scholarly journals Time Distribution of Strong Seismic Events in the Fore-Sudetic Monocline in Context of Signals Registered by Water-Tube Gauges in Książ Geodynamic Laboratory

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1603
Author(s):  
Marek Kaczorowski ◽  
Damian Kasza ◽  
Ryszard Zdunek ◽  
Roman Wronowski
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
Homogeneous Field ◽  
Water Tube ◽  
Vertical Displacements ◽  
Time Relation ◽  
Tectonic Forces

Changes in the stress field in Świebodzice Depression (ŚU) unit area are the reason of complex kinematics of the rock blocks consisting of rotations and horizontal/vertical displacements. The measurement system of the Geodynamic Laboratory in Książ, associated with rock blocks which are separated by faults, is a natural detector of tectonic activity. Installed in laboratory long water-tube gauges allowing to determine the functions of tectonic activity—TAF, and their derivatives. A comparison of the TAF with the seismic activity of the Fore-Sudetic Monocline showed that the strong seismic shocks (magnitude ≥3.6) occur in the Monocline only during defined and repeatable phases of the kinematic activity of the ŚU. Observed concordance proves the thesis of the existence of a large-scale, and largely homogeneous field of tectonic forces which, at the same time, cover the ŚU and the Fore-Sudetic Monocline units. The results of comparison between seismic events temporal distribution and phases of tectonic activity of the ŚU orogen indicate existence of the time relation between function of derivative of the tectonic activity (TAF) and seismic events.

scholarly journals Large Evaporite Provinces: Geothermal rather than Solar Origin?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanjie Qin ◽  
Chunan Tang ◽  
Xiying Zhang ◽  
Tiantian Chen ◽  
Xiangjun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Driving Mechanism ◽  
Solar Origin ◽  
Tectonically Active ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Thermal Influence ◽  
The Masses

Abstract Large evaporite provinces (LEPs) represent prodigious volumes of evaporites widely developed from the Sinian to Neogene. The reasons why they often quickly develop on a large scale with large areas and thicknesses remain enigmatic. Possible causes range from warming from above to heating from below. The fact that the salt deposits in most salt-bearing basins occur mainly in the Sinian-Cambrian, Permian-Triassic, Jurassic-Cretaceous, and Miocene intervals favours a dominantly tectonic origin rather than a solar driving mechanism. Here, we analysed the spatio-temporal distribution of evaporites based on 138 evaporitic basins and found that throughout the Phanerozoiceon, LEPs occurred across the Earth’s surface in most salt-bearing basins, especially in areas with an evolutionary history of strong tectonic activity. The masses of evaporites, rates of evaporite formation, tectonic movements, and large igneous provinces (LIPs) synergistically developed in the Sinian-Cambrian, Permian, Jurassic-Cretaceous, and Miocene intervals, which are considered to be four of the warmest times since the Sinian. We realize that salt accumulation can proceed without solar energy and can generally be linked to geothermal changes in tectonically active zones. When climatic factors are involved, they may be manifestations of the thermal influence of the crust on the surface.

scholarly journals Large Evaporite Provinces: Geothermal rather than Solar Origin?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanjie Qin ◽  
Chunan Tang ◽  
Xiying Zhang ◽  
Tiantian Chen ◽  
Xiangjun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Driving Mechanism ◽  
Solar Origin ◽  
Tectonically Active ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Thermal Influence ◽  
The Masses

Abstract Large evaporite provinces (LEPs) represent prodigious volumes of evaporites widely developed from the Sinian to Neogene. The reasons why they often quickly develop on a large scale with large areas and thicknesses remain enigmatic. Possible causes range from warming from above to heating from below. The fact that the salt deposits in most salt-bearing basins occur mainly in the Sinian-Cambrian, Permian-Triassic, Jurassic-Cretaceous, and Miocene intervals favours a dominantly tectonic origin rather than a solar driving mechanism. Here, we analysed the spatio-temporal distribution of evaporites based on 138 evaporitic basins and found that throughout the Phanerozoiceon, LEPs occurred across the Earth’s surface in most salt-bearing basins, especially in areas with an evolutionary history of strong tectonic activity. The masses of evaporites, rates of evaporite formation, tectonic movements, and large igneous provinces (LIPs) synergistically developed in the Sinian-Cambrian, Permian, Jurassic-Cretaceous, and Miocene intervals, which are considered to be four of the warmest times since the Sinian. We realize that salt accumulation can proceed without solar energy and can generally be linked to geothermal changes in tectonically active zones. When climatic factors are involved, they may be manifestations of the thermal influence of the crust on the surface.

