scholarly journals Measuring Knowledge Diffusion in Water Resources Research and Development: The Case of Korea

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inkyung Cho ◽  
Jungkyu Park ◽  
Eunnyeong Heo
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Knowledge Diffusion ◽  
Investment Strategy ◽  
Technological Knowledge ◽  
Patent Citation ◽  
Market Expansion ◽  
Innovation Capacity ◽  
Analysis Of Knowledge ◽  
D Investment

Technological knowledge created through government R&D investment not only contributes to technology and market expansion, but is also a major factor in evaluating a nation’s innovation capacity. As government budgets are limited, establishing an effective investment strategy is important. The purpose of this paper is to suggest R&D investment priorities in terms of the centrality of knowledge diffusion—which technology field is targeted in knowledge diffusion—and rapidity of knowledge diffusion—how quickly technological knowledge diffuses. The analysis focused on a water resources R&D program led by the Korean government. The centrality and rapidity of knowledge diffusion were analyzed using network analysis and patent citation information, respectively. By showing that results differ depending on whether centrality or rapidity are used to rank investments, the findings suggest the need for multiple analyses when establishing an R&D investment strategy. Moreover, this study expanded analysis of knowledge diffusion to the second diffusion, and confirmed that, when the rapidity of knowledge diffusion through the second diffusion is considered, priorities for government R&D investments change. The results have useful implications for R&D investment by identifying investment priorities in the water resources sector, and changes in those priorities when mid- to long-term knowledge diffusion is considered.

Analyzing Technological Knowledge Diffusion Among Technological Fields Using Patent Data: The Example of Microfluidics

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 1740004
Author(s):  
Qiao Zheng ◽  
Lu-Cheng Huang ◽  
Fei-Fei Wu ◽  
Wu Dan ◽  
Zhang Hui
Keyword(s):  
Citation Network ◽  
Knowledge Diffusion ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Technological Knowledge ◽  
Patent Citation ◽  
Patent Data ◽  
Diffusion Type ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Technological Field ◽  
Patent Citation Network

Study of technological knowledge diffusion can provide a basis for R&D planners to invest new R&D projects with a proper direction. In this paper, we introduce a modified method to analyze the diffusion degree of technological knowledge among different technological fields using patent data at the technology patent class level. This method first generates a patent citation network related to a specific research area and then establishes a technological field diffusion matrix according to the concordance between the patent document and the corresponding patent class. After that indicators are set up to measure the diffusion degree of technological field from two aspects of diffusion depth and breadth and then we discern the diffusion type of typical fields. Finally, we conduct microfluidic technology as a case study to prove the feasibility of the method.

China’s ‘dual circulation’ aims at economic security

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Electronic Components ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Short Run ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Innovation Capacity ◽  
Quantum Technology ◽  
D Investment

Significance It contains both continuity, in its emphasis on domestic demand as a driver of growth, and discontinuity, in its shift in focus towards adjusting to unfavourable external conditions -- in particular tension with the United States, which Beijing expects will continue in the long term. Impacts In the short run, the lingering effects of the pandemic and recurrence of local outbreaks will constrain more buoyant consumption growth. Electronic components, food and energy will be priorities for self-reliance. Significant rises in R&D investment will be needed if China is to increase its innovation capacity substantially. Priority sectors such as artificial intelligence, semiconductors, quantum technology and life sciences will be specific targets for R&D.

Mafias on the Move

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Varese
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
The United States ◽  
The West ◽  
Market Expansion ◽  
The North ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
At Will

Organized crime is spreading like a global virus as mobs take advantage of open borders to establish local franchises at will. That at least is the fear, inspired by stories of Russian mobsters in New York, Chinese triads in London, and Italian mafias throughout the West. As this book explains, the truth is more complicated. The author has spent years researching mafia groups in Italy, Russia, the United States, and China, and argues that mafiosi often find themselves abroad against their will, rather than through a strategic plan to colonize new territories. Once there, they do not always succeed in establishing themselves. The book spells out the conditions that lead to their long-term success, namely sudden market expansion that is neither exploited by local rivals nor blocked by authorities. Ultimately the inability of the state to govern economic transformations gives mafias their opportunity. In a series of matched comparisons, the book charts the attempts of the Calabrese 'Ndrangheta to move to the north of Italy, and shows how the Sicilian mafia expanded to early twentieth-century New York, but failed around the same time to find a niche in Argentina. The book explains why the Russian mafia failed to penetrate Rome but succeeded in Hungary. A pioneering chapter on China examines the challenges that triads from Taiwan and Hong Kong find in branching out to the mainland. This book is both a compelling read and a sober assessment of the risks posed by globalization and immigration for the spread of mafias.

