scholarly journals Bandwidth Optimization of a Textile PIFA with DGS Using Characteristic Mode Analysis

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2516
Author(s):  
Bashar Bahaa Qas Elias ◽  
Ping Jack Soh ◽  
Azremi Abdullah Al-Hadi ◽  
Prayoot Akkaraekthalin ◽  
Guy A. E. Vandenbosch
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Body Area Network ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mode Analysis ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Defected Ground Structure ◽  
Characteristic Mode ◽  
Antenna Structure ◽  
Rectangular Patch ◽  
Conventional Optimization

This work presents the design and optimization of an antenna with defected ground structure (DGS) using characteristic mode analysis (CMA) to enhance bandwidth. This DGS is integrated with a rectangular patch with circular meandered rings (RPCMR) in a wearable format fully using textiles for wireless body area network (WBAN) application. For this integration process, both CMA and the method of moments (MoM) were applied using the same electromagnetic simulation software. This work characterizes and estimates the final shape and dimensions of the DGS using the CMA method, aimed at enhancing antenna bandwidth. The optimization of the dimensions and shape of the DGS is simplified, as the influence of the substrates and excitation is first excluded. This optimizes the required time and resources in the design process, in contrast to the conventional optimization approaches made using full wave “trial and error” simulations on a complete antenna structure. To validate the performance of the antenna on the body, the specific absorption rate is studied. Simulated and measured results indicate that the proposed antenna meets the requirements of wideband on-body operation.

scholarly journals A Review of Energy Efficiency in Wireless Body Area/Sensor Networks, With Emphasis on MAC Protocol

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ogheneochuko Ubrurhe ◽  
Nigel Houlden ◽  
Peter S. Excell
Keyword(s):  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Wireless Body Area Network ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
The Body ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Body Area ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Body Area Sensor Networks ◽  
Wireless Medium

The increasing use of wireless communication and the continuous miniaturisation of electronics devices have brought about the concept of Wireless Body Area Network (WBANs). In these types of networks, the sensor node operates in close proximity to the body and also the wireless nature of the system presents various novel, real-time and new methods to improve health care delivery. The sensor is capable of measuring any parameter which it has been designed to read, for example the heartrate and the body temperature. This paper presents a review of the concept of WBANs with a focus on the mechanism of data communication over the wireless medium. Further, it examines ways to power such devices, in particular focusing on minimisation of energy requirements, thereby reducing maintenance demands and contributing to making the environment ‘greener’.

scholarly journals E-PAP: Enhanced Priority Aware Protocol for Reliable Communication in Wireless Body Area Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 340-343
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Wireless Body Area Network ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Body Area Network ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Body Area

Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is a collection of miniaturized sensing nodes and coordinator nodes. These sensing nodes are placed in, on and around the body for uninterrupted monitoring of physiological data for medical applications. The main application carrier of WBAN is the human body and due to human body movement and physiological changes, the WBAN traffic fluctuates greatly. This network traffic fluctuation requires good network adaptability. In addition to traffic fluctuations, energy consumption is another key problem with WBANs as sensing nodes are very small in size. This paper design a reliable protocol by extending the MAC protocol for reducing energy consumption, PAP algorithm to decide data transmission rate and JOAR algorithm to select the optimize path for the data transmission. The performance of the algorithm outperforms other state of art algorithms to shows its significance.

scholarly journals Design and architecture of wireless body area network using android application

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Kumar Keshamoni
Keyword(s):  
Web Site ◽  
Wireless Body Area Network ◽  
The Body ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Sensing Element ◽  
Bluetooth Low Energy ◽  
Area Unit ◽  
Real Time Information ◽  
The Web

Patients in hospitals have issue with health instrumentality that's connected with wires to their body. Wired health instrumentality restricts the quality of the patient. Moreover, health caretaker’s area unit compelled to work the instrumentality and take the measurements. Hence, wireless observance of patient is incredibly effective resolution thereto drawback. The most target of this study was to analysis the present trend and prospect of wireless observance of patients within the hospitals. This study conjointly aims to create the epitome system to implement wireless observance. Additionally to that, this thesis conjointly studies most fitted technique for building the foremost effective wireless observance system. The sensing element nodes and receiver of the epitome were designed. Golem phone was used as entranceway to receive the information from sensing element node and forward the information into receiver. Bluetooth Low energy was wont to communicate between sensing element nodes and golem phone. LAN is employed to speak between golem phone and also the receiver that is connected to laptop. The sensing element readings were initially ascertained in Arduino Serial Monitor so sent to sink node. The sensing element readings of a body were displayed in golem phone and yet as within the web site. Real time information of sensing element was created and with success updated within the web site. The study of results and project showed that wireless observance would be terribly effective by exploitation Interference free, short vary and extremely secure suggests that of communication. Bluetooth low energy that is appropriate choice for the system. Style of sensing element nodes ought to be terribly tiny as a result of it's to be worn round the body. Therefore smaller parts ought to be used.