scholarly journals Large Evaporite Provinces: Geothermal rather than Solar Origin?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanjie Qin ◽  
Chunan Tang ◽  
Xiying Zhang ◽  
Tiantian Chen ◽  
Xiangjun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Driving Mechanism ◽  
Solar Origin ◽  
Tectonically Active ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Thermal Influence ◽  
The Masses

Abstract Large evaporite provinces (LEPs) represent prodigious volumes of evaporites widely developed from the Sinian to Neogene. The reasons why they often quickly develop on a large scale with large areas and thicknesses remain enigmatic. Possible causes range from warming from above to heating from below. The fact that the salt deposits in most salt-bearing basins occur mainly in the Sinian-Cambrian, Permian-Triassic, Jurassic-Cretaceous, and Miocene intervals favours a dominantly tectonic origin rather than a solar driving mechanism. Here, we analysed the spatio-temporal distribution of evaporites based on 138 evaporitic basins and found that throughout the Phanerozoiceon, LEPs occurred across the Earth’s surface in most salt-bearing basins, especially in areas with an evolutionary history of strong tectonic activity. The masses of evaporites, rates of evaporite formation, tectonic movements, and large igneous provinces (LIPs) synergistically developed in the Sinian-Cambrian, Permian, Jurassic-Cretaceous, and Miocene intervals, which are considered to be four of the warmest times since the Sinian. We realize that salt accumulation can proceed without solar energy and can generally be linked to geothermal changes in tectonically active zones. When climatic factors are involved, they may be manifestations of the thermal influence of the crust on the surface.

Wavelet analysis of the temporal-spatial distribution in the Eurasia seismic belt

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (03) ◽  
pp. 1750018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenfeng Zheng ◽  
Xiaolu Li ◽  
Lirong Yin ◽  
Zhengtong Yin ◽  
Bo Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fault Zone ◽  
Compact Support ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Seismic Energy ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Earthquake Activity ◽  
Seismic Zone ◽  
Seismic Belt ◽  
Earthquake Fault

Due to the growing frequency of earthquakes, safeties of human lives and properties are facing serious threats. However, the research in the field of spatial-temporal distribution of earthquake is quite a few. In this paper, we use wavelet model to analyze the spatial-temporal distribution of earthquakes. Because the spatial-temporal distribution of earthquake activity is closely related to the distribution of the earthquake fault zone, we analyze large-scale earthquake clusters by selecting the Eurasia seismic belt and the surrounding region as the research area. From the perspective of the time domain, the results show that the seismic energy of the earthquake fault zone presences compact support or similar compact support distribution, suggesting that the seismic zone exists a relatively quiet period and active stage. This indicate that the seismic zone is periodical. The period of strong earthquakes above normal and less than normal is different by time changes. The cycles of earthquakes are different due to different regions and different geological and geographical environment.

scholarly journals Seismic activity in the focus of the Uglegorsk earthquakes, Sakhalin Island in relevance to intensive development of coal deposits

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Kostylev ◽  
Natalya Boginskaya ◽  
Alexander Zakupin
Keyword(s):  
Brown Coal ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Seismic Activity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Sakhalin Island ◽  
Corner Frequency ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
Velocity Spectrum ◽  
Human Engineering

Abstract Induced seismicity is an increase in seismic activity caused by the human engineering. An example of such activity is the mineral exploration, large water reservoirs construction, exploitation of underground oil and gas storages, etc. The authors studied the seismicity in the Uglegorsky district of Sakhalin region, where the Solntsevskoye brown coal field is located, which is the most promising in the island. Its area is over 100 sq. km, and productive strata of the Verkhneduiskaya formation with a thickness of up to 600 m contains 12 coal seams, 8 of which are working. Active mining of brown coal is carried out at the Solntsevsky coal mine, and blasting operations are performed on a large scale, that, as a result, does not exclude the relation of the seismic process to technogenic seismicity. The earthquake recurrence curves for two decades beginning from 2000 to the present were constructed in the work to compare the characteristics of the seismic regime in the studied area. The difference in the slope angle of recurrence graph during the period of 2011-2020 (the period of the most active development of the Solntsevsky coal mine) from the previous decade is quite significant. The maps of spatiotemporal distribution of seismic events epicenters in the vicinity of Solntsevsky coal mine are constructed. The contraction of zones of seismic events concentration to the mining areas, first of all to the Solntsevsky coal mine, have been found. Such a combination allows us to talk about an increase in seismicity of the region during the last years and change in its character from the natural to a mixed natural and technogenic. The focal mechanisms of the largest earthquakes occurred in the Uglegorsky district have been constructed in order to prove the change in seismicity character and reasons for the earthquake occurrence in the studied area. The mechanisms of seismic events of 2020 are classified as strike-slip faults, that is not character for the most earthquakes on the territory of Sakhalin Island. The authors made an attempt to determine the regularities of the parameters of the produced blasts and earthquakes through dynamic parameters of the seismic events foci by means of studying the frequency content of earthquakes and blasts in order to determine a corner frequency from the focal velocity spectrum.