scholarly journals Modified Mean-Variance Risk Measures for Long-Term Portfolios

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Hyungbin Park
Keyword(s):  
Risk Measures ◽  
Risk Measure ◽  
Investment Strategy ◽  
Stochastic Volatility Model ◽  
Heston Model ◽  
Volatility Model ◽  
Variance Risk ◽  
Investment Portfolios ◽  
Mean Variance

This paper proposes modified mean-variance risk measures for long-term investment portfolios. Two types of portfolios are considered: constant proportion portfolios and increasing amount portfolios. They are widely used in finance for investing assets and developing derivative securities. We compare the long-term behavior of a conventional mean-variance risk measure and a modified one of the two types of portfolios, and we discuss the benefits of the modified measure. Subsequently, an optimal long-term investment strategy is derived. We show that the modified risk measure reflects the investor’s risk aversion on the optimal long-term investment strategy; however, the conventional one does not. Several factor models are discussed as concrete examples: the Black–Scholes model, Kim–Omberg model, Heston model, and 3/2 stochastic volatility model.

scholarly journals Treated Wastewater Irrigation—A Review

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1527
Author(s):  
Mahmoud S. Hashem ◽  
Xue-Bin Qi
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Water Resource Utilization ◽  
Extension Program ◽  
Agricultural Demand

As the most important resource for life, water has been a central issue on the international agenda for several decades. Yet, the world’s supply of clean freshwater is steadily decreasing due to extensive agricultural demand for irrigated lands. Therefore, water resources should be used with greater efficiency, and the use of non-traditional water resources, such as Treated Wastewater (TW), should be increased. Reusing TW could be an alternative option to increase water resources. Thus, many countries have decided to turn wastewater into an irrigation resource to help meet urban demand and address water shortages. However, because of the nature of that water, there are potential problems associated with its use in irrigation. Some of the major concerns are health hazards, salinity build-up, and toxicity hazards. The objectives of this comprehensive literature review are to illuminate the importance of using TW in irrigation as an alternative freshwater source and to assess the effects of its use on soil fertility and other soil properties, plants, and public health. The literature review reveals that TW reuse has become part of the extension program for boosting water resource utilization. However, the uncontrolled application of such waters has many unfavorable effects on both soils and plants, especially in the long-term. To reduce these unfavorable effects when using TW in irrigation, proper guidelines for wastewater reuse and management should be followed to limit negative effects significantly.

MERGE OF THE TECHNİCAL ANALYSİS TYPES GİVES THE BEST RESULTS İN CRYPTOCURRENCY MARKET

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (14) ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
MUSTAFA ÖZYEŞİL ◽  
MOHAMMAD AL-TARIFI
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Investment Strategy ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Market Capitalization ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Peer Network ◽  
Tangible Asset ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Peer To Peer Network

Cryptocurrencies are a modern kind of financial instrument (Hudson & Urquhart, 2019), the first cryptocurrency is Bitcoin , proposed by who called Satoushi Nakamato (2008), as The open source was created on the proof-of-concept principle that transactions can be securely treated on a decentralized peer to peer network without the need for a central clearinghouse, which appeared 2009 ( Heid, 2013). The success of the bitcoin blazes a trail to what called ‘Altcoin” this expression means all the cryptocurrencies that set in motion after the victory of the bitcoin, these coins sell themselves as the best alternatives for the bitcoin (FRANKENFIELD, 2020) . There are many types for the altcoin. The third type of the cryptocurrency is called Tokens Unlike Bitcoin and Altcoins, tokens are not able to activate independently and are dependent on the grid of another cryptocurrency. That means they do not have their own core DLT or blockchain, but instead, are built on top of an existing cryptocurrency’s blockchain (Types of cryptocurrencies: explaining the major types of cryptos, 2019). The worth of bitcoin doesn’t depend on any tangible asset or economies of the countries while it is based upon the security of an algorithm which traces all transactions (Hudson & Urquhart, 2019). The studies determine the number of the bitcoin price development in the long -run (Ciaian, Rajcaniova, & Kancs, 2018): • Market forces of the Bitcoin supply and demand • The bitcoin’s attractiveness for the investors • The influence of global macro-financial developments If you're forming an investment strategy designed to help you trail long-term financial intentions, understanding the relationship between company size, return potential, and risk is vital. (Market cap—or market capitalization—refers to the total value of all a company's shares of stock, 2017) .Hence , Manifested importance a cryptocurrency’s market capitalization as the total values of all coins currently in circulation. the cryptocurrency’s market cap contains what’s called Bitcoin Dominance that is the ratio between the market cap of bitcoin to other coins of the cryptocurrency markets (jacobcanfield, 2019) . Cryptocurrency trade is attractive type of investment. this market treated the same of the foreign exchange and stock market ( Radityo, Munajat, & Budi, 2017). The investors using the same basic in investment (buy low, sell high) but they need to calculating the risks

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