scholarly journals Economic Analysis of Disaster Management Investment Effectiveness in Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo-Young Heo ◽  
Won-Ho Heo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Disaster Prevention ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Public Projects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Short And Long Term

Governments have been investing in extensive operations to minimize economic losses and casualties from natural disasters such as floods and storms. A suitable verification process is required to guarantee maximum effectiveness and efficiency of investments while ensuring sustained funding. Active investment can be expected by verifying the effectiveness of disaster prevention spending. However, the results of the budget invested in disaster-safety-related projects are not immediate but evident only over a period of time. Additionally, their effects should be verified in terms of the state or society overall, not from an individualistic perspective because of the nature of public projects. In this study, an economic analysis of the short- and long-term effects of investment in a disaster-safety-related project was performed and the effects of damage reduction before and after project implementation were analyzed to evaluate the short-term effects and a cost–benefit analysis was conducted to assess the long-term effects. The results show that disaster prevention projects reduce damages over both the short and long term. Therefore, investing in preventive projects to cope with disasters effectively is important to maximize the return on investment. This analysis can be used for developing effective disaster prevention projects.

The Banco de Avío

2021 ◽  
pp. 442-464
Author(s):  
Eric Van Young
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
The State ◽  
Development Bank ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Silver Mining ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Textile Sector

At Alamán’s initiative a law of 1830 established the Banco de Avío, a government-funded development bank for the spurring of industrialization, especially in the textile sector, with which his name has forever been associated. His views of industrialization as a development strategy as opposed to a renewed reliance upon silver mining are discussed, as well as the short- and long-term effects of loans made to textile entrepreneurs and the cronyism employed by Alamán both in organizing the Banco itself and in allotting its capital as loans to industrialists. The state of the textile industry in Mexico before and after the Banco is described.

Response: The Use of Economic Analysis in Public Policy

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim Wiewel
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Policy Relevance ◽  
Economic Tools ◽  
The University ◽  
Environment Cost

Morales and colleagues deserve credit for extending traditional economic analysis by using anthropological field data and applying midlevel economic tools to policy analysis. However, their analysis is problematic because it exaggerates how many benefits would be lost if the Maxwell Street Market were moved, ignores the costs imposed by the market, and does not consider the economic benefits of the university's proposed land use. Even very moderate success of the university's plans will more than compensate for the economic losses caused by the market's move. It was politically impossible for the university to implement its expansion plans while maintaining the market. Such difficult choices inevitably arise in a complex urban environment. Cost-benefit analysis is a useful tool, but provides only some of the information that enters into the decision-making process. Thus analysts must be modest in the claims they make for the policy relevance of their data.

scholarly journals Soil Amendments and Soil Profiling Impact on Macadamia Growth and Yield Performance

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-527
Author(s):  
Russell Galanti ◽  
Alyssa Cho ◽  
Amjad Ahmad ◽  
Theodore Radovich
Keyword(s):  
Root Biomass ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Wood Chip ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Effective Microorganisms

Macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia, Maiden & Betche) orchard management in Hawaii can result in the loss of organic matter and soil degradation. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of macadamia husk mulch, husk mulch combined with biochar, husk mulch combined with effective microorganisms (EM), soil profiling, and wood chip mulch on yield, nut quality, root growth, and SPAD values during a 1-year study of mature macadamia orchards at two locations in Hawaii. A partial cost–benefit analysis was performed to compare the costs and yield benefits of each treatment. Soil profiling resulted in higher yields than any other treatment, at a mean of 86.6 kg wet-in-husk per tree. No treatments significantly affected nut quality or dry kernel weight. Nut quality was affected by harvesting time, with the earliest harvesting (Aug. 2017) period resulting in the highest recovery rate of number 1 grade kernels (33%). SPAD values increased with the husk mulch combined with EM (6.5%) treatment and soil profiling treatment (6.9%). Husk combined with EM caused an 87% increase in total root biomass during the study period due to increased proteoid root biomass. The soil profiling treatment had the second lowest estimated cost per hectare and had the highest estimated partial profit per hectare. Soil profiling is a destructive management practice and should be used judiciously until its long-term effects on orchard health are studied. The inoculation of EM or sugar signaling may have been responsible for the proliferation of proteoid roots with the husk mulch and EM treatment.

Hydropower Infrastructure Performance after the 2015 Gorkha, Nepal, Earthquake Sequence

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 115-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menzer Pehlivan ◽  
Christopher Madden Madugo ◽  
Amy Macdonald ◽  
Deepak Rayamajhi ◽  
Youssef M. A. Hashash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Source ◽  
Earthquake Sequence ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Gorkha Earthquake ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
2015 Gorkha Earthquake ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Infrastructure Performance

Hydropower infrastructure, the primary source of electricity in Nepal, experienced severe damage following the 2015 Gorkha earthquake sequence, resulting in a 15% loss in the country's energy production. The performance of hydropower infrastructure during and after the sequence was one of the unique focuses of the Geotechnical Extreme Events Reconnaissance (GEER) study. The GEER team visited damaged hydropower projects along the Trishuli and Sunkoshi rivers by road and on foot, along with the ongoing 465-MW Upper Tamakoshi hydropower project by helicopter. The primary cause of damage to the hydropower infrastructure was landslide and rockfall debris falling on powerhouses, penstocks, and dam structures. Moreover, landslides blocked road access to many sites, delaying necessary repairs to damaged structures and resumption of power generation. Power production in Nepal before and after the 2015 Gorkha earthquake sequence, seismic performance of visited hydropower projects, and short- and long-term effects, together with residual risks for Nepal's hydro-power infrastructure, are discussed in this paper.