scholarly journals Investigation on Wearable Antenna under Different Bending Conditions for Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ismahayati Adam ◽  
Muhammad Ramlee Kamarudin ◽  
Ali H. Rambe ◽  
Norshakila Haris ◽  
Hasliza A. Rahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Return Loss ◽  
Coupling Effect ◽  
Ground Plane ◽  
Wireless Body Area Network ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Radiation Characteristics ◽  
Antenna Structure ◽  
Wearable Antenna ◽  
Operating Frequency Range ◽  
Textile Antenna

This paper analysed the effects of bending on the performance of a textile antenna wherein the antenna under test was made of felt substrate for both industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band and WBAN applications at 2.45 GHz. Moreover, the conductive material was used for the patch, and the ground plane used a 0.17 mm Shieldit textile. Meanwhile, the antenna structure was in the form of rectangular, with a line patch in between elements to abate the mutual coupling effect. The measured operating frequency range of the antenna spanned from 2.33 GHz to 2.5 GHz with a gain of 4.7 dBi at 2.45 GHz. In this paper, the antenna robustness was examined by bending the structure on different radii and degrees along both X- and Y-axis. Next, the effects on return loss, bandwidth, isolation, and radiation characteristics were analysed. This paper also discovered that the antenna’s performance remained acceptable as it was deformed, and the measured results agreed well with the simulation.

scholarly journals Design and Fabrication of a Novel Quadruple-Band Monopole Antenna Using a U-DGS and Open-Loop-Ring Resonators

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Boutejdar ◽  
M. Challal ◽  
S. D. Bennani ◽  
F. Mouhouche ◽  
K. Djafri
Keyword(s):  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Wireless Local Area Network ◽  
Local Area Network ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Ring Resonators ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Defected Ground Structure ◽  
Total Size ◽  
Antenna Structure ◽  
Loop Ring

In this Article, a novel quadruple-band microstrip patch antenna is proposed for the systems operating at quad-band applications. The antenna structure is composed of modified rectangular patch antenna with a U-shaped defected ground structure (DGS) unit and two parasitic elements (open-loop-ring resonators) to serve as a coupling-bridge. The proposed antenna with a total size of 31×33 mm2 is fabricated and tested. The measured result indicates that the designed antenna has impedance bandwidths for 10 dB return loss reach about 180 MHz (4.4–4.58 GHz), 200 MHz (5.4–5.6 GHz), 1100 MHz (7.2–8.3 GHz), and 700 MHz (9.6–10.3 GHz), which meet the requirements of the wireless local area network (WLAN), worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX), C and X bands applications. Good agreement is obtained between measurement and simulation results.

Wrist Module as an Applied Health Monitoring System in Wireless Body Area Network System

2016 ◽  
Vol 833 ◽  
pp. 185-189
Author(s):  
Nur Alia Athirah Mohtadzar ◽  
Shigeru Takayama
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Wireless Body Area Network ◽  
The Body ◽  
Network System ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Body Area ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
Health Monitoring System ◽  
Lack Of Exercise ◽  
Type Of Exercise

Exercise intensity is classified into vigorous, moderate and low type of exercise intensity. They are classified based upon the amount of energy used by the body while doing the activity. Vigorous or over exercise may leads to over tiredness and physical problem while low or lack of exercise may leads to unhealthy lifestyle. Therefore, moderate exercise or regular physical activity in daily life helps to improve overall health and fitness and reduces the risk for many chronic diseases.

Design, Measurements, and Analysis of Enhanced Bandwidth UWB

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-158
Author(s):  
Raghvendra Singh ◽  
Kanad Ray ◽  
Preecha Yupapin ◽  
Jalil Ali
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Body Area Network ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Body Area ◽  
The Past ◽  
Military Systems ◽  
Healthcare Monitoring ◽  
Tracking Devices ◽  
Ambient Computing

Ambient computing enabled for body area networks have received much consideration over the past couple of years due to its applications in biomedical, healthcare monitoring, and military systems. Such systems are attracting users in other applications like gaming, fitness, sports, and other life style tools. The fast-moving lifestyle of people impelled them in a situation of less consideration of their health and sports, and it generated the need of healthcare monitoring and tracking devices. Advances in wireless technology and embedded technology have generated keen interest in antenna, mounted on or around the body to transmit or receive the vital data of human body to on-body or off-body systems. The proposed antenna is for the use in wireless body area network (WBAN), in UWB frequency range 3.1 GHz.-10.6 GHz. Enhanced bandwidth ultra wideband (EB-UWB) patch antenna consists of the dimensions 30 mm×27 mm×1.6 mm. The prototype is fabricated and tested in free space and on-body scenario.

