scholarly journals A New Method of Rice Moisture Content Determination Using Voxel Weighting-Based from Radio Tomography Images

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3686
Author(s):  
Nurul Amira Mohd Ramli ◽  
Mohd Hafiz Fazalul Rahiman ◽  
Latifah Munirah Kamarudin ◽  
Latifah Mohamed ◽  
Ammar Zakaria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Moisture Distribution ◽  
New Method ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Fibre Degradation ◽  
One Step ◽  
Radio Tomographic Imaging ◽  
Moisture Content Determination

This manuscript presents a new method to monitor and localize the moisture distribution in a rice silo based on tomography images. Because the rice grain is naturally hygroscopic, the stored grains’ quality depends on their level of moisture content. Higher moisture content leads to fibre degradation, making the grains too frail and possibly milled. If the moisture is too low, the grains become brittle and are susceptible to higher breakage. At present, the single-point measurement method is unreliable because the moisture build-up inside the silo might be distributed unevenly. In addition, this method mostly applies gravimetric analysis, which is destructive. Thus, we proposed a radio tomographic imaging (RTI) system to address these problems. Four simulated phantom profiles at different percentages of moisture content were reconstructed using Newton’s One-Step Error Reconstruction and Tikhonov Regularization algorithms. This simulation study utilized the relationship between the maximum voxel weighting of the reconstructed RTI image and the percentage of moisture content. The outcomes demonstrated promising results, in which the weighting voxel linearly increased with the percentage of moisture content, with a correlation coefficient higher than 0.95 was obtained. Therefore, the results support the possibility of using the RTI approach for monitoring and localizing the moisture distribution inside the rice silo.

scholarly journals RF signal calibration for improvement of 3D mapping image to locate moisture distribution in rice silo

2021 ◽  
Vol 2107 (1) ◽  
pp. 012059
Author(s):  
A A Almaleeh ◽  
A Zakaria ◽  
M H F Rahiman ◽  
Y B Abdul Rahim ◽  
L Munirah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Current Method ◽  
Moisture Distribution ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Tomographic Images ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Assurance Process ◽  
Rf Signal

Abstract Grain storage is an important part of the post-harvest quality assurance process. The moisture level of the grains during storage is one of the primary problems. The current method of measuring rice grain moisture content is based on random sampling, which is relatively localised, and there is no real-time moisture content measurement available. The RF signal was used to build a new technique for detecting moisture and its presence in rice in real-time in this paper. The mapping of an RF signal, in particular, can be transformed into volumetric tomographic images that can be used to forecast moisture distribution.

scholarly journals Inline 3D Volumetric Measurement of Moisture Content in Rice Using Regression-Based ML of RF Tomographic Imaging

Sensors ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 405
Author(s):  
Abd Alazeez Almaleeh ◽  
Ammar Zakaria ◽  
Latifah Munirah Kamarudin ◽  
Mohd Hafiz Fazalul Rahiman ◽  
David Lorater Ndzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Tomographic Imaging ◽  
Moisture Distribution ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Wireless Devices ◽  
Volumetric Measurement ◽  
Grab Sampling ◽  
Current State

The moisture content of stored rice is dependent on the surrounding and environmental factors which in turn affect the quality and economic value of the grains. Therefore, the moisture content of grains needs to be measured frequently to ensure that optimum conditions that preserve their quality are maintained. The current state of the art for moisture measurement of rice in a silo is based on grab sampling or relies on single rod sensors placed randomly into the grain. The sensors that are currently used are very localized and are, therefore, unable to provide continuous measurement of the moisture distribution in the silo. To the authors’ knowledge, there is no commercially available 3D volumetric measurement system for rice moisture content in a silo. Hence, this paper presents results of work carried out using low-cost wireless devices that can be placed around the silo to measure changes in the moisture content of rice. This paper proposes a novel technique based on radio frequency tomographic imaging using low-cost wireless devices and regression-based machine learning to provide contactless non-destructive 3D volumetric moisture content distribution in stored rice grain. This proposed technique can detect multiple levels of localized moisture distributions in the silo with accuracies greater than or equal to 83.7%, depending on the size and shape of the sample under test. Unlike other approaches proposed in open literature or employed in the sector, the proposed system can be deployed to provide continuous monitoring of the moisture distribution in silos.

scholarly journals Moisture Distribution during Water Absorption of Ordinary Portland Cement Mortars Obtained with Low-Field Unilateral Magnetic Resonance

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4279
Author(s):  
Prisciliano Felipe de Jesús Cano-Barrita ◽  
Floriberto Díaz-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Moisture Distribution ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Imaging Instrument

Moisture distribution in cement-based materials is important from the durability point of view. In the present study, a portable three-magnet array with an elliptical surface radio frequency coil was used to undertake magnetic resonance measurements of moisture content in ordinary Portland cement mortar and concrete samples. Measurements along the length of the samples during capillary water absorption produced moisture content profiles that were compared with reference profiles acquired using a magnetic resonance imaging instrument. Profiles obtained with the three-magnet array were similar in shape and in penetration depth to those acquired with magnetic resonance imaging. The correlation coefficient between the moisture content measured with both techniques was r2 = 0.97. Similar values of saturated permeability of the mortars with identical w/c ratio were computed with the Hydrus 1D software based on the moisture content profiles. Additionally, inverse Laplace transformation of the signal decays provided the water-filled pore size distribution in saturated and unsaturated regions of the samples. The three-magnet array was successfully used to acquire nuclear magnetic resonance signal from a concrete sample, which was not possible with the magnetic resonance imaging instrument using the single-point imaging technique.

