scholarly journals Urban Form and Mobility Choices: Informing about Sustainable Travel Alternatives, Carbon Emissions and Energy Use from Transportation in Swedish Neighbourhoods

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todor Stojanovski
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Transportation Energy ◽  
Urban Forms ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Urban Planning And Design

The lack of mobility choices in many Swedish neighbourhoods and cities designed for automobiles hinders the possibilities to shift towards more sustainable travel alternatives. Urban designers and planners can help with redesigning these neighbourhoods and creating urban forms that encourage walking, cycling and increased use of public transportation if they are informed about the environmental performance and carbon implications of transportation systems in existing and newly planned neighbourhoods. This paper proposes a mobility choices model based on urban form and accessibility factors commonly used in urban planning and design practices. The mobility choices model produces heat maps and visually informs about the integration with walking, cycling, public transportation and private car, modal shares, carbon emissions and transportation energy use. This information can (potentially) trigger urban transformation or redesign to better integrate sustainable travel alternatives in these neighbourhoods and contribute to more sustainable cities. Many houses can have an excellent environmental performance as buildings but they can be located at a distance where it is impossible to walk, cycle or use public transportation. The benefits of energy efficient and carbon neutral home then disappears with extensive travel and commuting by automobile.

Doors of Perception to Space–Time- Meaning: Ideology, Religion, and Aesthetics in Balinese Development

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gusti Ayu Made Suartika ◽  
John Zerby ◽  
Alexander R. Cuthbert
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Social Construction ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Social Conflict ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Social Meaning ◽  
Urban Forms ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Urban Planning And Design

This article develops a conceptual framework to examine the ancestry and evolution of urban forms within the context of cultural space and its social meaning. The framework is intended as a means for organizing and interpreting information, as was Rapoport’s schema, but differs in its perspective. Rapoport begins with design elements and links them to culture; we begin with culture as a process and connect it with contextual settings through which images and configurations are generated and positioned. The framework is applied to the cultural process in Bali by focusing on ideology, religion, and aesthetics, which are treated as the main “doors of perception.” This allows a connection with the concept of a social construction of space and highlights the importance of remediating social conflict with shared values. Examples are used to illustrate the relevance of the doors of perception to urban planning and design in completing the nexus to space–time meaning.

scholarly journals The Progressive Effects of Built Environments on Supporting Physical Activity Diversity in High-Density Areas: A Case Study in Shenzhen, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Gao ◽  
Kun Liu ◽  
Peiling Zhou ◽  
Hongkun Xie
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
High Density ◽  
Mental Condition ◽  
Built Environments ◽  
City Development ◽  
Healthy City ◽  
Urban Forms ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Urban Planning And Design

Abstract Background: Physical activity diversity (PAD) is an essential indicator to present the vitality of health city, and how to improve PAD from the built environment perspective is a key issue for healthy urban planning and design, especially in high-density cities; Methods: This study selected Shenzhen, China as a representative case, combined the diversity of PA participants, types and occurrence times for the comprehensive understanding of PAD, fully used multiple source data for the measurement and statistical analysis of PAD and built environments, to discover the relationships between the built environment and PAD, and to explore the different effects in clustered and sprawled high-density urban forms; Results: PAD was unevenly distributed in Shenzhen, higher in the clustered areas and lower in the sprawled ares and the effects of the built environment on PAD were significantly different between two kinds of areas; Conclusions: the built environment supports PAD by progressive effects, in which accessibility is the necessary and funda-mental condition to activate individual PAs, inclusiveness is sufficiently supports the coaction of various kind of PAs to consolidate PAD, and landscape attractiveness furtherly aggregates more PAs to achieve higher PAD. To create accessible, inclusive, and attractive built environments are crucial ways to improve the vitality of healthy city development in high-density cities.

Understanding walkability and walking rates in Berlin: an urban form and street pattern comparison

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 79-87
Author(s):  
A. Valera Sosa ◽  
C. Nickl-Weller
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Urban Forms ◽  
Urban Planning And Design ◽  
Pattern Comparison ◽  
Individual Decisions ◽  
Physical Features

Summary Background: This descriptive study provides information indicative of the interaction between physical features of neighbourhood environments with health behaviours such as walking and biking which consequently affect disease rates related to lifestyle. Aim: Through a summary of systematic observations at two urban scales, the macro and mesolevels, a neighbourhood comparison was realized in Berlin, Germany, to explore how urban forms and street patterns can support walking or biking, or not, despite seasonal variations, socio-economic status, cultural backdrop or individual decisions to walk. For this study, a conceptual evaluation framework was conceived and structured to assess secondary data from public databases, conveniently decreasing time and costs. Result: The framework and preliminary results of the work aim to be a significant endeavour in promoting transdisciplinarity among researchers and practitioners mainly from public health, architecture, urban planning and design fields.

scholarly journals Does Environmental Walkability Matter? The Role of Walkable Environment in Active Commuting

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Jung Kim ◽  
Jiyeong Kim ◽  
Hyunjung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Environmental Planning ◽  
Active Commuting ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Point Increase ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Urban Planning And Design ◽  
Individual Variables ◽  
Multilevel Logistic Regression Model

Since walkability plays an important role in active commuting, several cities are actively promoting its integration into urban and environmental planning policies. This study examined the association between walkability and active commuting in Seoul, Korea. A multilevel logistic regression model was used to examine the correlation between Walkability Score and the probability of active commuting after controlling for individual variables. The analysis used 129,044 individual samples nested within 424 administrative districts (dongs). In this study, three models were tested: Model 1 contained only individual variables, Model 2 contained individual variables and Walkability Score, and Model 3 included neighborhood-level variables in addition to the variables of Model 2. The results showed that the Walkability Score was significantly correlated with the odds of active commuting. Specifically, every additional one-point increase in Walkability Score was associated with 0.3% higher odds of active commuting (Model 2: odds ratio (OR) = 1.003, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.001–1.005; Model 3: OR = 1.003, 95% CI = 1.001–1.006). Additionally, public transportation density was also positively correlated with the odds of active commuting. The odds of active commuting were positively correlated with younger age, female, lower-income, and having no car. Based on the findings, policy recommendations in urban planning and design, transport engineering, and environmental planning are provided.

