which would be influenced by many physiological, psychological, and social factors. These findings underline the need for further studies focused on emotion regulation in the development of overeating. They should analyze the mediation role of other variables (e.g., attachment style, peer pressure) and identify interventions to prevent and reduce worldwide overweight prevalence.

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Measurements of Tendon Movement Within the Bicipital Groove After Suprapectoral Intra-articular Biceps Tenodesis in a Cadaveric Model

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/2325967120977538 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 232596712097753

Author(s):

Brian J. Kelly ◽

Alan W. Reynolds ◽

Patrick J. Schimoler ◽

Alexander Kharlamov ◽

Mark Carl Miller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biceps Tendon ◽

Full Range ◽

Elbow Flexion ◽

Biceps Tenodesis ◽

Bicipital Groove ◽

Biceps Tenotomy ◽

Flexion Extension ◽

Before And After ◽

Long Head ◽

Scapular Motion

Background: Lesions of the long head of the biceps can be successfully treated with biceps tenotomy or tenodesis when surgical management is elected. The advantage of a tenodesis is that it prevents the potential development of a cosmetic deformity or cramping muscle pain. Proponents of a subpectoral tenodesis believe that “groove pain” may remain a problem after suprapectoral tenodesis as a result of persistent motion of the tendon within the bicipital groove. Purpose/Hypothesis: To evaluate the motion of the biceps tendon within the bicipital groove before and after a suprapectoral intra-articular tenodesis. The hypothesis was that there would be minimal to no motion of the biceps tendon within the bicipital groove after tenodesis. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Six fresh-frozen cadaveric arms were dissected to expose the long head of the biceps tendon as well as the bicipital groove. Inclinometers and fiducials (optical markers) were used to measure the motions of the scapula, forearm, and biceps tendon through a full range of shoulder and elbow motions. A suprapectoral biceps tenodesis was then performed, and the motions were repeated. The motion of the biceps tendon was quantified as a function of scapular or forearm motion in each plane, both before and after the tenodesis. Results: There was minimal motion of the native biceps tendon during elbow flexion and extension but significant motion during all planes of scapular motion before tenodesis, with the most motion occurring during shoulder flexion-extension (20.73 ± 8.21 mm). The motion of the biceps tendon after tenodesis was significantly reduced during every plane of scapular motion compared with the native state ( P < .01 in all planes of motion), with a maximum motion of only 1.57 mm. Conclusion: There was a statistically significant reduction in motion of the biceps tendon in all planes of scapular motion after the intra-articular biceps tenodesis. The motion of the biceps tendon within the bicipital groove was essentially eliminated after the suprapectoral biceps tenodesis. Clinical Relevance: This arthroscopic suprapectoral tenodesis technique can significantly reduce motion of the biceps tendon within the groove in this cadaveric study, possibly reducing the likelihood of groove pain in the clinical setting.

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Clinical findings in C5-C6 and C5-C7 root palsies with brachial plexus traction lesions

Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) ◽

10.1177/1753193412471009 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 237-241 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

J. A. Bertelli ◽

M. F. Ghizoni

Keyword(s):

Brachial Plexus ◽

External Rotation ◽

Elbow Flexion ◽

Clinical Findings ◽

Hand Strength ◽

Shoulder Abduction ◽

Finger Extension ◽

Root Injury ◽

Flexion Extension

Stretch injuries of the C5-C7 roots of the brachial plexus traditionally have been associated with palsies of shoulder abduction/external rotation, elbow flexion/extension, and wrist, thumb, and finger extension. Based on current myotome maps we hypothesized that, as far as motion is concerned, palsies involving C5-C6 and C5-C7 root injuries should be similar. In 38 patients with upper-type palsies of the brachial plexus, we examined for correlations between clinical findings and root injury level, as documented by CT tomomyeloscan. Contrary to commonly held beliefs, C5-C7 root injuries were not associated with loss of extension of the elbow, wrist, thumb, or fingers, but residual hand strength was much lower with C5-C7 vs C5-C6 lesions.

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EXPRESS: The effect of low frequency equalisation on preference and sensorimotor synchronisation in music

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology ◽

10.1177/17470218211037145 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 174702182110371

Author(s):

Scott Beveridge ◽

Estefanía Cano ◽

Steffen A. Herff

Keyword(s):

Body Movement ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Empirical Support ◽

Processing Technique ◽

Original Version ◽

Upper Body ◽

Signal Processing Technique ◽

Band Energy ◽

Sensorimotor Synchronisation ◽

Specific Frequency

Equalisation, a signal processing technique commonly used to shape the sound of music, is defined as the adjustment of the energy in specific frequency components of a signal. In this work we investigate the effects of equalisation on preference and sensorimotor synchronisation in music. Twenty-one participants engaged in a goal-directed upper body movement in synchrony with stimuli equalised in three low-frequency sub-bands (0 - 50 Hz, 50 - 100 Hz, 100 - 200 Hz). To quantify the effect of equalisation, music features including spectral flux, pulse clarity, and beat confidence were extracted from seven differently equalised versions of music tracks - one original and six manipulated versions for each music track. These music tracks were then used in a movement synchronisation task. Bayesian mixed effects models revealed different synchronisation behaviours in response to the three sub-bands considered. Boosting energy in the 100 - 200 Hz sub-band reduced synchronisation performance irrespective of the sub-band energy of the original version. An energy boost in the 0 - 50 Hz band resulted in increased synchronisation performance only when the sub-band energy of the original version was high. An energy boost in the 50 - 100 Hz band increased synchronisation performance only when the sub-band energy of the original version was low. Boosting the energy in any of the three subbands increased preference regardless of the energy of the original version. Our results provide empirical support for the importance of low-frequency information for sensorimotor synchronisation and suggest that the effect of equalisation on preference and synchronisation are largely independent of one another.

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