scholarly journals The Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Speed and Accuracy Task Components in Motor Learning

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Håvard Stranda ◽  
Monika Haga ◽  
Hermundur Sigmundsson ◽  
Håvard Lorås
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Keyboard Typing ◽  
Speed And Accuracy ◽  
Typing Task

Acute exercise has an influence on human cognition, and both theoretical approaches and previous investigations suggest that the learning process can be facilitated. A distinction has been made however, between the predominately positive effects on task speed compared to both the negative and null effects on aspects of task accuracy. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise conducted before each practice trial (3 × week) for a period of four weeks, on speed and accuracy components in a novel keyboard typing task. To this end, young adults (n = 26) where randomized to a non-exercise resting group (control) or an exercise group (ergometer cycling at 65% of age-predicted maximal heart rate). Immediately after exercise or resting, participants practiced keyboard typing through specialized online software for a total of 2 h across the study period. All participants improved their speed and accuracy in the keyboard typing task. At 7-day retention, no differences were found between groups. Thus, the degree of improvement on both speed and accuracy task components was not significantly different between the exercise and control group. Further studies are warranted to establish the specific relationship between aerobic exercise and task components in motor learning and retention.

scholarly journals Effect of a Single Bout of Acute Aerobic Exercise at Moderate-to-Vigorous Intensities on Motor Learning, Retention and Transfer

Sports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Håvard Lorås ◽  
Monika Haga ◽  
Hermundur Sigmundsson
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Vigorous Exercise ◽  
Learning Retention

Acute exercise influences human cognition, and evidence suggests that learning can be improved. According to the cognitive–energetic approach towards exercise cognition, exercise represents a stressor that elevates physiological arousal, which, in turn, increases the availability of mental resources. However, the degree of arousal is hypothesized to have optimal and suboptimal states, and moderate intensity exercise is thus considered to be favorable compared to low intensity and vigorous exercise. The current evidence for such a moderating effect of exercise intensity on motor learning, however, appears somewhat mixed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the effect of aerobic exercise conducted with different exercise intensities on immediate practice, transfer, and 24-h retention of a motor skill. To this end, young adults (n  =  40, mean (SD) age: 23.80 (1.98) years) were randomized to exercise at either 50% or 75% of age-predicted maximal heart rate according to the Karvonen formulae. Immediately after exercising, participants practiced a high-precision golf putting task in a blocked design. Retention and transfer of skill were assessed after 24 h. Results indicated that both groups demonstrated motor learning, retention, and transfer at a similar level. Further works are thus needed to establish the specific relationship between exercise and learning and establish the factors that have an influence.

scholarly journals Altered Arterial Stiffness, Cerebral Blood Flow and Cognitive Function in Young Smokers in Response to One-Bout of Aerobic Exercise: MICE vs. HIIE

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-315
Author(s):  
Jisun Hwang ◽  
Ruda Lee ◽  
Jin-Su Kim ◽  
Moon-Hyon Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Young Smokers

PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare the acute effects of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) with moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) on arterial stiffness, cerebral blood flow and cognitive function in young smokers.METHODS: Young smokers (23.1 years & 7.2 pack years) were randomly assigned to either MICE (n=5) or HIIE (n=4) group. MICE was implemented at 70% of HRmax for 30 minutes. HIIE was performed at 70% and 90% of HRmax for 24 minutes. Central artery stiffness was assessed by aortic pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), augmentation index (AIx) at pre and post-exercise, and 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 24 hours following the exercises. Cerebral blood flow was continuously monitored using near-infrared spectroscopy technique before and during exercise, and at 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, and 24 hours following the exercises. Cognitive function was assessed by Stroop Color-Word test at pre-exercise, and 30 minutes and 24 hours following the exercises.RESULTS: There was no significant group by time interaction in cfPWV, AIx, cerebral blood flow (HbO2) level, and cognitive function. Compared with MICE, cfPWV was increased (p=.01) at 30 minutes but AIx was decreased (p=.02) at 1 hour following HIIE. When MICE and HIIE combined, arterial stiffness and cerebral blood flow measures, and cognitive function parameters were improved following even one-bout of exercise (p≤.049). Change in AIx was associated with change in cognitive function at 30 minutes following the exercises (r=.69, p=.06).CONCLUSIONS: Even one-bout of either MIIE or HIIT acutely improves aortic wave reflection, cerebral blood flow and cognitive function in young smokers. The intensity of aerobic exercise does not seem to make meaningful differences in the positive effects on arterial stiffness, cerebral blood flow, and cognitive function in young smokers if both exercises have the same volume.

