scholarly journals Extrusion Compounding Process for the Development of Eco-Friendly SCG/PP Composite Pellets

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joo Sohn ◽  
Youngjae Ryu ◽  
Chang-Seok Yun ◽  
Kun Zhu ◽  
Sung Cha
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Injection Molding ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Spent Coffee Grounds ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Petroleum Resources ◽  
Composite Pellets ◽  
Resource Circulation ◽  
American Society ◽  
The Impact

As the consumption of coffee increases worldwide, the amount of spent coffee grounds (SCG) is gradually increasing every year. Some of these grounds are recycled for composting, but most are discarded, which causes widespread financial and social costs. We developed a bio-based plastic pellet by blending polypropylene (PP) with waste biomass SCG to convert it into a sustainable, recyclable eco-friendly material. It was confirmed that extrusion compounding for SCG/PP composite pellets and injection molding with good formability are possible. To evaluate the formability of the composite pellets, American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) test specimens were prepared for evaluating mechanical properties by injection molding. As a result of the measurement of the test samples, the mechanical properties of SCG/PP composite pellets were generally lowered as the SCG content increased. However, the impact strength of SCG/PP composite based on the HOMO-PP matrix improved as the SCG content increased. In addition, Young’s modulus of SCG/PP increased as the SCG content increased. In the future, this study will be applied to manufacture of products that requires non-toxic products, such as disposable products and food containers, realizing commercialization of eco-friendly products and thereby replacing finite petroleum resources and practicing resource circulation and environmental protection.

Research on the Flow Characteristics of Polymer Injection Molding under Ultrasonic Vibration and Plastics’ Mechanical Strength

2010 ◽  
Vol 37-38 ◽  
pp. 1092-1100
Author(s):  
Ji Bin Li ◽  
Ke Ke Xu ◽  
Xin Bo Lin ◽  
Xiao Yu Wu ◽  
Guo Li Gao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Injection Molding ◽  
Ultrasonic Vibration ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
Melt Flow Rate ◽  
Polymer Injection ◽  
Molding Method ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, ultrasonic vibration is adopted and exerted on injection molding in order to improve plastics’ forming ability, and the impact testing is used to analyze different injection parts’ mechanical properties. On the one hand, experiments prove that ultrasonic vibration can increase polymer’s melt flow rate, decrease melt viscosity, and improve injection flowing in mould cavity. On the other hand, the mechanical tests prove that the ultrasonic vibration can improve plastics’ tensile strength, elastic modulus and other mechanical properties. As a result, a weldless ultrasound-assisted injection molding method is recommended.

A method to improve dimensional accuracy and mechanical properties of injection molded polypropylene parts

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Li ◽  
Guoqun Zhao ◽  
Jiachang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Injection Molding ◽  
Weld Line ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Dimensional Shrinkage ◽  
Injection Molded ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Gas counter pressure (GCP) technology can impose a reverse pressure to melt and thereby effectively increase the pressure acting on the melt at flow front. Theoretically, it has a potential to solve some defects often occurring in conventional injection molding (CIM) process. This paper designed and manufactured a GCP injection mold. GCP injection molding experiments were conducted. Effects of GCP process on melt flow and density, dimensional accuracy, and mechanical properties of molded samples were investigated. The results showed that GCP process can effectively inhibit the “fountain effect” in melt filling process, decrease the dimensional shrinkage of molded samples, increase dimensional accuracy of samples, and effectively improve impact property of samples. For the samples without weld line, tensile strength and flexural strength of GCP injection molded samples are slightly increased in comparison with those of CIM samples, but for the samples with weld line, GCP process can greatly improve the tensile strength and flexural strength of molded samples. When GCP is 9 MPa and GCP holding time is 10 s, the dimensional accuracy of molded samples without weld line, the tensile strength and flexural strength of the molded samples with weld line all increase up to maximum values. In comparison with CIM samples, the dimensional shrinkage of samples without weld line decreases by 17.2%, the tensile strength and flexural strength of samples with weld line increase by 30.51% and 23.69%, respectively. The impact value of the samples molded by process parameter combination of GCP 9 MPa and GCP holding time 20 s is the highest, and the impact value increases by 18.65%.

scholarly journals Recycling of spent coffee grounds for useful extracts and green composites

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2682-2692
Author(s):  
Yihao Leow ◽  
Pek Yin Michelle Yew ◽  
Pei Lin Chee ◽  
Xian Jun Loh ◽  
Dan Kai
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Green Composites ◽  
Spent Coffee Grounds ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Coffee Oil ◽  
Properties Of Composites

Spent coffee grounds are mostly discarded as waste. Here we recycle them for chemical compounds and as composite material fillers. Our study evaluated the chemical composition of coffee oil extracts and mechanical properties of composites formed.

scholarly journals Improving the Mechanical Ductility and Toughness of Injection-molded Polylactide Pieces by the Dual Incorporation of Liquor Waste Derived Spent Coffee Grounds and Oligomers of Lactic Acid

