scholarly journals A Review on Low-Cost Microwave Doppler Radar Systems for Structural Health Monitoring

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2612
Author(s):  
Davi V. Q. Rodrigues ◽  
Changzhi Li
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Doppler Radar ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
Structural Condition ◽  
Target Velocity ◽  
Radar Sensor Networks ◽  
Structural Health ◽  
Radar Systems ◽  
Technical Advances

Portable, low-cost, microwave radars have attracted researchers’ attention for being an alternative noncontact solution for structural condition monitoring. In addition, by leveraging their capability of providing the target velocity information, the radar-based remote monitoring of complex rotating structures can also be accomplished. Modern radar systems are compact, able to be easily integrated in sensor networks, and can deliver high accuracy measurements. This paper reviews the recent technical advances in low-cost Doppler radar systems for phase-demodulated displacement measurements and time-Doppler analysis for structural health information, including digital signal processing and emerging applications related to radar sensor networks.

Decentralized NExT/ERA and RDT/ERA System Identification in Wireless Smart Sensor Networks

2012 ◽  
Vol 204-208 ◽  
pp. 4946-4951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ding Yu Cui ◽  
Ke Gui Xin ◽  
Billie F. Spencer ◽  
Yu Fei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
System Identification ◽  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Mode Shapes ◽  
Smart Sensor ◽  
Structural Health ◽  
Random Decrement Technique

Wireless smart sensor networks (WSSN) have many advances compared with traditional structural health monitoring (SHM) such as wireless process, real-time calculation and low cost. However power consumption is considered as one of the most limitations in this field. The unique features offered by decentralized data aggregation (DDA) technique with the potential to overcome power consumption enable implementation of the dense array of WSSN on large structures. This paper presents a system identification of a simply supported plate based on the random decrement technique (RDT) and natural excitation technique (NExT) in combination with eigensystem realization algorithm (ERA) using Illinois Structural Health Monitoring Project (ISHMP) Services Toolsuite. Finally the system parameters including natural frequency and mode shapes are in accordance with numerical simulation showing efficacy and feasibility of decentralized NExT/ERA and RDT/ERA system identification.

scholarly journals Framework for Structural Health Monitoring of Steel Bridges by Computer Vision

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Marchewka ◽  
Patryk Ziółkowski ◽  
Victor Aguilar-Vidal
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Route Planning ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Structural Condition ◽  
Steel Bridges ◽  
Structural Health

The monitoring of a structural condition of steel bridges is an important issue. Good condition of infrastructure facilities ensures the safety and economic well-being of society. At the same time, due to the continuous development, rising wealth of the society and socio-economic integration of countries, the number of infrastructural objects is growing. Therefore, there is a need to introduce an easy-to-use and relatively low-cost method of bridge diagnostics. We can achieve these benefits by the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Based Remote Sensing and Digital Image Processing. In our study, we present a state-of-the-art framework for Structural Health Monitoring of steel bridges that involves literature review on steel bridges health monitoring, drone route planning, image acquisition, identification of visual markers that may indicate a poor condition of the structure and determining the scope of applicability. The presented framework of image processing procedure is suitable for diagnostics of steel truss riveted bridges. In our considerations, we used photographic documentation of the Fitzpatrick Bridge located in Tallassee, Alabama, USA.

scholarly journals Multi-frequency sensor for remote measurement of breath and heartbeat

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 79-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jelen ◽  
E. M. Biebl
Keyword(s):  
Doppler Radar ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Remote Measurement ◽  
Range Resolution ◽  
Radar Sensors ◽  
Pulse Radar ◽  
Radar Systems ◽  
Frequency Sensor ◽  
24 Ghz

Abstract. Remote measurement of breath and heartbeat is desirable in many situations. It avoids the discomfort resulting from electrodes applied on the skin for long-term patients or during sports acvtivities. Also, surveillance of high security areas or finding survivors of disasters are interesting applications. Common methods identify the movement of heart and thorax by using the range resolution provided by UWB pulse radar systems. In this paper a low-cost approach is presented, that is based on detection of movement by means of Doppler radar sensors. Combining three sensors working in the ISM bands at 433 MHz, 2.4 GHz and 24 GHz, the presence of persons was reliably detected and the frequency of breath and heartbeat was measured.

scholarly journals Sensor Networks in Structural Health Monitoring: From Theory to Practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Vasilis Dertimanis ◽  
Eleni Chatzi
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Structural Health ◽  
Theory To Practice

The growing attention that structural health monitoring (SHM) has enjoyed in recent years can be attributed, amongst other factors, to the advent of low-cost and easily deployable sensors [...]

scholarly journals Wireless sensor networks and structural health monitoring: Experiences with slab track infrastructures