Both aerobic endurance and strength training programmes improve cardiovascular health in obese adults

2008 ◽  
Vol 115 (9) ◽  
pp. 283-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga E. Schjerve ◽  
Gjertrud A. Tyldum ◽  
Arnt E. Tjønna ◽  
Tomas Stølen ◽  
Jan P. Loennechen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Training Programmes

Regular exercise training is recognized as a powerful tool to improve work capacity, endothelial function and the cardiovascular risk profile in obesity, but it is unknown which of high-intensity aerobic exercise, moderate-intensity aerobic exercise or strength training is the optimal mode of exercise. In the present study, a total of 40 subjects were randomized to high-intensity interval aerobic training, continuous moderate-intensity aerobic training or maximal strength training programmes for 12 weeks, three times/week. The high-intensity group performed aerobic interval walking/running at 85–95% of maximal heart rate, whereas the moderate-intensity group exercised continuously at 60–70% of maximal heart rate; protocols were isocaloric. The strength training group performed ‘high-intensity’ leg press, abdominal and back strength training. Maximal oxygen uptake and endothelial function improved in all groups; the greatest improvement was observed after high-intensity training, and an equal improvement was observed after moderate-intensity aerobic training and strength training. High-intensity aerobic training and strength training were associated with increased PGC-1α (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator 1α) levels and improved Ca2+ transport in the skeletal muscle, whereas only strength training improved antioxidant status. Both strength training and moderate-intensity aerobic training decreased oxidized LDL (low-density lipoprotein) levels. Only aerobic training decreased body weight and diastolic blood pressure. In conclusion, high-intensity aerobic interval training was better than moderate-intensity aerobic training in improving aerobic work capacity and endothelial function. An important contribution towards improved aerobic work capacity, endothelial function and cardiovascular health originates from strength training, which may serve as a substitute when whole-body aerobic exercise is contra-indicated or difficult to perform.

scholarly journals The Effect of an Acute Bout of Moderate-Intensity Aerobic Exercise on Motor Learning of a Continuous Tracking Task

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e0150039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas J. Snow ◽  
Cameron S. Mang ◽  
Marc Roig ◽  
Michelle N. McDonnell ◽  
Kristin L. Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Tracking Task ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Acute Bout

scholarly journals The effects of submaximal aerobic exercise on heart rate variability in adolescent athletes with history of concussion

Neurology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (23 Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S26.2-S26
Author(s):  
Brett Steven Gunn ◽  
Adam T Harrison ◽  
R. Davis Moore
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Autonomic Function ◽  
Approximate Entropy ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Adolescent Athletes ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
History Of

The purpose of this study was to evaluate cardio-autonomic regulation in adolescent athletes with and without history of concussion, at rest and following moderate intensity aerobic exercise. We hypothesized that exercise would reveal covert impairments in cardio-autonomic function for athletes with a history of concussion following aerobic exercise. Male adolescent hockey players were recruited and divided into history of diagnosed concussion and matched controls without history of concussion. Athletes in the concussion group were 3 + months from injury, asymptomatic, and currently engaged in sport. Cardio-autonomic function was measured for 5-minute at rest, and for 10-minute following cycle ergometery at 60%–70% theoretical maximal heart rate. Variable evaluated were mean normal-normal interval (mean NN), standard deviation of NN intervals (NN), root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF) and approximate entropy (ApEn). No differences were observed between those with and without a history of concussion at rest. However, the concussion group showed significant differences in mean RR interval and approximate entropy following exercise relative to matched controls (p = 0.05). Moderate intensity exercise may induce cardio-autonomic dysfunction in adolescent athletes with a history of concussion, even after they are asymptomatic and make a full return to play. These findings support prior reported findings that exercise can induce a decoupling between the autonomic and cardiovascular systems following concussion.

scholarly journals Depressed, Low Self-Esteem: What Can Exercise Do For You?

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Shamus ◽  
Gillian Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Anaerobic Exercise ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

The purpose of this paper is to review the current literature to examine the effects of various forms of physical activity upon mental health. A literature review was conducted to examine specific findings of the relationship between exercise (aerobic and anaerobic) and psychological well being. It was found that aerobic exercise performed at a moderate intensity produces significantly greater positive psychological outcomes than does either high intensity aerobic exercise or anaerobic exercise. Additionally, no specific differences were discovered between various methods of aerobic exercise as long as it is conducted for over 20 minutes continuously. Low impact aerobic exercise, such as yoga or meditation was also found to have positive effects on mental health. Various mechanisms underlying the mood boosting effects of exercise are also briefly examined.

High versus Moderate Intensity Aerobic Exercise in Older Adults: Psychological and Physiological Effects

1994 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Swoap ◽  
Nancy Norvell ◽  
James E. Graves ◽  
Michael L. Pollock
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Heart Rate Reserve

This study examined the psychological and physiological effects of a 26-week aerobic exercise program on a sample of sedentary older men (n= 26) and women (n= 23). Subjects were randomly assigned to either a high intensity exercise group (80−85% of maximal heart rate reserve), a moderate intensity exercise group (65−70% of maximal heart rate reserve), or a no-exercise control group. Results indicated that subjects in the high intensity exercise group exhibited significant increases in aerobic capacity compared to the moderate intensity group. Both exercising groups improved aerobic capacity and had significant decreases in body weight compared to the control group. Exercising subjects also reported significantly fewer symptoms of depression at the end of the program, but not fewer than the control group. Overall, increases in VO2max were associated with decreases in depression.

