scholarly journals Characteristics of Atmospheric Deposition during the Period of Algal Bloom Formation in Urban Water Bodies

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Zheng ◽  
Haihua Cao ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Jingcheng Xu ◽  
Yijing Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Small Surface ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Algae Growth ◽  
The Impact

Urban water bodies are limited by poor mobility, small surface areas, and little water supply; thus, they are sensitive to atmospheric nutrient inputs, especially during the optimal period of algae growth. This study investigated the impact of atmospheric deposition on the Quyang urban water body in Shanghai. Observations that coupled atmospheric organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorous and the actual urban water body (nutrient availability and Chlorophyll-a concentrations (Chl-a)) were conducted during spring and summer. Atmospheric total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), ammonia (N-NH4+) and total phosphorus (TP) deposition ranged from 35–81, 3–40, 0.79–20.40 and 0.78–0.25 mg m−2 d−1, respectively. The soluble N/P molar ratios of the bulk deposition (ranging from 56–636) were well above the Redfield ratio (N/P = 16). Nutrient inputs from atmospheric deposition have been suggested to be a strong factor for increasing the likelihood of P limitation in the water bodies. The actual loads to small, shallow urban water bodies were assessed and found to be ~50, 130, 130 (the N-fixation contributes to the atmospheric deposition inputs especially during the spring), and 80% of TOC, TN, N-NH4+, and TP, respectively, representing nutrients transferred into the water phase. The maximum primary production (evaluated as Chl-a) stock resulting in a 2-m-deep water column from the above inputs ranged from 2.54–7.98 mg Chl-a m−3. As a continuous source of nutrients, atmospheric deposition should not be underestimated as a driving force for urban water body eutrophication, and it potentially influences primary production, especially during the optimal algae growth period.

Scale and Attenuation of Water Bodies on Urban Heat Islands

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 108-111
Author(s):  
Huanchun Huang ◽  
Yingxia Yun ◽  
Jiangang Xu ◽  
Shizhen Wang ◽  
Xin Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Body ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Water Surfaces ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
The Impact

Urban water bodies play an important role in reducing summertime urban heat island (UHI) effects. Previous studies focused mainly on the impact of water bodies of large areas, and there is no analysis of the efficacy and scale effect of how small and medium-sized water bodies reduce the UHI effects. Hence, these studies could not provide theoretical support for the scientific planning and design of urban water bodies. This study aims to confirm, within different scale ranges, the efficacy of a water body in reducing the summertime UHI effects. We propose a scale sensitivity method to investigate the temporal and spatial relationship between urban water bodies and UHI. Based on the scale theory and geostatistical analysis method in landscape ecology, this study used the platforms of 3S, MATLAB, and SPSS to analyze the distance-decay law of water bodies in reducing summertime UHI effects, as well as the scale response at different water surface ratios. The results show that the influence of water surfaces on UHIs gradually decreases with increasing distance, and the temperature rises by 0.78 °C for every 100 m away from the water body. During daytime, there is a scaled sensitivity of how much water surfaces reduce the summertime UHI effects. The most sensitive radius from the water was found at the core water surface ratio of 200 m. A reduction of UHI intensity by 2.3 °C was observed for every 10% increase of the average core water surface ratio. This study provides a theoretical reference to the control of heat islands for the planning and design of urban water bodies.

scholarly journals The landscaping of urban agglomeration park systems

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 294-306
Author(s):  
Aleksandra V. Ostyakova ◽  
Ekaterina V Pluisnina
Keyword(s):  
Water Body ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
City Water ◽  
Surrounding Areas

Introduction. Studying water body ecological problems and ensuring the necessary level of sanitary maintenance and landscaping of the reservoirs with the surrounding areas are relevant due to the inadequate environmental condition of a large number of urban water bodies and small rivers within settlements. Materials and methods. The review of the available normative documents and the carried-out actions on the improvement of city water objects is given. Based on the visual study of the state of the pond banks at the Karbyshev Park at the settlement of Nakhabino, Moscow region, water quality indicators, sources of pollution of the pond, the article concluded on the unsatisfactory ecological and aesthetic condition of this urban pond. The objective of this paper is to analyze the existing negative environmental factors affectig the water body and to propose an option of the site landscaping and further safe usage. Results. A description of the Karbyshev Park territory is given. Also, negative factors influencing the pollution of the pond banks, and the quality of pond water are specified. A proposal contains a list of necessary types of activities on cleaning and improving the pond bowl and surrounding territory under the condition of preservation of its ecosystem. As a result of the integrated assessment of the pond ecological state, a model of the urban water body was created, and a variant of its ecological reconstruction was proposed. Conclusions. The study is of practical importance for accounting and elimination of environmental problems of urban water bodies of the Central European Russia and proposals of measures for their improvement and reclamation.

scholarly journals An estimation of the quantitative impacts of copepod grazing on an under sea-ice spring phytoplankton bloom in western Baffin Bay, Canadian Arctic

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Sampei ◽  
Louis Fortier ◽  
Patrick Raimbault ◽  
Kohei Matsuno ◽  
Yoshiyuki Abe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Phytoplankton Bloom ◽  
Grazing Rate ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Spring Phytoplankton Bloom ◽  
Baffin Bay ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Copepod Grazing ◽  
The Impact