scholarly journals Urban Form Compaction and Energy Use Intensity in New Social Housing Neighborhoods in the UAE

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 3815
Author(s):  
Ahmed ◽  
Alipour
Keyword(s):  
Social Housing ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Climate Zone ◽  
Urban Forms ◽  
The Impact

With increasing global awareness of sustainable development, federal and local authorities in the UAE have developed agendas for energy efficiency in all development sectors, especially for buildings and urban development. With the belief that urban form is integral to urban sustainability, several recently developed single-family social housing neighborhoods in the UAE have shifted from conventional sprawling urban forms to more compact ones. Unfortunately, the impact of this shift on operational and cooling energy use intensities (EUIs) is unknown. Adopting a comparative computational method, this study investigates the effect of compact urban morphologies on EUIs. In addition to a case study representing conventional urban sprawls, six recently designed housing neighborhoods in Abu Dhabi, Dubai, and Al Ain were selected to represent new compact urban forms. This study uncovered an inconsistent relationship between floor area ratio (FAR) and average housing operational and cooling EUIs. To justify these results, the effects of increased lot coverage area, street grid patterns, building configurations, and climate zone on operational and cooling EUIs were studied, and all except climate zone were proven effective. This study concludes that the current design philosophy of compacting the urban form has not successfully met the Emirates Green Building Council’s (GBC) sustainable operational EUI benchmark of 90 kWh/m2/y. While further urban compactness (i.e., increased FARs) is needed, the other urban morphological measures examined in this study should be considered for achieving a more sustainable urban form for social housing.

scholarly journals Framework for Assessing Public Transportation Sustainability in Planning and Policy-Making

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Karjalainen ◽  
Sirkku Juhola
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
Sustainability Planning ◽  
Transportation Sustainability

Transportation plays a key role in urban sustainability planning and urban greenhouse gas emission reductions. Globally, cities have established sustainability agendas and policies to guide the shift from traditional private automobile dependent transportation systems towards an increased use of public transportation, cycling, and walking. While the surrounding physical urban form and governance structures condition public transportation services, there are also many other factors to consider when discussing sustainability. As such, comprehensive planning and policy-oriented assessment frameworks that are independent of local conditions are still largely missing in literature. This paper presents a Public Transportation Sustainability Indicator List (PTSIL) that provides a platform for an integrated assessment of environmental, economic, and social dimensions of sustainability through an indicator-based approach. To demonstrate its use, the PTSIL is applied to analyze the policy documents of public transportation agencies in Helsinki, Finland, and Toronto, Canada. The results show that while both cities achieve relatively high scores in all dimensions, there is still high variability among individual indicators. The PTSIL presents a missed stepping stone between descriptive definitions of transportation sustainability and case specific sustainability performance assessments, offering an opportunity within the planning and policy-making sectors to review, assess, and develop public transportation services comprehensively.

scholarly journals Dalian’s Urban Planning and Design in Evolution

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Karine Dupre ◽  
Xin Jin
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Liaoning Province ◽  
Design History ◽  
Urban Forms ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Urban Planning And Design ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

Many Chinese cities have witnessed the introduction of Western town-planning ideas, modernity, and new townscapes. Dalian in Liaoning Province, North of China, is one of the earliest cases. International urban planning and design were transplanted and imposed by the Russians and the Japanese during the late 19th-century colonial period, which shaped Dalian’s unique urban forms and are still visible today. At the same time, Dalian was advertised as a tourist city because of its naturally endowed scenery and strategic position, while it took time before proper tourism planning was developed for the city. With the global trend of sustainable development and collaborative planning, various stakeholders including regulators, producers, and users of the urban space, are gaining increasing attention in urban planning and design. However, the conflict among stakeholders brings new challenges to the city. This paper reviews and reflects on the urban planning and design history of Dalian. Through the analysis of Dalian’s planning and design at different development stages, it reveals how the city’s distinctive urban features were shaped, evolved, and formed under the influence of national and international theories.

scholarly journals Integration of Transportation Stations as Intermodal Stations

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahjat Rahsad Shaheen ◽  
Alaa Naeem Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Basic Feature ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Intermodal Transportation ◽  
Railway Stations ◽  
Multimodal Transportation ◽  
Passenger Transportation ◽  
Planning And Design

Ease of transfer between different modes of public transportation within the stations is a significant contribution to the movement that can be provided by transportation industries to develop solutions of integrated transportation. It is future integrated multimodal transportation, to make public transportation more enjoyable and interesting, in addition to passenger transportation and future movement of goods are also depend on multimodal transportation The importance of interchange promotion between multimodal as a basic feature of passengers buildings in modern Railway Stations the Research problem:" concedered about the gab of knowledge in the integrated of railway stations within intermodal transportation system in order to operate these stations efficiently, functionally, environmentally and socially".. The importance of this research is: the role of integrated multimodal transportation stations and the extent integration functional, environmentally and operationally, where this integration plays a major role by giving the expressionistic and Iconic.  the hypothesis formulated from this problem is: the integrated railway stations are huge and multi-facilities of activities which works such a cities by one-system consists of the several systems integrated with each other in planning and a design that making integrated this building with other transportation stations as Intermodal Transportation systems within operation systems in planning and design levels, and posative action with environment functionally and operationally.  

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