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Terroba-Delicado ◽  
Stefano Fiori ◽  
Sergio Torres-Giner ◽  
Jaume Gomez-Caturla ◽  
Nestor Montanes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Green Composites ◽  
Green Composite ◽  
Spent Coffee Grounds ◽  
Reinforcing Fillers ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Coffee Oil ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This work puts the Circular Bioeconomy’s concept into action, originally valorizing residues from the beverage liquor coffee industry into reinforcing fillers for green composites of polylactide (PLA). The as-received spent coffee grains derived from liquor waste were first milled to obtain the so-called spent coffee grounds (SCGs), which were then incorporated at 20 wt.% into PLA by extrusion. With the aim of improving the compatibility between the biopolyester and the lignocellulosic particles, two oligomers of lactic acid (OLAs), namely OLA2 and OLA2mal, being the latter functionalized with maleic anhydride (MAH), were both added during the extrusion process at 10 wt.%. The resultant compounded pellets were finally shaped into pieces by injection molding for characterization. Results showed that, as opposite to most claims published in the literature of PLA composites based on lignocellulosic fillers derived from soluble coffee wastes, the incorporation of liquor waste derived SCGs increased the ductility of the pieces by nearly 280% due to their high coffee oil content. The incorporation of OLA2 and OLA2mal contributed to improve the impact strength of the pieces by approximately 6% and 12.6%, respectively. The higher performance of OLA2mal was ascribed to a reduction of crystallinity in the green composite due to the chemical interaction by the MAH groups. However, the incorporation of SCGs into PLA slighlty reduced the thermal stability and yielded a dark-to-brown color, whereas it also delayed the disintegration rate of the pieces in controlled compost soil. Therefore, the results attained herein open up novel opportunities for the development of green composites of PLA with higher ductility and toughness through the valorization of liquor coffee wastes.

Mechanical Recycling of Low-Density Polyethylene/Carbon Nanotube Composites and its Effect on Material Properties

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicia Stan ◽  
Nicoleta-Violeta Stanciu ◽  
Catalin Fetecau ◽  
Ionut-Laurentiu Sandu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Injection Molding ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Mechanical Recycling ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Nanotube Composites ◽  
Carbon Nanotube Composites ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In this paper, the impact of recycling and remanufacturing on the behavior of low-density polyethylene/multi-walled carbon nanotube (LDPE/MWCNT) composites is investigated. LDPE/MWCNT composites with 0.1–5 wt.%, previously manufactured by injection molding, were mechanically recycled and remanufactured by injection molding and 3D filament extrusion, and the rheological, electrical, and mechanical properties were analyzed and compared with those of virgin composites under the same conditions. Experimental results demonstrate that the recycled LDPE/MWCNT composites have similar rheological, electrical, and mechanical properties to virgin composites, if not better. Therefore, the recycled LDPE/MWCNT composites have a great potential for being used in engineering applications, while reducing the environmental impact.

scholarly journals The Possibility of Using Spent Coffee Grounds to Improve Wastewater Treatment Due to Respiration Activity of Microorganisms

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (15) ◽  
pp. 3155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Vítězová ◽  
Simona Jančiková ◽  
Dani Dordević ◽  
Tomáš Vítěz ◽  
Jakub Elbl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Waste Material ◽  
Spent Coffee Grounds ◽  
Respiration Activity ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Spent Coffee Ground ◽  
The Impact

Spent coffee ground (SCG) may affect wastewater treatment processes due to high coffee consumption worldwide. The impact of the main chemical compounds present in SCG on respiration activity of sewage sludge was investigated. The results showed approximately two times higher respiration in the samples where various types of SCG were present in comparison with samples without SCG. During intense microbial metabolism, statistically significant (p < 0.05) decreases in caffeine, total polyphenols, and chlorogenic acid contents after processing and in filtrate was observed. The monitored compounds (caffeine, polyphenols, and chlorogenic acid) deteriorated due to their probable inclusion in microbiological metabolism. Increase in respiration activity of microorganisms in the presence of cheap waste material such as coffee grounds can help to improve wastewater treatment. The research was focused on spent coffee grounds’ impact on the respiratory activity of microorganisms in the activated sludge taken from small and large wastewater treatment plants. The impact was measured in more detail due to the inclusion of different coffee species (Robusta and Arabica) in diverse concentrations. The novelty of the study can also be seen through the literature overview, where information cannot be found about SCG influence on the respiration activity of microbial communities, and data on the possible SCG aerobic degradation or utilization by a sewage sludge bacterial consortium has also never been reported. The study has shown the possibility of improving wastewater treatment due to respiration activity of microorganisms in the presence of cheap waste material such as coffee grounds.

Mechanical Recycling of Low-Density Polyethylene/Carbon Nanotube Composites and Its Effect on Material Properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicia Stan ◽  
Nicoleta-Violeta Stanciu ◽  
Catalin Fetecau ◽  
Ionut-Laurentiu Sandu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Injection Molding ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Mechanical Recycling ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Nanotube Composites ◽  
Carbon Nanotube Composites ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, the impact of recycling and remanufacturing on the behavior of low-density polyethylene/multi-walled carbon nanotube (LDPE/MWCNT) composites is investigated. LDPE/MWCNT composites with 0.1–5 wt%, previously manufactured by injection molding, were mechanically recycled and remanufactured by injection molding and 3D filament extrusion, and the rheological, electrical, and mechanical properties were analyzed and compared with those of virgin composites under the same conditions. Experimental results demonstrate that the recycled LDPE/MWCNT composites have similar rheological, electrical, and mechanical properties as that of virgin composites, if not better. Therefore, the recycled LDPE/MWCNT composites have a great potential for being used in engineering applications, while reducing the environmental impact.

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