scholarly journals Sled-Pull Load–Velocity Profiling and Implications for Sprint Training Prescription in Young Male Athletes

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micheál J. Cahill ◽  
Jon L. Oliver ◽  
John B. Cronin ◽  
Kenneth P. Clark ◽  
Matt R. Cross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Team Sport ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Sprint Training ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Velocity Relationship ◽  
School Team

The purpose of this study was to examine the usefulness of individual load–velocity profiles and the between-athlete variation using the decrement in maximal velocity (Vdec) approach to prescribe training loads in resisted sled pulling in young athletes. Seventy high school, team sport, male athletes (age 16.7 ± 0.8 years) were recruited for the study. All participants performed one un-resisted and four resisted sled-pull sprints with incremental resistance of 20% BM. Maximal velocity was measured with a radar gun during each sprint and the load–velocity relationship established for each participant. A subset of 15 participants was used to examine the reliability of sled pulling on three separate occasions. For all individual participants, the load–velocity relationship was highly linear (r > 0.95). The slope of the load–velocity relationship was found to be reliable (coefficient of variation (CV) = 3.1%), with the loads that caused a decrement in velocity of 10, 25, 50, and 75% also found to be reliable (CVs = <5%). However, there was a large between-participant variation (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) in the load that caused a given Vdec, with loads of 14–21% body mass (% BM) causing a Vdec of 10%, 36–53% BM causing a Vdec of 25%, 71–107% BM causing a Vdec of 50%, and 107–160% BM causing a Vdec of 75%. The Vdec method can be reliably used to prescribe sled-pulling loads in young athletes, but practitioners should be aware that the load required to cause a given Vdec is highly individualized.

scholarly journals Kinematics and Kinetics of Bulgarian-Bag-Overloaded Sprints in Young Athletes

Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 282
Author(s):  
Marco Duca ◽  
Athos Trecroci ◽  
Enrico Perri ◽  
Damiano Formenti ◽  
Giampietro Alberti
Keyword(s):  
Peak Power ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Sprint Training ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Velocity Relationship ◽  
Force Velocity ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Kinematics And Kinetics

Background: Effective sprinting requires large acceleration capabilities. To accelerate, large amount of force must be produced and applied effectively. The use of different implements such as sleds and vests can increase the amount of force produced and alter sprinting effectiveness. We propose the use of increasing overload via the Bulgarian Bag (BB) as a means to modify athletes’ sprint and acutely increase force and power production. Methods: 24 young athletes performed three sprints over 20 m in three different conditions: unloaded (BW) and loaded with BB weighing 2.5% (BB2.5) and 5% (BB5) of the athlete’s body mass. Sprint times at 2.5, 5, 10, 15, and 20 m were acquired and used to compute the force–velocity relationship for the sprints. Maximal velocity (V0), peak force (F0), peak power (PP), and decrease in ratio of force (DRF) were computed. Results: the additional load caused a decrease in sprint times (p < 0.05) and V0 (p = 0.028), conversely no differences were found for F0 (p = 0.21), PP (p = 0.50), and DRF (p = 0.83). Conclusions: Based on those findings, BB can be an alternative method to effectively overload sprint training toward improving sprinting performance.

scholarly journals ‘Everything is said with a smile’: Homonegative speech acts in sport

2020 ◽  
pp. 101269022095752
Author(s):  
Froukje Smits ◽  
Annelies Knoppers ◽  
Agnes Elling-Machartzki
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Team Sport ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Gay Males ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Heterosexual Male ◽  
And Gender

The acceptance of gay males in sport is growing in various western countries. However, research also suggests that young males, including athletes, tend to engage in homonegative speech acts, often called microaggressions, that make it difficult for them to navigate practices of masculinity. We used solicited diaries or diary logs written by (non-)heterosexual young male team sport athletes (aged 16–25) to investigate how they experienced and heard expressions of homonegative and heteronormative microaggressive speech acts. We drew on Foucault’s notion of discourse, Butler’s conceptualization of performativity of heteronormativity and Sue’s work on microaggressions to examine how microaggressive speech acts by young male athletes reflect current sexual and gender cultural norms. The results revealed how homonegative speech acts were embedded in a gay aesthetic and abject femininity and used to endorse a desirable heteronormative masculinity. We concluded that homonegative microaggressive speech acts contribute to the preservation of discursive heteronormativity in sport despite growing acceptance of non-heterosexual male athletes.