Long-term effects of sulphur dioxide on crops: an analysis of dose-response relations

1984 ◽  
Vol 305 (1124) ◽  
pp. 299-316 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Emission Control ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Chamber Studies

Research into the effects of long-term SO 2 exposures on crop growth in the absence of visible foliar injury has progressed to a point where the data are being examined for ( a ) threshold concentrations that avoid dam age and ( b ) dose-response relations that assist cost-benefit analysis of emission control. The data from 125 exposures of 21 crops to constant concentrations of SO 2 alone in chambers have been analysed with a view to identifying threshold values and dose-response relations. The most appropriate functional form for the dose-response relation was a linear regression between SO 2 concentration and percentage yield loss. The correlation was not improved by a number of transformations of either variable, nor by normalizing for duration of exposure. Exclusion of the studies with chambers using low airflows did not significantly alter the regression equations, but did result in a substantial improvement in the correlation between SO 2 and yield loss. This analysis confirms that there is considerable variability in response between species and both between and within different exposure chambers. Reasons for the differences between chambers are discussed with reference to recent information on the effect of restricted SO 2 a flux, growth rate, plant age and other stresses on responses to long-term SO 2 exposures. Recent research has focused on the interactions between SO 2 exposure and other stresses particularly pests and diseases, frost injury, wind, frequent cutting, nutrient deficiency and possibly drought. The effects of long-term exposures to SO 2 in outdoor chambers were greatest over w inter when the metabolic capacity to de-toxify SO 2 absorbed during periods of slow growth was limited by low temperatures and low irradiance. The lower sensitivity of crops to SO 2 a under optimal conditions of indoor chambers may also be because of the reduced intensity of other stresses. Dose-response relations used in recent cost-benefit analysis of sulphur oxide emission control in Europe predict much greater economic losses than the regression equations developed in this paper. However, the relevance of dose-response relations developed from chamber studies with constant levels of SO 2 a alone will also depend upon (a) the effects of fluctuating concentrations in the field and (b) the effects of pollutant mixtures rather than SO 2 alone. It should soon be possible to develop improved dose-response relations solely from studies carried out in outdoor chambers over the complete annual cropping cycle. M any of the problems inherent in chamber studies on cereals in particular, will be avoided by the recent developments in field fumigation systems.

scholarly journals Geomorphological processes and forms in the function of optimal landfill microlocation determination

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Milosevic ◽  
Miroslav Markicevic
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Fluvial Terraces ◽  
Basic Task ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Threshold Graph

Geomorphologic forms and processes have primary and eliminatory significance in the process of determining the proper locations for trash disposal. Those forms are results of long-term morphogenetic processes and they implicate the dependence between the landfill and a landscape where it is situated. Determining proper location for landfill is crucial because it becomes a factor of permanent alternation of the landscape. The basic task that a possible location should satisfy is as least as possible impact zone. Concerning this request, the best locations are those on fossil geomorphologic forms that are out of active geomorphologic processes (erosive fluvial terraces and blind karst valleys). The selection of location for landfills has its economic consequences that are determined in the light of theory of development thresholds and cost-benefit analysis. The work contains comparative threshold graph with short- and long-term economic effects (costs) of locating a landfill on flood plain and an erosive terrace. There?s also given a matrix of suitability that explains economical, social, ecological, technical and esthetical factors relevant for selecting the adequate location for landfills.

Short and Long-Term Field Performances and Optimal Timing of Chip Seal in Hot and Humid Climates

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-43
Author(s):  
Momen R. Mousa ◽  
Mostafa A. Elseifi ◽  
Mohammad Z. Bashar ◽  
Zhongjie Zhang ◽  
Kevin Gaspard
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Moisture Damage ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
Chip Seal ◽  
Hot And Humid Climates ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Term Field

Chip seal is a preventive maintenance technique typically applied on relatively low traffic roads to reduce pavement deterioration rate and to defer the need for costly rehabilitation activities. This study aims to address the common challenges with chip seal application in hot and humid climates such as Louisiana to ensure the maximum benefits are achieved. Specifically, this study evaluated the short and long-term field performances and optimal timing of chip seal by analyzing the cracking, roughness, and overall pavement conditions of 47 flexible and composite pavement sections in Louisiana. Furthermore, potential moisture damage in asphalt concrete after chip seal application was assessed. Results indicated that chip seal extended pavement service life by 4–17 years based on the pre-treatment pavement conditions and pavement type (flexible or composite). Based on the cost benefit analysis, it is recommended to use alternating cycles of asphalt overlay and chip seal on low volume roads (less than 5,300 vehicles per day) with chip seal applied when the pavement condition index (PCI) of the pavement drops to a value between 70 and 74. In this case, significant monetary savings could be achieved when compared with adding chip seals at different time periods (outside the recommended range of PCI between 70 and 74). Results also showed that the application of chip seal does not seem to contribute to moisture damage. Instead, shallow groundwater conditions present in the State seem to contribute to moisture damage in asphalt pavements owing to moisture entrapment underneath the asphalt layer.

Short- and Long-Term Effects of Methylphenidate on Cost-Benefit Decision Making in Adult Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
S. Daniali ◽  
H. Manaheji ◽  
V. Nazemian ◽  
M. Taheri
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Short And Long Term
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