Distribution of soil moisture content and its effect on the potential growth of the over-story species in North-East Chalkidiki

2001 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Aslanidou ◽  
P. Smiris
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Moisture Distribution ◽  
Taxus Baccata ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
North East ◽  
Soil Moisture Distribution

This  study deals with the soil moisture distribution and its effect on the  potential growth and    adaptation of the over-story species in north-east Chalkidiki. These  species are: Quercus    dalechampii Ten, Quercus  conferta Kit, Quercus  pubescens Willd, Castanea  sativa Mill, Fagus    moesiaca Maly-Domin and also Taxus baccata L. in mixed stands  with Fagus moesiaca.    Samples of soil, 1-2 kg per 20cm depth, were taken and the moisture content  of each sample    was measured in order to determine soil moisture distribution and its  contribution to the growth    of the forest species. The most important results are: i) available water  is influenced by the soil    depth. During the summer, at a soil depth of 10 cm a significant  restriction was observed. ii) the    large duration of the dry period in the deep soil layers has less adverse  effect on stands growth than in the case of the soil surface layers, due to the fact that the root system mainly spreads out    at a soil depth of 40 cm iii) in the beginning of the growing season, the  soil moisture content is    greater than 30 % at a soil depth of 60 cm, in beech and mixed beech-yew  stands, is 10-15 % in    the Q. pubescens  stands and it's more than 30 % at a soil depth of 60 cm in Q. dalechampii    stands.

scholarly journals Effect of Radial Moisture Distribution on Frequency Domain Dielectric Response of Oil-Polymer Insulation Bushing

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daning Zhang ◽  
Guanwei Long ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Haibao Mu ◽  
Guanjun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Space Charge ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Space Charge Polarization ◽  
Moisture Distribution ◽  
Mechanism Analysis ◽  
Loss Peak ◽  
Charge Polarization ◽  
Peak Value

In order to realize the diagnosis of water distribution, this paper analyzes the interface polarization and macroscopic space charge polarization mechanism when the water distribution is non-uniform. The experimental results of this paper and bushing show that when the moisture distribution is non-uniform, there is a significant loss peak in the tanδ-f curve. The loss peak shifts to higher frequencies as the non-uniformity coefficient increases. There are common intersection points between multiple tanδ-f curves. Further, this paper realizes the diagnosis of the location of moisture distribution through Frequency Domain Spectroscopy (FDS) testing of different voltages and different wiring methods based on the macroscopic space charge polarization. In the single-cycle FDS test, when the positive electrode is first added to the area with higher moisture content, the amplitude of the tanδ-f curve is smaller. The tanδ-f curves under different wiring methods constitute a “ring-shaped” loss peak. As the voltage increases, the peak value of the loss peak shifts to the lower frequency band. As the temperature increases, the peak value of the loss peak shifts to higher frequencies. Based on the above rules and mechanism analysis, this research provides a new solution for the evaluation of moisture content of oil-immersed polymers equipment.

Determination of readiness for laying based on material moisture, corresponding relative humidity, and water release

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 1033-1040
Author(s):  
Christoph Strangfeld ◽  
Sabine Kruschwitz
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Embedded Sensors ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
Floor Covering ◽  
Water Release ◽  
Content Determination ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Moisture Content Determination

Abstract The moisture content of the subfloor has to be determined before installation to avoid damage to the floor covering. Only if readiness for layering is reached, can an installation without damage be expected in all cases. In general, three approaches exist to measure residual water content: determination of moisture content, determination of water release, or determination of the corresponding relative humidity. All three approaches are tested under laboratory conditions at eight screed types including two samples thicknesses in each case. Moisture content and water release are measured by sample weighing, the corresponding relative humidity is measured by embedded sensors. All three approaches are compared and correlated. The evaluations show only a weak correlation and, in several cases, contradicting results. Samples are considered ready for layering and not ready for layering at the same time, depending on the chosen approach. Due to these contradicting results, a general threshold for a risk of damage cannot be derived based on these measurements. Furthermore, the experiment demonstrates that the measurement of corresponding relative humidity is independent of the screed type or screed composition considered. This makes humidity measurement a potentially very promising approach for the installation of material moisture monitoring systems.

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