This study aimed to quantify the impact of copepod grazing on the productivity of phytoplankton during an under sea-ice spring phytoplankton bloom (USPB) in western Baffin Bay. To quantify positive and/or negative impacts of copepod grazing on primary production and the interaction between copepod grazing and phytoplankton species, we sampled seawater and zooplankton under the landfast sea ice every 2–3 days between May 24 and July 10, 2016. Samples were analyzed for estimation of primary production, chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration, diatom abundance, and copepod fecal pellet (FP) production/grazing rate. Analyses of chl-a concentration, primary production, and FP production/grazing rate revealed clear temporal changes and a mismatch between primary production and copepod consumption. The FP production/grazing rate reached a maximum (9.4/31.2 mg C m–2 d–1) on June 16 before the USPB phase and suddenly decreased to 0.7/2.4 mg C m–2 d–1 on June 21, despite an increase in primary production to 74.0 mg C m–2 d–1. The copepod grazing rate (3.7 mg C m–2 d–1) was low relative to primary production (344.6 mg C m–2 d–1) during the USPB phase (after June 20). While our estimates illustrate that copepod grazing did not limit the maximum daily primary production during the USPB, the low grazing pressure (2% of primary production) may have been an additional contributor to the reduction in total primary productivity at the end of the USPB period due primarily to the low supply of regenerated nitrogen-containing nutrients to drive regenerated production.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the level of human impact on the river sediments in Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 01051
Author(s):  
Valentina Kurochkina
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Body ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Channel Processes ◽  
The Impact

The growing race of urbanization and population growth lead to anthropogenic load on the water is increasing all the time. High population density and considerable industrial potential of the urbanized territory are becoming dominant sources of pollution of water bodies. This trend identifies progressive pollution of water bodies and the growing need for sanitary-ecological status of water control facilities. Natural chemical composition and properties of water in surface water bodies are formed depending on the hydrological, soil, climate and other features. Flowinduced suspensions in urban watercourses is one of the main ways of contamination distribution in urbanized areas. For monitoring and reducing the negative impacts on the water quality of watercourses requires estimation of anthropogenic pressures and studying its spatio-temporal variability. Analysis of anthropogenic stress on water objects allows you to set the relationship between the number of coming in the water body of pollutants and concentrations of chemicals in the water. The main aim is to determine the amounts of contaminants accumulated in the river riverbed during the period of the economic utilization of the watercourse and to assess the impact of urbanization on its ecological status. The article deals with the influence of anthropogenous load on river hydraulics and properties of channel sediments that determine the course of channel processes and overall ecological condition of water objects. The interrelation between water body condition, water quality and sediment pollution is presented. Method of estimation of anthropogenous load pollutants in river of urban area sis proposed. Comparative analysis of the load for the rivers of Russia with various water run-off is demonstrated.

scholarly journals Urban water resource management: experience from the revival of Rajokri lake in Delhi

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 421-434
Author(s):  
Ankit Srivastava ◽  
◽  
T.C. Prathna ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Body ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Natural Treatment ◽  
Ground Water Recharge ◽  
Comprehensive Plans

<abstract> <p>Water bodies are critical in maintaining and sustaining ecosystems. However, urban water bodies are often ignored during development projects, and comprehensive plans for their revival and rejuvenation are not seen as priorities. This paper describes the rejuvenation project for a dry water body at Rajokri, Delhi, India. A "scientific wetland with active biodigester" (SWAB) system was developed to treat domestic wastewater, which was then used to fill the lake. The SWAB effectively removed about 89% removal of oil and grease, 86% biological oxygen demand (BOD), 85% chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 86% of total suspended solids (TSS) when the respective inlet concentrations were 18 ± 1.14 mg/L, 124 ± 2.9 mg/L, 480 ± 11.9 mg/L and 116 ± 1.82 from the raw wastewater. The SWAB system provides completely natural treatment with zero electrical consumption. The revival of the water body using a decentralized wastewater treatment system has immensely helped in management of urban wastewater, ground water recharge and enhanced ecosystem and biodiversity values. The project demonstrates the integration of socio-cultural, societal, ecological, ecosystem and technological aspects for the revival of the lake.</p> </abstract>

scholarly journals REACTIONS OF KIDNEYS OF SILVER BREAM (BLICCA BJOERKNA) FROM VOLGA DELTA TO HABITAT

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-149
Author(s):  
Ivan Alexeyevich Burlakov ◽  
Victor Nickolaevich Kryuchkov ◽  
Irina Vladimirovna Volkova
Keyword(s):  
Water Body ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Anthropogenic Load ◽  
Relative Mass ◽  
Volga Delta ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Impact