Minimizing path loss and improving security in wireless body area networks

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Kumar Anguraj ◽  
Abul Bashar ◽  
R. Nidhya ◽  
P.K. Shimna ◽  
Renjith V. Ravi
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Wireless Body Area Network ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Sink Node ◽  
Body Area ◽  
Content Type

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is energy consumption and security. To extend the sensor’s life span, saving the energy in a sensor is important. In this paper, biosensors are implanted or suited on the human body, and then, transposition has been applied for biosensors for reducing the sensor distance from the sink node. After transposition path loss has been calculated, security is maintained and also compared the results with the existing strategies.Design/methodology/approachNowadays, one of the most emergent technologies is wireless body area network (WBAN), which represents to improve the quality of life and also allow for monitoring the remote patient and other health-care applications. Traffic routing plays a main role together with the relay nodes, which is used to collect the biosensor’s information and send it towards the sink.FindingsTo calculate the distance and observe the position, Euclidean distance technique is used. Path loss is the main parameter, which is needed to reduce for making better data transmission and to make the network stability. Routing protocols can be designed, with the help of proposed values of sensors locations in the human body, which gives good stability of network and lifetime. It helps to achieve as the less deplete energy.Originality/valueThis scheme is compared with the two existing schemes and shows the result in terms of parameter path loss. Moreover, this paper evaluated a new method for improving the security in WBAN. The main goal of this research is to find the optimal sensor location on the body and select the biosensor positions where they can get less energy while transmitting the data to the sink node, increasing the life span in biosensors, decreasing memory space, giving security, controlling the packet complexity and buffer overflow and also fixing the damages in the existing system.

scholarly journals Multi-Objective Optimization of a Wireless Body Area Network for Varying Body Positions

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 3406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Januszkiewicz ◽  
Paolo Di Barba ◽  
Sławomir Hausman
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Body Area Network ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Wireless Channel ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Evolutionary Strategy ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Body Area

The purpose of this research was to improve the performance of a wireless body area sensor network, operating on a person in the seated and standing positions. Optimization-focused on both the on-body transmission channel and off-body link performance. The system consists of three nodes. One node (on the user’s head) is fixed, while the positions of the other two (one on the user’s trunk and the other on one leg) with respect to the body (local coordinates) are design variables. The objective function used in the design process is characterized by two components: the first controls the wireless channel for on-body data transmission between the three sensor nodes, while the second controls the off-body transmission between the nodes and a remote transceiver. The optimal design procedure exploits a low-cost Estra, which is an evolutionary strategy optimization algorithm linked with Remcom XFdtd, a full-wave Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) electromagnetic field analysis package. The Pareto-like approach applied in this study searches for a non-dominated solution that gives the best compromise between on-body and off-body performance.

scholarly journals Algorithm for the Fewest Arms Required by Multi-Band Linear Dipole Antenna

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Dipole Antenna ◽  
Mode Analysis ◽  
Dipole Antennas ◽  
Characteristic Mode ◽  
Antenna Structure ◽  
Band Characteristic ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Linear Dipole ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Multi Band

Small linear dipole antennas with a multi-band characteristic are necessary for many strip or bar shaped gateway devices of the Internet of Things (IoT), for the connectivity in various communication protocols. However, the conventional methodology of designing multi-band dipole antennas is generally empirically based. More frequency bands usually mean even more arms/slots, which results in an increasingly bulky antenna. In this paper, we will introduce an algorithm of using the fewest arms to design a multi-band linear dipole antenna. This algorithm is based on sharing arms after the effective ranges of mode excitation are determined by characteristic mode analysis (CMA). By this algorithm, an exemplified designed penta-band dipole antenna is effective in covering 433, 868, 1176, 1575, and 2450 MHz bands for LPWAN, GNSS, and ISM applications, with only 2.5 pairs of arms. 50% of arms are reduced in comparison to traditional methods. This algorithm is convenient in practical dipole antenna design, and greatly simplifies the antenna structure so that they could be mounted into small IoT devices.

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