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 155014771982600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Cañete ◽  
Jaime Chen ◽  
Manuel Díaz ◽  
Luis Llopis ◽  
Bartolomé Rubio
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Failure Detection ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Communication Architecture ◽  
Slab Track ◽  
Structural Health

Slab track systems have the potential to become a more sustainable option for high-speed railway infrastructures than traditional ballasted tracks. Traditionally, the systems that monitor these infrastructures have been costly, but advances in the last few decades have made the use of wireless sensor networks within these infrastructures a feasible solution that can be used to evaluate their degradation for failure detection and prediction. Since the cost of these systems is steadily decreasing, it is now possible to use permanent wireless sensor networks as an integral part of the overall system to pave the way for smart infrastructures that can get real-time information about the structural health of the infrastructure at a relatively low cost. In order to show the suitability of this kind of system to monitor the structural health, three demonstrators, developed in the context of the FASTRACK project, related to the design and construction of a monitoring system for slab track systems that measures vibrations and displacements in the track, are presented. FASTRACK uses an innovative approach where data read by sensors are sent to passing trains, which are used as data mules to upload the information to a remote server. On arrival at the station, the data are stored in a database, which is queried by an application to extract relevant information by means of analysis algorithms to detect and predict failures. The first real scenario tests the limits of the system under stress situations. The second one tests the system in an actual, installed slab track to analyze the suitability of the communication architecture and to study a transition zone between slab tracks to a ballast track. The last scenario deals with the data mule performance tests.

Concept and realization of a low-cost multi-target simulator for CW and FMCW radar system calibration and testing

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Scheiblhofer ◽  
Reinhard Feger ◽  
Andreas Haderer ◽  
Andreas Stelzer
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Doppler Radar ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Intermediate Frequency ◽  
Radar System ◽  
Fmcw Radar ◽  
Radar Systems ◽  
Single Target ◽  
Wave Radar

AbstractWe present the realization of an frequency-modulated continuous-wave radar target simulator, based on a modulated-reflector radar system. The simulator, designed for the 24 GHz frequency band, uses low-cost modulated-reflector nodes and is capable to simultaneously generate multiple targets in a real-time environment. The realization is based on a modular approach and thus provides a high scalability of the whole system. It is demonstrated that the concept is able to simulate multiple artificial targets, located at user-selectable ranges and even velocities, utilized within a completely static setup. The characterization of the developed hardware shows that the proposed concept allows to dynamically and precisely adjust the radar cross-section of each single target within a dynamic range of 50 dB. Additionally, the provided range-proportional target frequency bandwidth makes the system perfectly suitable for fast and reliable intermediate frequency-chain calibration of multi-channel radar systems. Within this paper we demonstrate the application of the concept for a linear sweeped frequency-modulated continuous-wave radar. The presented approach is applicable to any microwave-based measurement system using frequency differences between transmit- and receive signals for range- and velocity evaluation, such as (non-)linear sweeped as well as pure Doppler radar systems.

scholarly journals A 40 Mb/s VLC System Reusing an Existing Large LED Panel in an Indoor Office Environment

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1697
Author(s):  
Xicong Li ◽  
Zabih Ghassemlooy ◽  
Stanislav Zvánovec ◽  
Paul Anthony Haigh
Keyword(s):  
Modulation Depth ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
Visible Light Communication ◽  
Cost Driver ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Light Sources

With advances in solid-state lighting, visible light communication (VLC) has emerged as a promising technology to enhance existing light-emitting diode (LED)-based lighting infrastructure by adding data communication capabilities to the illumination functionality. The last decade has witnessed the evolution of the VLC concept through global standardisation and product launches. Deploying VLC systems typically requires replacing existing light sources with new luminaires that are equipped with data communication functionality. To save the investment, it is clearly desirable to make the most of the existing illumination systems. This paper investigates the feasibility of adding data communication functionality to the existing lighting infrastructure. We do this by designing an experimental system in an indoor environment based on an off-the-shelf LED panel typically used in office environments, with the dimensions of 60 × 60 cm2. With minor modifications, the VLC function is implemented, and all of the modules of the LED panel are fully reused. A data rate of 40 Mb/s is supported at a distance of up to 2 m while using the multi-band carrierless amplitude and phase (CAP) modulation. Two main limiting factors for achieving higher data rates are observed. The first factor is the limited bandwidth of the LED string inside the panel. The second is the flicker due to the residual ripple of the bias current that is generated by the panel’s driver. Flicker is introduced by the low-cost driver, which provides bias currents that fluctuate in the low frequency range (less than several kilohertz). This significantly reduces the transmitter’s modulation depth. Concurrently, the driver can also introduce an effect that is similar to baseline wander at the receiver if the flicker is not completely filtered out. We also proposed a solution based on digital signal processing (DSP) to mitigate the flicker issue at the receiver side and its effectiveness has been confirmed.

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