An Optimized Approach to Channel Modeling and Impact of Deteriorating Factors on Wireless Communication in Underground Mines

The environment of underground coal mines has challenging properties that makes this zone inadaptable for a stable communication system. Additionally, various deteriorating physical parameters strongly affect the performance of wireless networks, which leads to limited network coverage and poor quality of data communication. This study investigates the communication capability in underground coal mines by optimizing the wireless link to develop a stable network for an underground hazardous environment. A hybrid channel-modeling scheme is proposed to characterize the environment of underground mines for wireless communication by classifying the area of a mine into the main gallery and sub-galleries. The complex segments of mine are evaluated by categorizing the wireless links for the line-of-sight (LOS) zones and hybrid modeling is employed to examine the characteristics of electromagnetic signal propagation. For hybrid channel modeling, the multimode waveguide model and geometrical optic (GO) model are used for developing an optimal framework that improves the accessibility of the network in the critical time-varying environment of mines. Moreover, the influence of various deteriorating factors is analyzed using 2.4 GHz to 5 GHz frequency band to study its relationship with the vital constraints of an underground mine. The critical factors such as path loss, roughness loss, delay spread, and shadow fading are examined under detailed analysis with variation in link structure for the mine.

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Channel modeling of wireless communication in underground coal mines

2016 8th International Conference on Communication Systems and Networks (COMSNETS) ◽

10.1109/comsnets.2016.7440023 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Alok Ranjany ◽

Prasant Misraz ◽

Bharat Dwivediz ◽

H.B. Sahuy

Keyword(s):

Wireless Communication ◽

Coal Mines ◽

Channel Modeling ◽

Underground Coal Mines

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Characteristic Study of Visible Light Communication and Influence of Coal Dust Particles in Underground Coal Mines

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics10080883 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 883

Author(s):

Fawad Javaid ◽

Anyi Wang ◽

Muhammad Usman Sana ◽

Asif Husain ◽

Imran Ashraf

Keyword(s):

Visible Light ◽

Light Transmission ◽

Coal Dust ◽

Coal Mines ◽

Visible Light Communication ◽

Underground Mines ◽

Dust Particles ◽

Delay Spread ◽

Underground Coal Mines ◽

The Impact

The critical environment of the underground mines is a risky zone for mining applications and it is very hazardous to engage the miners without a sophisticated communication system. The existing wired networks are susceptible to damage and the wireless radio systems experience severe fading that restricts the complete access to the entire assembly of a mine. Wireless optical communication is a better approach that can be incorporated in the erratic atmosphere of underground mines to overcome such issues, as lights are already used to illuminate the mine galleries. This study is focused on investigating the characteristics of visible light communication (VLC) in an underground coal mine. The entire scope of VLC is elaborated along with the influence of coal dust particles and the scattering model. The impact of coal dust clouds on visibility and attenuation is analyzed for visible light transmission. The shadowing effect generated by the pillars and mining machinery is estimated by employing the bimodal Gaussian distribution (BGD) approach in coal mines. The characteristic model of VLC for underground coal mines is presented by classifying the area of the mine into mine gallery and sub-galleries. The transmission links of VLC are categorized as the line of sight (LOS) link for direct propagation and the non-LOS (NLOS) link for reflected propagation. The scenarios of LOS and NLOS propagation are considered for each evaluating parameter. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed framework is examined by computing the received signal power, path loss, delay spread (DS), and signal to noise ratio (SNR).

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Wireless Sensor Network

Advances in Wireless Technologies and Telecommunication - Handbook of Research on Wireless Sensor Network Trends, Technologies, and Applications ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-0501-3.ch007 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 145-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pankaj Kumar Mishra ◽

Pratik ◽

Manish Kumar

Keyword(s):

Wireless Sensor Network ◽

Radio Frequency ◽

Sensor Network ◽

Coal Mine ◽

Coal Mines ◽

Wireless Sensor ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Underground Coal Mine ◽

Rf Signals ◽

Underground Coal Mines

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has an enormous prospective in hazardous areas such as underground coal mines. However, there is a need to ensure safety while installing WSN in underground coal mine as it is hazardous in nature and WSN radiates Radio Frequency (RF) signals which can be an eminent source of ignition. Henceforth when the underground coal mines are equipped with WSN there is a need to set the threshold limits of different physical parameters in order to eradicate such hazards for enabling safety. Therefore, in the present chapter, attempts have been made to assess the required safety for WSN while installing in underground coal mines. In addition, various types of hazards associated with underground coal mines and their consequences are elaborated in details with a glimpse to mitigate them with the use of WSN.