The article focuses on the intensive anthropogenic impact on the aquatic ecosystems, which makes it necessary to monitor the populations of different fish species. The method of mor-phophysiological indicators was used to study the kidneys of silver bream in different water bodies of the Volga Delta. The morphometric characteristics of the kidneys of silver bream are presented. It is shown that the reactions of organs and body systems are caused by the environmental impact on the living organisms, which results, in particular, in the pathological changes in the fish body. Reactions in the body of fish are the result of a combined effect of environmental factors and natural physiological processes related to feeding, migrations, generative cycles, etc. The detected changes in the organ structure make it possible to assess the impact of the environment on fish. The seasonal and sexual variability of the indices of the mesonephros of silver bream from the Volga Delta is shown. Analysis of the kidneys of fish from two water bodies showed the variability of kidney mass due to the anthropogenic load on the water body, in particular, an increase in the kidney index in silver bream Blicca bjoerkna was registered in the ecosystem with an increased toxic load. It has been stated that the increase in the relative mass of mesonephros was caused by the changes in the organ. Changes were detected both in the intratubular tissue, and in the convoluted tubules and renal capsules. The study helped to find the differences in the relative weight and structure of the kidneys of silver bream, which lives in the water bodies with different anthropogenic load. A real increase of the kidney index was found in fish from the water body with a higher level of anthropogenic impact.

scholarly journals Classification Indications of Urban Water Bodies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Water Body ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Water Impact ◽  
Body Type ◽  
Hydraulic Facility ◽  
Bank Protection ◽  
The City

A system of indications meant for new classification of urban recreational water bodies based on a vision of an urban water body as the most important component of the city infrastructure. At the same time it is necessary to take into account that an urban water body is a hydraulic facility affected by water impact and characterized by the lack of methodical literature for designing. In a city a water body is more than often represented by either pond or earth reservoir. It is necessary to consider them as special water bodies. A set of appropriate classification indicators is proposed as a basis for such kind of analysis and development of the principal approaches. These indicators enable to characterize the currently existing urban water bodies and those to be designed in accordance with different parameters. This system of indicators is balancing between practical necessity for a concrete classification indicator and its relative simplicity. The following indicators have been adopted as the classification ones: the water body type, level of its territorial hierarchy, its area, average depth, cascade level, bank protection structure, as well as the feeding system. The classification indicators system was preliminary tested at 35 ponds of Moscow, this has enabled to obtain the general idea of the applied approaches.

Phytoplankton community composition in relation to water quality and water-body morphometry in urban lakes, reservoirs, and ponds

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 2163-2174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel D Olding ◽  
Johan A Hellebust ◽  
Marianne SV Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Trophic Status ◽  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Phytoplankton Community Composition ◽  
Phytoplankton Communities ◽  
Urban Sites ◽  
Cyanobacterial Dominance

Distinct differences in observed summer phytoplankton communities in relation to maximum depth suggest that constraints posed by water-body morphometry may modify the trophic control of phytoplankton-community composition and structure in urban water bodies. In deep urban sites (Zmax [Formula: see text] 5 m), phytoplankton communities tended to be predictably related to trophic status (i.e., increases in trophy were associated with increased cyanobacterial dominance, a decreased proportion of Chrysophyceae-Synurophyceae and grazable-size algae, and a decrease in community richness), although exceptions existed, owing to factors such as human intervention, age of the water body, and flushing rates. In contrast, in shallow urban water bodies (Zmax < 5 m), trophic status was a poor predictor of phytoplankton communities. Across meso- to hyper-eutrophic conditions, shallow urban sites were rarely dominated by cyanobacteria and, when they were, the species composition differed from nutrient-rich deep urban sites. The key requirement for cyanobacterial dominance in shallow urban sites appears to be sufficiently long water residence times, viz., greater than 8-14 days. Further study should describe how the relationship between water body residence time and species-generation time may limit the development of specific nuisance algal species, aiding in the management and rehabilitation of urban water bodies.

Integrated urban water modelling with uncertainty analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 379-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Mannina ◽  
G. Freni ◽  
G. Viviani ◽  
S. Sægrov ◽  
L.S. Hafskjold
Keyword(s):  
Uncertainty Analysis ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Good Description ◽  
Integrated Modelling ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Quality Aspects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Receiving Water ◽  
Modelling Approach

In the last twenty years, the scientific world has paid particular care towards the problems that involve the environment. Accordingly, several researches were developed to describe phenomena that take place during both wet and dry periods and to increase the knowledge in this field. In particular, attention was addressed towards the problems linked with receiving water body pollution because of the impact of rain water in the urban environment. In order to obtain a good description of the problem, it is important to analyse both quantity and quality aspects connected with all the transformation phases that characterise the urban water cycle. Today, according to this point, integrated modelling approach is spreading, aiming to find solutions to improve the quality characteristics of the receiving water body. Because several models are connected together for analysing the fate of pollutants from the sources on the urban catchment to the final recipient, classical problems connected with the selection and calibration of parameters are amplified by the complexity of the modelling approach increasing the uncertainty and reducing the reliability connected with a model's application. For this reason, a parsimonious integrated modelling approach has been developed and its uncertainty has been evaluated adopting the well known GLUE framework. For the purpose of the study, the uncertainty analysis has been applied to a “semi–hypothetic” case study obtained connecting Fossolo catchment (Bologna – Italy) to the Oreto river near Palermo (Italy).

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