scholarly journals Mapping Stress and Structure From Subducting Slab to Magmatic Rift: Crustal Seismic Anisotropy of the North Island, New Zealand

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Finnigan Illsley-Kemp ◽  
Martha Savage ◽  
Colin Wilson ◽  
S Bannister
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Stress Field ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Seismic Anisotropy ◽  
Taupo Volcanic Zone ◽  
Volcanic Zone ◽  
The North ◽  
Magma Reservoirs ◽  
Tectonic Forces ◽  
Subducting Slab

© 2019. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. We use crustal seismic anisotropy measurements in the North Island, New Zealand, to examine structures and stress within the Taupō Volcanic Zone, the Taranaki Volcanic Lineament, the subducting Hikurangi slab, and the Hikurangi forearc. Results in the Taranaki region are consistent with NW-SE oriented extension yet suggest that the Taranaki volcanic lineament may be controlled by a deep-rooted, inherited crustal structure. In the central Taupō Volcanic Zone anisotropy fast orientations are predominantly controlled by continental rifting. However at Taupō and Okataina volcanoes, fast orientations are highly variable and radial to the calderas suggesting the influence of magma reservoirs in the seismogenic crust (≤15 km depth). The subducting Hikurangi slab has a predominant trench-parallel fast orientation, reflecting the pervasive presence of plate-bending faults, yet changing orientations at depths ≥120 km beneath the central North Island may be relics from previous subduction configurations. Finally, results from the southern Hikurangi forearc show that the orientation of stresses there is consistent with those in the underlying subducting slab. In contrast, the northern Hikurangi forearc is pervasively fractured and is undergoing E-W compression, oblique to the stress field in the subducting slab. The north-south variation in fore-arc stress is likely related to differing subduction-interface coupling. Across the varying tectonic regimes of the North Island our study highlights that large-scale tectonic forces tend to dictate the orientation of stress and structures within the crust, although more localized features (plate coupling, magma reservoirs, and inherited crustal structures) can strongly influence surface magmatism and the crustal stress field.

Analisys of mud inrush water sources into underground working of the Sokolovskoe ore deposit

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-67
Author(s):  
E. Yu. Efremov
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
High Water ◽  
The North ◽  
Initial Block ◽  
Groundwater Supply ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Inrush Water

There is a serious threat of groundwater inrush from overlying sedimentary layers for underground mining. When ore is extracted using block caving method, the area of overburden collapse over ore zone disrupts the natural structure of high hydraulic-conductivity and low hydraulic-conductivity layers. This process creates conditions for the accumulation and transfer of groundwater to mine workings, which lead to accidents, up to disastrous proportions. The research aim is to determine the spatio-temporal distribution of mud inrushes, and to identify groundwater supply sources of inrushes to reduce the geotechnical risks of underground mining in Sokolovskaya mine. Research methods include localization, classification, and analysis of monitoring data, comparison of mud inrushes distribution with geostatistical parameters of the main aquifers.The majority of large-scale accidents caused by mud inrushes are confined to the central and northern area of caved rock zone. The most risky stage of the ore body extraction is the initial block at the lower extraction level. The sources of water supply for the majority of the mud inrushes are high water level areas of the Cretaceous aquifer to the north and west of the mine. Rational targeted drainage aimed at draining the identified areas of the aquifer is the best way to reduce the risk of accidents.