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Pervasive Environment for Gases Detection and Collapses in Underground Mines

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.875-877.2056 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 875-877 ◽

pp. 2056-2061

Author(s):

Snider Molina ◽

Ismael Soto ◽

Lily Sun ◽

Ke Cheng Liu

Keyword(s):

Continuous Monitoring ◽

Dynamic Assessment ◽

Coal Mines ◽

Underground Mines ◽

Monitoring Networks ◽

Application Development ◽

Mining Operations ◽

Technical Parameters ◽

Pervasive Environment ◽

Underground Coal Mines

Safety is an element of extreme priority in mining operations; currently many traditional mining countries are investing in the implementation of wireless sensors capable of detecting risk factors. The objective of this research is to contribute to the implementation of sensors for continuous monitoring inside underground mines providing technical parameters for the design of sensor networks applied in underground coal mines. The analyzed of applying these systems in terms of Benefit, Opportunity, Cost and Risk are discussed. Finally, a dynamic assessment of safety at underground mines it is proposed, this approach offers a contribution to design personalized monitoring networks, the experience developed in coal mines provides a tool that facilitates the application development of technology within underground coal mines.

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Wireless Communication and Environment Monitoring in Underground Coal Mines – Review

IETE Technical Review ◽

10.1080/02564602.2014.995142 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 140-150 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Yogendra S. Dohare ◽

Tanmoy Maity ◽

P. S. Das ◽

P. S. Paul

Keyword(s):

Wireless Communication ◽

Coal Mines ◽

Environment Monitoring ◽

Underground Coal Mines

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Real Time Entry Prohibition System for Coalmines

International Journal of Technology Diffusion ◽

10.4018/ijtd.2020040104 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 45-65

Author(s):

Urmila Shrawankar ◽

Rahul Neware ◽

Pranay Mangulkar

Keyword(s):

Wireless Communications ◽

Real Time ◽

Coal Mines ◽

Well Being ◽

Base Station ◽

Wireless Transmission ◽

Underground Mines ◽

Software Systems ◽

Underground Coal Mines ◽

Favorable Conditions

This article focuses on the hazardous conditions prevailing in underground coal mines and the decision to prohibit entry, when conditions are adverse. Thus, the ongoing observation framework is helpful for ascertaining the conditions for working in underground coal mines and for essential safety and well-being measures. The advancements in WSN lead to advancements in wireless communications. The various sensors are deployed at the location and sense the environment and provide recent activities of the underground coal mines. The sensors transmit the procured information to the base station, principally the A-D transformation. The sensors can be considered a hub to the base station. Wireless transmission is used to send the data to the user. The designed hardware and software systems are used for the identification of the parameters and as per the thresholds, the decision and the prohibition of workers before entering into the mine is decided. The ML system helps in checking the favorable conditions for working in underground mines. While experimenting, real-time sensor generated data is used.

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Radiation Disturbance from AC Motors in Underground Coal Mines

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.490-491.1105 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 490-491 ◽

pp. 1105-1109

Author(s):

Ji Ping Sun ◽

Hui Chen ◽

Zi Jian Tian

Keyword(s):

Field Strength ◽

Coal Mines ◽

Underground Mines ◽

National Standard ◽

Ac Motors ◽

Radiated Emissions ◽

Underground Coal Mines ◽

Electromotor System ◽

Emission Limits ◽

Electromagnetic Disturbances

The radiated electromagnetic disturbances produced by operating electromotor equipments in coal mines have some effects on the electromagnetic environment in coal mines. Based on the analysis of the Chinese national EMC standard on rotating electrical machines and the operation characteristics of the electromotor equipments in coal mines, it can be concluded that frequency spectrum of the radiated disturbances resulting from AC motors ranges from 9kHz to 1GHz. The radiated electromagnetic disturbances in the pumping house underground mines have been measured. The results show that the radiated emissions above 30MHz produced by the normal running electromotor system are quite low, which are comparable to the radiated emission limits set in the Chinese national standard GB 755-2008;the maximum radiated field strength reaches about 0.56V/m under 30MHz. However, when motors start or stop, the radiated field strength can reach about 1.26V/m or higher. Therefore, some shielding measures for monitoring and communication equipments should be taken to reduce the radiation interference from AC motors.

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Analysis of factors affecting wireless communication systems in underground coal mines

10.33915/etd.1979 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

David P. McGraw

Keyword(s):

Wireless Communication ◽

Communication Systems ◽

Coal Mines ◽

Wireless Communication Systems ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Underground Coal Mines

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Preliminary Recommendations for Handling and Lifting Materials in Underground Low-Coal Mines

Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/154193128703100817 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 31 (8) ◽

pp. 921-925

Author(s):

Sean Gallagher ◽

Thomas G. Bobick ◽

Richard L. Unger

Keyword(s):

Task Analysis ◽

Coal Mines ◽

Underground Mines ◽

Low Back ◽

Coal Miners ◽

Materials Handling ◽

Underground Coal Mines ◽

Lifting Capacity ◽

Research Findings ◽

The U.S

The U.S. Bureau of Mines has developed preliminary recommendations for handling materials in low-seam coal mines in an effort to reduce the incidence and cost of low-back pain in underground coal mines. Three main approaches to reducing back injuries are discussed: a) research and development of task specific materials-handling hardware that would reduce the number of manual lifts in underground coal mines, b) examining the supply-handling systems currently in use at low-seam coal mines through task analysis, and c) examining the lifting capacity of low-seam coal miners in the restricted postures that must be used in underground mines. Bureau of Mines research findings and recommendations are presented and discussed.

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