scholarly journals Effects of Different Inter-Set Rest Intervals during the Nordic Hamstring Exercise in Young Male Athletes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Drury ◽  
Daniel Peacock ◽  
Jason Moran ◽  
Chris Cone ◽  
Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Team Sport ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Average Force ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Percent Decline ◽  
Rest Intervals

Abstract Context The Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) is known to reduce hamstrings injury (HIS) risk in athletes. In order to optimise the NHE it is important to understand how acute resistance training variables influence its performance. Objective To examine the effects of different inter-set rest intervals (ISRI) on force indices during performance of the NHE. Design: Crossover Study. Setting Laboratory based. Patients or Participants Ten (age = 20.7 ± 2.3 years; height = 179.4 ± 5.5 cm; body mass = 83.9 ± 12.4 kg) well-trained young male team-sport athletes. Intervention Participants performed 2 x 6 repetitions of the NHE with either a SHORT (one-minute) or LONG (three-minute) ISRI. All sets were performed on the NordBord. Main Outcomes Measure(s) Peak force (N), average force (N), percent maintenance (%) and percent decline (%) were recorded for both dominant and non-dominant limbs as well as inter-limb force asymmetries (%) calculated. Results Analyses revealed no statistically significant interactions or main effects (p &gt; 0.05) between conditions and sets in all variables. However, analysis of individual repetitions showed significant reductions (p &lt; 0.05, ES = 0.58–1.28) in peak force from repetition four onwards. Conclusions Our findings suggest that a one-minute ISRI is sufficient to maintain force production qualities and inter-limb asymmetries between sets during the NHE in well-trained athletes. However, practitioners should be aware of the potentially high decrements in peak force production that may occur within the set.

scholarly journals Effect of Sprint Training Exercise, Shuttle Run and Prevention on Base Softball Running Speed Among High School Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-43
Author(s):  
Amirudin Fathoni ◽  
Hari Amirullah Rachman
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Training Model ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Sprint Training ◽  
School Students ◽  
Running Speed ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Reactive Agility ◽  
Shuttle Run

SummaryThis study aims to determine the differences and to achieve better effect in the sprint training, shuttle run and agility on base of running speed of athletes softball. This study uses an experimental method with a 2×2 factorial design. Participants in this research were 42 male athletes (mean age = 16.88; SD = 1.31), Indonesian high school students. The instruments of this study were the base running test and reactive agility testing protocols. Analysis of the data is analysis of variance (ANOVA) of two pathways at a significant level α = 0.05. The results of the study are as follows: exercise sprint training give better effect to the results of base running extracurricular softball, as evidenced by the value of p = 0.036 < 0.05. Participants who have high agility level give a better effect than participants who have low agility level on the results of softball extracurricular base running, as evidenced by the value of p = 0,000 < 0.05. There is no interaction between the training model and agility on the results of softball extracurricular base running, which is evident from the value of p = 0.634 > 0.05. This research contributes to the field of softball sports, especially in creating an appropriate training program to increase the speed of base running in male students by using sprint training so that results are more effective.

scholarly journals The effects of lower-limb wearable resistance on sprint performance in high school American football athletes: A nine-week training study

2021 ◽  
pp. 174795412110034
Author(s):  
Erin H Feser ◽  
Christian Korfist ◽  
Kyle Lindley ◽  
Neil E Bezodis ◽  
Kenneth Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
American Football ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Sprint Training ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Training Time ◽  
Sprint Running ◽  
Mass Load ◽  
Low Volume