Hydrofractures and crustal-scale fluid flow

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Bons ◽  
Tamara de Riese ◽  
Enrique Gomez-Rivas ◽  
Isaac Naaman ◽  
Till Sachau
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Field Evidence ◽  
Dehydration Reactions ◽  
Matrix Flow ◽  
Matrix Porosity ◽  
Fluid Sources

<p>Fluids can circulate in all levels of the crust, as veins, ore deposits and chemical alterations and isotopic shifts indicate. It is furthermore generally accepted that faults and fractures play a central role as preferred fluid conduits. Fluid flow is, however, not only passively reacting to the presence of faults and fractures, but actively play a role in their creation, (re-) activation and sealing by mineral precipitates. This means that the interaction between fluid flow and fracturing is a two-way process, which is further controlled by tectonic activity (stress field), fluid sources and fluxes, as well as the availability of alternative fluid conduits, such as matrix porosity. Here we explore the interaction between matrix permeability and dynamic fracturing on the spatial and temporal distribution of fluid flow for upward fluid fluxes. Envisaged fluid sources can be dehydration reactions, release of igneous fluids, or release of fluids due to decompression or heating.</p><p> </p><p>Our 2D numerical cellular automaton-type simulations span the whole range from steady matrix-flow to highly dynamical flow through hydrofractures. Hydrofractures are initiated when matrix flow is insufficient to maintain fluid pressures below the failure threshold. When required fluid fluxes are high and/or matrix porosity low, flow is dominated by hydrofractures and the system exhibits self-organised critical phenomena. The size of fractures achieves a power-law distribution, as failure events may sometimes trigger avalanche-like amalgamation of hydrofractures. By far most hydrofracture events only lead to local fluid flow pulses within the source area. Conductive fracture networks do not develop if hydrofractures seal relatively quickly, which can be expected in deeper crustal levels. Only the larger events span the whole system and actually drain fluid from the system. We present the 10 square km hydrothermal Hidden Valley Mega-Breccia on the Paralana Fault System in South Australia as a possible example of large-scale fluid expulsion events. Although field evidence suggests that the breccia formed over a period of at least 150 Myrs, actual cumulative fluid duration may rather have been in the order of days only. This example illustrates the extreme dynamics that crustal-scale fluid flow in hydrofractures can achieve.</p>

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF FACTORS INFLUENCING REPORTED HOUSING MAINTENANCE COSTS IN SWEDEN’S PUBLIC AND PRIVATE RENTAL SECTORS

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Gonza MUYINGO
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Rental Housing ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Rental Housing ◽  
Private And Public

The reported maintenance costs per unit area within the public rental housing sector in Sweden are consistently higher than those within the private rental sector. This paper uses crosssectional panel data analysis as well as a questionnaire survey sent to 196 managers in the private and public housing sectors to identify the factors that might explain this divergence. The findings indicate that “fundamental” factors such as the age of the houses or the composition of the tenants cannot explain the observed difference. However how the activities are classified and the timing of the measures are factors that can. The conclusions from the study are that the public companies should act more as the private sector in their accounting; wait longer than they currently do before carrying out some renovations; and that they should be more stringent when determining the resources to spend on large-scale maintenance and/or renovation projects.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Process Gases within Municipal Biowaste Compost

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stegenta ◽  
Sobieraj ◽  
Pilarski ◽  
Koziel ◽  
Białowiec
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
O2 Evolution ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Process Gas ◽  
Process Gases

Composting processes reduce the weight and volume of biowaste and produce products that can be used in agriculture (e.g., as fertilizer). Despite the benefits of composting, there are also problems such as odors and the emission of pollutants into the atmosphere. This research aimed to investigate the phenomenon of process gas (CO, CO2, NO, O2) evolution within a large-scale municipal composter. The effects of turning frequency and pile location (outdoor vs. indoors) on process gas and temperature spatial and temporal evolution were studied in six piles (37‒81 tons of initial weight) over a six-month period. The biowaste consisted of green waste and municipal sewage sludge. The chemical composition and temperature of process gases within four cross sections with seven sampling locations were analyzed weekly for ~7–8 weeks (a total of 1375 cross sections). The aeration degree, temperature, CO, CO2, and NO concentration and their spatial and temporal distribution were analyzed. Final weight varied from 66% reduction to 7% weight gain. Only 8.2% of locations developed the desired chimney effect (utilizing natural buoyancy to facilitate passive aeration). Only 31.1% of locations reached thermophilic conditions (necessary to inactivate pathogens). Lower O2 levels corresponded with elevated CO2 concentrations. CO production increased in the initial composting phase. Winter piles were characterized by the lowest CO content. The most varied was the NO distribution in all conditions. The O2 concentration was lowest in the central part of the pile, and aeration conditions were good regardless of the technological regime used. Turning once a week was sufficient overall. Based on the results, the most favorable recommended procedure is turning twice a week for the first two weeks, followed by weekly turning for the next two weeks. After that, turning can be stopped unless additional removal of moisture is needed. In this case, weekly turning should continue until the process is completed. The size of the pile should follow the surface-to-volume ratio: <2.5 and <2 for cooler ambient conditions.

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