Abstract 12902: Aerobic Exercise Adherence Among Older People Living With HIV

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Crista L Irwin ◽  
Drenna Waldrop ◽  
Raphiel Murden ◽  
Rebecca Gary
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Exercise Adherence ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Cvd Risk

Introduction: HIV+ persons are twice as likely to develop cardiovascular disease (CVD) than non-HIV infected persons. CVD is now a major cause of morbidity and mortality in OPLWH. AHA guidelines recommend moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) of at least 150 minutes per week, but less than 50% of the general population meets this standard. Little is known about exercise adherence among OPLWH over longer study periods. Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to examine preliminary results of adherence to a moderate-intensity exercise regimen among OPLWH randomized to a Let’s Move aerobic exercise intervention (n=76). Methods: Participants (mean age 55, +/-5 (65% male, 82.4%AA) were HIV+ persons with at least 2 CVD risk factors. All participants underwent baseline maximal exercise testing (V0 2max ). Based on maximal heart rate obtained, an individualized, moderate-intensity aerobic exercise prescription was calculated at 60-70% of HR reserve. MVPA was measured in both number of steps/week and number of days/week participants met 60-70% max HR for at least 60 minutes/day. Participants wore activity trackers that were remotely monitored by a secure API data collection platform weekly from BL to 3-months. Based on data collected, real-time feedback was provided on exercise performance including follow-up calls using motivational interviewing (MI) counseling methods. Results: Mean steps/week over 3 months was 43,993 (SD 33376). 75% (n=57/76) walked at least an average of 30K steps/week over 3 months, 13% (10/76) walked more than 70K steps/week. 77.6% (n=59/76) met the AHA guideline, >150 minutes of MVPA/week. 59% (n=45/76) maintained an average of at least 60% max HR for a minimum of 240 min/week. 57.9% (44/76) participants attained 70% max HR at least 240 min/week. Conclusions: OPLWH engaged in a MI supported aerobic exercise program for 3 months exceeded the recommended 150 minutes/week of moderate-intensity exercise by 27.6% more than the general population. HIV+ participants are willing to engage in aerobic exercise which may be a cost-effective approach to reduce CVD risk in this population.

scholarly journals Intensity of acute aerobic exercise but not aerobic fitness impacts on corticospinal excitability

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 869-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica A. MacDonald ◽  
Hawazin Khan ◽  
Sarah N. Kraeutner ◽  
Francesco Usai ◽  
Emily A. Rogers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Corticospinal Excitability ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Predictors Of Response ◽  
Before And After

Aerobic exercise (AE) modulates cortical excitability. It can alter both corticospinal excitability and intra-cortical networks, which has implications for its use as a tool to facilitate processes such as motor learning, where increased levels of excitability are conducive to the induction of neural plasticity. Little is known about how different intensities of AE modulate cortical excitability or how individual-level characteristics impact on it. Therefore, we investigated whether AE intensities, lower than those previously employed, would be effective in increasing cortical excitability. We also examined whether the aerobic fitness of individual participants was related to the magnitude of change in AE-induced cortical excitability. In both experiments we employed transcranial magnetic stimulation to probe corticospinal excitability before and after AE. We show that 20 min of continuous moderate- (40% and 50% of heart rate reserve, HRR), but not low- (30% HRR) intensity AE was effective at increasing corticospinal excitability. We also found that while we observed increased corticospinal excitability following 20 min of continuous moderate-intensity (50% HRR) AE, aerobic fitness was not related to the magnitude of change. Our results suggest that there is a lower bound intensity of AE that is effective at driving changes in cortical excitability, and that while individual-level characteristics are important predictors of response to AE, aerobic fitness is not. Overall these findings have implication for the way that AE is used to facilitate processes such as motor learning, where increased levels of cortical excitability and plasticity are favourable.

scholarly journals The acute effects of aerobic exercise on sensorimotor adaptation in chronic stroke

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher P Mackay ◽  
Sandra G Brauer ◽  
Suzanne S Kuys ◽  
Mia A Schaumberg ◽  
Li-Ann Leow
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Chronic Stroke ◽  
Sensorimotor Adaptation ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The University

AbstractSensorimotor adaptation, or the capacity to adapt movement to changes in the moving body or environment, is a form of motor learning that is important for functional independence (e.g., regaining stability after slips or trips). Aerobic exercise can acutely improve many forms of motor learning in healthy adults. It is not known, however, whether acute aerobic exercise has similar positive effects on sensorimotor adaptation in stroke survivors as it does in healthy individuals.PurposeThe aim of this study was to determine whether acute aerobic exercise promotes sensorimotor adaptation in people post stroke.MethodsA single-blinded crossover study. Participants attended two separate sessions at the university campus, completing an aerobic exercise intervention in one session and a resting control condition in the other session. Sensorimotor adaptation was assessed before and after each session. Participants were twenty people with chronic stroke. Intervention completed was treadmill exercise at mod-high intensity for 30 minutes.ResultsResults demonstrated that acute aerobic exercise in chronic stroke survivors significantly increased sensorimotor adaptation from pre to post treadmill intervention.ConclusionThese results indicate a potential role for aerobic exercise to promote the recovery of sensorimotor function in chronic stroke survivors.

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