Time constraints often result in the challenge to fit desired programming into training time allotments. Wearable resistance (WR) may be an option to optimise the training content in function of constrained training time. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a lower-limb WR sprint running training intervention on athlete speed capabilities following a nine-week off-season, low volume training period within a sample of American football high school athletes. Nineteen athletes completed pre- and post-intervention testing of two maximal effort 30 m sprints. Horizontal force-velocity mechanical profiling variables, sprint times, and maximal velocity were calculated from sprint running velocity data collected by a radar device. The athletes completed seventeen dedicated sprint training sessions during the off-season. The intervention (WR) group completed the sessions with 1% body mass load attached to the shanks (i.e. 0.50% body mass load on each limb). The control group completed the same training sessions unloaded. Post-intervention, no statistically significant between group differences were observed ( p > 0.05). However, athletes in both groups experienced increases in velocity measures following the sprint training. The greater adjusted mean theoretical maximal velocity scores ( p > 0.05; ES = 0.30) found for the WR group compared to the control group at post-intervention may suggest that WR amplifies the nuances of the training protocol itself. Coaches can consider using lower-limb WR training to increase in-session workloads during periods of low volume training but more research is needed to better understand to what extent WR training might provide an added value to optimise both the training content and planning, as well as the athlete’s training response in order to improve sprint running performance.

Analysis of baseline by treatment interactions in a drug prevention and health promotion program for high school male athletes

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 1001-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew S. Fritz ◽  
David P. MacKinnon ◽  
Jason Williams ◽  
Linn Goldberg ◽  
Esther L. Moe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Drug Prevention ◽  
Health Promotion Program ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Promotion Program ◽  
Prevention And Health Promotion

scholarly journals The Intervention Effects of Acupuncture on Fatigue Induced by Exhaustive Physical Exercises: A Metabolomics Investigation

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haifeng Ma ◽  
Xia Liu ◽  
Ying Wu ◽  
Naixia Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Acupuncture Treatment ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Physical Exercises ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Choline Metabolism ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Metabolomics Analysis

In this study, the antifatigue effects of acupuncture had been investigated at the metabolic level on the young male athletes with exhaustive physical exercises. After a series of exhaustive physical exercises and a short-term rest, the athletes either were treated with needling acupuncture on selected acupoints (TA group) or enjoyed an extended rest (TR group). NMR-based metabolomics analysis was then applied to depict the metabolic profiles of urine samples, which were collected from the athletes at three time points including the time before exercises, the time before and after the treatment of acupuncture, or taking the extended rest. The results from multivariate statistical analysis indicated that the recoveries of disturbed metabolites in the athletes treated with acupuncture were significantly faster than in those only taking rest. After the treatment with acupuncture, the levels of distinguished metabolites, 2-hydroxybutyrate, 3-hydroxyisovalerate, lactate, pyruvate, citrate, dimethylglycine, choline, glycine, hippurate, and hypoxanthine were recovered at an accelerated speed in the TA group in comparison with the TR group. The above-mentioned results indicated that the acupuncture treatment ameliorated fatigue by backregulating the perturbed energy metabolism, choline metabolism, and attenuating the ROS-induced stress at an accelerated speed, which demonstrated that acupuncture could serve as an alternative fatigue-relieving approach.

Female and male youth sport coaches’ perceptions of teaching sportspersonship to female and male athletes

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 619-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole D Bolter ◽  
Shelley M Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Youth Development ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Youth Sport ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Male Youth ◽  
Development Framework ◽  
Expected Outcome ◽  
Youth Sport Participation ◽  
Sport Coaches

According to the positive youth development framework, sportspersonship and character development is an expected outcome from participation in youth sport. Previous studies have shown mixed results in terms of how gender affects young athletes’ sportspersonship, suggesting it is important to explore how boys and girls are taught about sportspersonship by their coaches. In this study, we interviewed six female and six male youth sport coaches who had coached both girls’ and boys’ teams at recreational and competitive levels to examine coaches’ expectations regarding sportspersonship, with a specific focus on those beliefs associated with gender. Our analysis indicated that gender does matter, as represented in the two emergent higher-order themes—(a) Observations of Athletes’ Sportspersonship Behaviors and (b) Teaching Sportspersonship to Girls and Boys—representative of two and four lower-order themes, respectively. Results showed that gender mattered in terms of coaches’ reported strategies for teaching about sportspersonship, suggesting that youth sport participation builds gendered character.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document